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Directions: Write an essay with at least 250 English words on the given topic below: You should have your own point of view and it should be developed with sufficient supporting points.Job hoppers are those who frequently change jobs. Job hopping can be extremely advantageous for certain types of people—in order to keep their skills fresh, technologists have to remain current in a highly competitive market. Amid a slowdown in the economic growth due to the outbreak of COVID-19, employers started to shun the job hoppers this year. A big percentage of employers will simply reject the candidate if they find traces indicating job hopping in the resumes. They wouldn’t even give an interview. The employers hold that their employee should seek more stable development in several years. Only in this way can the employee improve adaptability, gain persistence and grasp basic skill sets required for the job.In your writing you should:1. Summarize different viewpoints;2. Express your opinion towards job hopping, especially on whether job hopping would benefit your career development.Marks will be awarded for content organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your viewpoints on the ANSWER SHEET.Your title: ______________________________________________________________________

Geographic proximity is also a key tailor. The closer the place, the more newsworthy the event is. A major catastrophe from the other side of the world will be in the news. In contrast, a minor crime or accident may be reported in the place where it happens but not one hundred miles away. The issue of proximity can also apply to cultural associations. In the English-language media, a story from an English-speaking nation is likely to be considered more newsworthy than a similar story from a non-English speaking nation. When floods in northeastern Australia in late 2010 killed more than 40 people and left many homeless, it was reported at length in English-language media around the world. When flooding and the resulting mudslides killed almost 600 people in Cuba, the media coverage was much less extensive.

Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body, and deprived of it we suffer a metal affliction as disfiguring as rickets. The space and quiet that idleness provides is a necessary condition for standing back from life and seeing it whole, for making unexpected connections and waiting for the wild summer lightning strikes of inspiration-it is. Paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done. Idle dreaming is often of the essence of what we do. Archimedes’ “Eureka” in the bath, Newton’s apple, and the benzene ring: history is full of stories of inspirations that come in idle moments and dreams.

中国光伏发电的激励政策主要有两大类，初始投资补贴政策和固定上网电价政策。初始投资补贴政策主要适用于中小型光伏发电系统，如，太阳光电建筑示范项目（简称为“太阳能屋顶计划”）；对于大型光伏电站项目，采取一个项目一种上网电价（即有区别地制定具体项目的电价）的审批政策。

节约能源是中国经济和社会实现可持续发展的重要前提条件，中国能源以煤为主，在一次能源消费中煤炭的比重为70%左右。电力工业是一次能源转换行业，将多种形式的一次能源转换成电能，并输送供电能终端用户使用。在全国年发电量中，燃煤发电占的比重接近80%，而且这种格局还将存在于今后相当长的一个时期。因此，电力工业是能源节约和开发利用清洁能源的重点领域和节能减排潜力较大的行业，其能源的节约，特别是降低煤炭资源等化石能源的消耗，对于促进全国节能降耗、污染减排，对于生态环境的保护具有十分重要的意义。

They are young, smart and brash. They may wear flip-flops to the office or listen to iPods at their desks. This is generation Y, a force of as many as 70 million, and the first wave is taking their place in an increasingly multigenerational workplace.Get ready, because this generation whose members have not just yet hit 30 is different from any that have come before. This age group is moving into the labor force during a time of major demographic change, as companies around the USA face an aging workforce. Sixty-year-olds are working besides 20-year-olds. Freshly minted college graduates are overseeing employees old enough to be their parents. And new job entrants are changing careers faster than college students change their majors, creating frustration for employers struggling to retain and recruit talented high performers.Unlike boomers who tend to put a high priority on career, today’s youngest workers are more interested in making their jobs accommodate their family and personal lives. They want their jobs with flexibility, telecommunicating options and the ability to go part time or leave the workforce temporarily when children are in the picture. “There’s a higher value on self-fulfillment,” says Diana Diego, 24, who works on college campuses helping prepare students for the working world. “After 9/11, there is a realization that life is short. You value it more.”Generation Yers do not expect to stay in a job, or even a careen for too long. They have seen the scandals that imploded Enron and Arthur Andersen, and they are skeptical when it comes to such concepts as employee loyalty. They also believe in their own self-worth and value that they are not shy about trying to change the companies they work for.“They’re like Generation X on steroids,” Jordan Kaplan say, “They walk in with high expectations for themselves, their employer, their boss. If you thought you saw a clash when generation X comes into the workplace, that was the fake punch. The haymaker is coming now.”A recent example is a young woman who just started a job at a cereal company. She showed up the first day with a recipe for a new cereal shed invented.In the workplace, conflicts can arise over a host of issues, even seemingly innocuous subjects such as appearance, as a generation used to casual fare such as flip-flops and capri pants finds more traditional attire is required at the office.And then there is Gen Y’s total comfort with technology. While boomers may expect an in-person meeting on important topics, younger workers may prefer virtual problem solving.Employers are examining new ways to recruit and retain and trying to sell younger workers on their workplace flexibility and other qualities generally attractive to Gen Y.Aflac, an insurer based in Columbus, Ga., is highlighting such perks as time off given as awards, and recognition.Xerox is using the slogan “Express Yourself” as a way to describe its culture to recruits in the hope of appealing to Gen Y’s desire to develop solutions and change.1. What does Gen Y refer to?2. What makes today’s US employers frustrated according to the passage?3. What does the example about the young woman who showed up the first day in the company with n recipe for a new cereal she’d invented shows us?4. Which of the following is not mentioned as the characteristic of Gen Yers?5. What is the author’s purpose of employing examples of Aflac and Xerox?

In recent years, human development professionals have debated amidst considerable controversy, both in the field and in the public sphere the appropriate role of competition in the lives of youth.Competition is clearly a part of human nature. While some cultures are more competitive than others, universal elements of competition cut across many cultures. For example, competition for resources in the forms of food, jobs, living quarters, and general status in society is prevalent, to some degree, in most cultures. So, competition clearly exists. Exactly how competition motivates young people, however, is much less clear. According to some studies, competition among preteens enables them to compare their skills against the skills of their peers. Competition as a means of social comparison appears to help young people to find their niches. As soon as this is established, they can refine and specialize their skills.However, the bulk of research points to the improved social conditions associated with cooperation as opposed to competition. Competition often generates internal social conflict, while cooperation often generates group harmony and enhanced productivity.Promoting structured competition among young children may be particularly harmful. In fact, children younger than nine years of age do not handling winning and losing well, and repeatedly exposing them to highly competitive situations may negatively affect the development of their self-worth and identity.In addition, competition may lead to an over-reliance on external rewards. While scientific studies have connected intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation with competition, all you need to do is observe what motivates those around you. Financial reward is clearly associated with the level of effort dedicated to the task. When external rewards become the primary motivator for children, adults quickly offer assistance and unfortunately, the ugly side of competition once again rears its ugly head.We observe daily how competition brings out ugly behavior in us. The tennis phenom who throws a racquet curses an adult official, and refuses to acknowledge fan support demonstrate ugly behavior.Out-of-control competition is simply ugly. Parents, adults, and young people may lose their perspectives when the stakes are high. The mildest-mannered father or mother may scream like a maniac at the finals of the local soccer tournament. Or, children may be allowed to exhibit displays of disrespect toward adult officials that would never be tolerated at home or at school. The context of the competition seems to excuse or suspend normal expectations of civility.Competition is never all good, all bad, or all ugly; its value is contextually determined. Every effort must be made to evaluate competitive systems and specific competitive situations to determine their impact on the holistic development of children.1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?2. Which of the following statements is not the adverse effect of competition?3. What is the author’s attitude toward competition?4. What can we do to determine whether competition is good or ugly?5. How do you understand “the ugly side of competition once again rears its ugly head.” in paragraph 5?

I spent some of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct. There were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone. So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? I believe it is. But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden?Such questions make me uneasy about promoting wildlife conservation in impoverished nations. Nevertheless, I believe that we can and should do a great deal. People in poor countries should not be asked to choose between their own short-term survival and long-term environmental needs. It their government are willing to protect the environment, the money needed should come from international sources. To me, the choice is clear, either the more affluent world helps now or the world as a whole will lose out.Of course, we must be careful not to allow the establishment of slush funds or rely on short-term, haphazard handouts that would probably do to waste. We need a permanent global endowment devoted to wildlife protection, funded primarily by the governments of the industrial nations and international aid agencies. The principal could remain invested in the donor nations as the interest flowed steadily into conservation efforts.A major challenge for the 21st century is to preserve as much of our natural estate as possible. Let us call upon the world’s richest nations to provide the money to make that possible. That would not be a contribution to charity; it would be an investment in the future of humanity and all life on Earth.1. What was the purpose of the author’s research work on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana?2. What makes it difficult for us to deal with the extinction crisis?3. What way is suggested by the author for poor countries to protect the environment?4. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?5. How does the author sound toward the issue in writing this passage?

The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration”. By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance, and future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the mapping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5000 miles journey.The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a “dead continent” now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.1. When did men begin to explore the Antarctic?2. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the Antarctic continent is true?3. The most healthy climate in the world is ______.4. What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?5. What is planned for the continent?

Directions: You are required to write a composition on the title: “Self-discipline” (自强不息) with no less than 150 English words.

The powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket. The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head. The body is packed with gunpowder which is fuel. It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle. A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle. A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.When the gun powder burns, hot gases or exhaust gases rush out of the nozzle. The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns. When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards. This is called jet propulsion. The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion.

凡事应该适度。适度是最安全的。以学生生活为例，有些学生太努力，而玩得太少；还有些学生玩得太多，学习得太少。前者由于缺少体育锻炼而弄坏了身体。后者则由于玩得太多而损害了智力。在饮食方面，也必须要适度。不要吃得太多或太少。吃得太多你会生病；而吃得太少你会虚弱。能取得进步的人是那些思想既不太保守而又不太激进的人。处于前一种情况，他裹足不前，而处于后一种情况，他就东闯西闯——没有一个明确的目标。心胸宽广的人总是在合理的范围内活动。在生活中无论什么样的活动，适度是通向享受真正幸福的最好途径之一。

Now which are the animals really to be pitied in captivity? First, those clever beings whose lively urge for activity can find no outlet behind the bars of the cage. This is most conspicuous, even for the uninitiated, in the case of animals which, when living in a free state, are accustomed to roaming about widely. Owing to this frustrated desire, foxes and wolves housed, in many old-fashioned zoos, in cages which are far too small, are among the most pitiable of all caged animals.Though pinioned swans generally seem happy, under proper care, by hatching and tearing their young without any trouble, at migration time things become different: they repeatedly swim to the lee side of the pond, in order to have the whole extent of its surface at their disposal, trying to take off. Again and again the grand preparations end in a pathetic flutter of their half wings; a truly sorry picture!This, however, rarely awakens the pity of the zoo visitor, least of all when such an originally highly intelligent and mentally alert animal has deteriorated, in confinement, into a crazy idiot, a very caricature of its former self. Sentimental old ladies, the fanatical sponsors of the societies for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, have no compunction in keeping a grey parrot in a relatively small cage or even chained to a perch. Together with the large corvines, the parrots are probably the only birds which suffer from that state of mind, common to prisoners, namely, boredom.1. What is an “outlet” in the context of this passage?2. According to the author in the first paragraph, what animals suffer most in captivity?3. What effect does confinement have on clever animals, according to the text?

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up in 1988 to assess information on climate change and its impact. Its Third Assessment Report predicts global temperature rises by 2100 of between 1.4℃ and 5.8℃. Although the issue of the changing climate is very complex and some changes are uncertain, temperature rises are expected to affect countries throughout the world and have a knock-on effect with sea-level rises.Scientists have argued about whether temperature rises are due to human activities or due to natural changes in our environment. The IPCC announced in 2001 that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is likely to be attributable to human activities”. This was a more forceful statement than in 1996 when the Second Assessment Report stated that there was a “discernible human influence on the climate” which was the first time they had concluded such a link. Many experts believe the faster the climate changes, the greater the risk will be. Key points of the projections for climate change globally include that by the second half of the 21st century, wintertime rainfall in the northern mid to high latitudes and Antarctica will rise, that meanwhile Australia, Central America and southern Africa are likely to see decreases in autumn precipitation, that some land areas in the tropics will see more rainfall, and that there will generally be more hot days over land areas.1. IPCC probably does not _.2. According to the author, climate researchers .3. The IPCC announcement three years ago that “most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is __”.4. Which statement was more forceful?

IBM has just announced the invention of the PAN—Personal Area Network—a set of devices that use humans as conductors to relay detailed textual information from one person to another, simply by touch. It is a relatively small conceptual step from the PAN processor that relays a written message through one’s body by a shake of the hand to a microcell sensory transmission system that relays ideas and sensations directly to and from the most powerful processor in the world, the human brain.Within a few decades, PAN-type research will transform the Internet into the Life Net, a comprehensive sensory environment for human habitation. Our minds will be afforded wireless direct sensory interfacing with other people and various databases. A dramatically enhanced version of what we now call virtual reality will become as common as air conditioning. Telephones, TVs, PCs, and other media will be replaced by wireless sensory feeds from and to communal microcells.People return to the Internet each day not from addiction, but because they can craft a new identity for themselves—any identity they choose. Or they can participate in experiences that are otherwise beyond their reach. Consider the impact of a technology affording a lifestyle in which you can go wherever you want to go and be whoever you want to be.Today’s office and service workers have diminished physical capabilities, but are better educated. The Life Net will accelerate this trend. The need to survive while spending weeks, months, or years on the Net would be drastically reduced.Resource depletion resulting from overpopulation will cease to be a major issue when we are subsisting on 600 calories a day in a sensory reality where we can eat all we want. Our mansions will be built in our minds, and our future Ferrairs will be driven along the roads of our collective imaginations. Our minds will work and play in ways now beyond our conception.Time constraints dissolve when we can communicate effortlessly anywhere in the world. Humans will require less sleep, since we will need only the time to file and store the information that our brains have collected, and not to rest physical bodies. The physical body will deteriorate to a state where a return to robust health would take months—if possible at all.These technologies will be inexpensive. Life Net participation will consume far fewer resources than an automobile, and reduce our housing and other needs. This will help the Life Net expand into Third World countries. The equipment required for the microcellular sensory transmission technology will be modular, redundant, and like that for the Internet, incrementally inexpensive. Countries with overcrowding and famine would embrace the Life Net. Their resources would be extended, and planners would likely program the system to minimize the population’s reproductive drive.People will still have jobs. There will be lots of work to do. People will want to consume the newest experiential sensations. Some food will need to be prepared, and equipment manufactured. Government will be divided into Geographical, Physical and Communicative. The responsibilities of the geographic governments will be to defend land masses and keep order in the physical world as much as they do today. The responsibilities of the communicative governments will be to administer, regulate and defend cyberspace.The communicative government will also be responsible for maintaining the input-output microcells. Various online services are already functioning as a form of communicative government today—with their monthly fees as taxes. As they mature, these communicative governments will develop better defenses against cyberspace terrorism, which may come from large and potentially violent anti-technology cults.Some people will have to remain physically active and strong, because of the nature of their labor. Tools and equipment will always break down and need repair, and some operations and experiments will require a hands-on approach. Manufactures, natural resource harvesters, and explorers of all sorts are likely to be visitors to the Life Net, rather than residents.Manufacturing will be dramatically reduced, because few people will need cars, clothing, physical tools, or countless other physical objects. Natural resource harvesters will work in every field from farming to mining. Yet as with manufacturing, the need for harvesting will decrease.Fifty years from now, reality will consist of some wonderful things, some beautiful things, and some deeply frightening things.1. Which of the following statements about the PAN is true?2. What would people do in future?3. The word “conception” in para.5 probably means ___.4. The Life Net has all the following advantages except _.5. The passage provides information to answer _____.6. What can we infer from the passage?7. What will the manufacturing reduction result from in future?8. What’s the passage mainly about?

In a way, all of us are on a spaceship-the planet Earth. We move around the sun _1_ 18 miles per second and never stop. On our spaceship, we have 5 billion people and limited supply of air, water and land. The _2_ have to be used carefully because we can’t buy new air, water or land from _3_ else.The environment on our planet is a closed system. Nothing new is ever added. Nature _4_ its resources. Water, for example, evaporates and _5_ as rain or snow. The rain that falls today is actually the same water fell on the _6_ 70 million years ago.Today, the earth is in trouble. Factories _7_ dirty water into our rivers, many fish die and water becomes unhealthy for people to drink. Cars and factories put poisons _8_ the air and cause plants, animals and people to get sick. People throw bottles and paper out of their car windows and roadside becomes covered with all sorts of wastes. Over the years people have changed environment and we have pollution.To continue to _9_, we must learn how to use the earth resources wisely. We have to change our _10_ and stop dropping such enormous amounts of industrial waste into the water and air. We must cooperate with nature and learn better ways to use, not abuse our environment.

An action that is ______ rewarded as soon as it is performed is well on its way to becoming a habit.

Among the more common scenes are those in the courtyards of apartment buildings where the children play, while their elders gossip on benches, and young people ______ to listen to music.

General George Washington and his hungry, ______ troops crossed the Delaware River from Pennsylvania, surprised the garrison of German mercenaries on Trenton, and captured the city.

One of the most common techniques is to add alloying elements that ______ the corrosion.

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