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Some people say higher education means higher income. What is your opinion? Write an essay of at least 150 words to support your idea.

42. Translate the following passage into English. (15’)中央电视台春节联欢晚会（简称“春晚”）自1983年开办以来，已成为中国人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消费品和一个挥之不去的文化符号。虽然众口难调，但必须承认的是，“春晚”已成为公众所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不仅是一台晚会，更是一种仪式与象征，一种文化与标签，一种情感与寄托。随着时代发展及新媒体的出现，观众的选择和需求日渐多样化，“春晚”也在与时俱进，以满足大众日益增长的文化需求。

41. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (15’)US businesses responded with alarm to President Donald Trump’s announcement of wide-ranging tariffs on imports from China, warning that they would raise costs for American consumers and risked provoking a damaging trade war. Business groups from a range of industries expressed a common view: they shared Mr. Trump’s concerns about intellectual property violations and unfair trading practices by China but thought his decision to use tariffs to address the problem would be counter-productive. One of the strongest responses to the plans came from the National Retail Federation, which said the tariffs would “punish ordinary Americans for China’s violations”.

In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw, having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong — and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation. And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children, though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to （）37. We may infer from the second paragraph that（）38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?39. Which of the following is true according to the text?40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his（）

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it, is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.31. In the first paragraph, the author discusses（）32. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?33. According to the text, online publication is significant in that （）34. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to（）35. Which of the following best summarizes the text?

For decades, people had continued to pay down mortgages until their last cent was spent. Now, increasing numbers were giving up their homes even as they continued to service other debts. Faced with a plunge in house prices across the US — something that has not happened since the Great Depression of the 1930s — the mortgage industry is already dealing with a surge in the numbers of people defaulting on their payments.The concern is that the losses on risky subprime mortgages could soon swell further as people with good credit history decide it is not worth continuing to make payments on houses worth less that the loan. House prices in the US are already 20 per cent from the 2006 highs and are forecast to keep falling. For many, especially those who have put little of their own money into a house, sending back the keys could be perfectly rational. The practice has given a name in the industry — “jingle mail” — and there are even companies specializing in helping people with the decision. Youwalkway.com, one such service, almost makes it sound an alluring prospect, “what if you could live payment-free for up to eight months or more and walk away without owing a penny?” the website asks.Larry Rosenberger, arguably one of the most experienced crunchers of consumer debt statistics around, was meeting the consortium of mortgage lenders to talk about analyzing their data from clues about which people in negative equity could be expected to keep paying down their mortgages. They said, “we’re getting killed with losses, can we figure out more accurately who will do what, so we can be more accommodating with some borrowers but not with others,” Mr. Rosenberger says.The accuracy of the models used by the likes of Mr. Rosenberger to flag good and bad customers could make a huge difference to the losses that lenders eventually have to absorb — losses that will, in turn, determine the availability of fresh funds for new loans. His approach was to seek clues to people’s future actions in their past behaviors. For example, people with children at local schools may be less likely to walk away than people without school-age children. People with mortgages on second homes may be more likely to give up the investment.26. Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 1?27. People stop paying house mortgages because（）.28. The worrying situation in mortgage industry（）.29. What do you think Larry Rosenberger does?30. What does the underlined word “flag” mean in Paragraph 4?

Passage OneIt is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern lite, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of boatmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.21. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by （）.22. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog... the rule.” (Paragraph 1) implies that（）.23. By “good sense” (Paragraph 2), the writer means（）.24. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion,（）.25. In the writer’s opinion,（）.

There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. (1’*10=10’)Regardless of their political affiliation, in all countries women must overcome a host of stumbling blocks that limit their political careers. “Most obstacles to progress consist of（11）of various kinds,” says the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), a Geneva-based organization（12）139 parliaments, including the lack of time, training, information, self-confidence, money, support, motivation, women’s networks and solidarity between women.In every culture, prejudice and stereotypes（13）hard. The belief still holds（14）that women belong in the kitchen and with the children, not at election（15）or in the Speaker’s chair. The media often reinforce traditional images of women, who upon entering politics, also bear the brunt（正面冲击）of verbal and physical（16）.In impoverished（贫穷的）countries racked by civil conflicts and deteriorating economic and social conditions, women are（17）by the tasks of managing everyday life and looking after their families.The IPU stresses the general lack of child-care facilities — often（18）a privileged few — the reluctance of political parties to change the times and running of meetings and the weak backing women receive from their families. That support, which is（19）as well as financial, is all the more vital because women have internalized（20）images of themselves since the dawn of time and often suffer from low self-confidence.

Able to go almost anywhere, even over the mountainous Allegheny barrier, the railroad（）terrain and weather.

The road outside the school is a menace to the children’s safety. The underlined part means（）.

There’s always intense media coverage of airplane crashes and that can really play into people’s fears and skew their perceptions of how safe it is to fly. The underlined part means（）.

John will（）if the firm needs an IT engineer because he can encode programs for the firm.

The old man’s face is（）the lines of pressure and exhaustion that have accumulated over the years.

Some of the ideas are very simple and sound intuitively plausible. The underlined part means（）.

Some organizations find themselves faced with new product opportunities, or with projects that have a（）starting and ending point.

There have been many ups and downs for Air Canada, but the company continues to control the majority of the domestic market. The underlined part means（）.

I can’t work with you（）all the time. Go away.

Humans differ from other species（）we possess history as well as prehistory, hundreds and hundreds of diverse cultures and subcultures, and the possibility of informed, conscious choice.

Directions: Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Write a short essay entitled “My view on the importance of reading” following the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words.1. The decline of book reading.2. The reasons why it is important to read books.

Directions: Translate the following passage into English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.42. 我认为，人之首要任务便是设法自立，如此，就能免除他人负担其生活。另外，学会严谨、细心的态度从事有意义的工作，其本身就是非常重要的一课，在其他一切人生追求中能体现出它的作用。当你想做其他事情，却仍能投身于你不喜欢的工作，这种习惯是无价的。假若年轻时，我能够培养自己有这个习惯，就能避免浪费许多时间了。

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