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In this part you are to comment upon the following utterance by a 12-year-oldCanadian girl who was challenging the important persons when she said, “I could be a child starving in Somalia，or victim of war in the Middle East, or a beggar in India. I am only a child, yet I know, if all the money spent on war was spent on finding environmental answers, ending poverty and finding treaties, what a wonderful place this earth will be! At school, even in kindergartens, you teach us how Io behave in the world. You teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the things that you tell us not to do?”You should give your own title, and write at least 300 words about environmental woes, the underlying policies etc. You can either describe with a purpose or support your thesis statement by developing adequately. Please write your statements on your Answer Sheet

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of America’s immigration law Monday---a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws compiled with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong extensively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. （5分）How did the human scamp（放浪者）begin his ascent to civilization? What were the first signs of promise in him, or of his developing intelligence? The answer is undoubtedly to be found in man’s playful curiosity, in his first efforts to fumble with his hands and turn everything inside out to examine it, as a monkey in his idle moments turns the eyelid or the earlobe of a fellow monkey, looking for lice or for nothing at all—just turning about for turning about’ s sake.（4分）Looking back now, I feel as though fate had set out that day to teach me a lesson. And it succeeded. Just a few feet past him, I managed to find the only ice patch on the sidewalk. As I slipped, I tried to position myself so the impact would occur on my hip and thigh, but unfortunately my aim was about as good as my judgment of character, and I managed to land square on my right knee.（3分）India is now being caricatured as a nation of predatory brains set on stealing American jobs---and good jobs, to boot. This strong reaction to the shifting of jobs is spawning pained frustration in India, a country the United States was cheering not so long ago as it began to open a largely socialist, closed economy and enter the global arena.（3分）

今诸生学于太学(the Imperial College)，县官(the royal court)日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵《诗》《书》，无奔走之劳矣；有司业(Directors of Studies)、博士之师，未有问而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精，德有不成者，非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉？(5分)人们为梦想而斗争，正如为财产而斗争一样。于是梦想即由幻想的世界走进了现实的世界，而成为了我们生命中的一个真实力量。梦想无论怎样模糊，总潜伏在我们心底，使我们的心境永远得不到宁静，直到这些梦想成为事实为止；像种子在底下一样，一定要萌芽滋长，伸出地面来，寻找阳光。(4分)目前是研究在交叉文化与多种文化方面人类的相似性的最好时机了。差异谈得够多了。强调我们的差异使我们人类彼此疏远，使我们长久地相互猜疑；在极端的情况下加深我们的分歧使我们彼此否定，失去人性结果是导致相互残杀。(3分)刑事侦破(forensic)科学家的工作，与其说是迅速和富于洞察力，不如说是更为缓慢，更具有分析性的。但这种方法所展示出的高质量与谨慎可由如下事实得以反映出来：只有少数案件真正会成为审判室的主要案件。鉴于在预审中被告所听到的刑侦证据之确凿，他们常常折服于证明他们有罪的有分量的科学信息，并且在审判还未开始之前就低头认罪。（3分）

In the spring of 2010, fiscal austerity became fashionable. I use the term advisedly: the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasn’t based on any kind of careful analysis. It was more like a fad, something everyone professed to believe because that was what the in-crowd was saying.And it’s a fad that has been fading lately, as evidence has accumulated that the lessons of the past remain relevant, that trying to balance budgets in the face of high unemployment and falling inflation is still a really bad idea. Most notably, the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment because it reassures consumers and businesses; but multiple studies of historical record, including one by the International Monetary Fund, have shown that this claim has no basis in reality.No widespread fad ever passes, however, without leaving some fashion victims in its wake. In this case, the victims are the people of Britain, who have the misfortune to be ruled by a government that took office at the height of the austerity fad and won’t admit that it was wrong. Britain, like America, is suffering from the aftermath of a housing and debt bubble. Its problems are compounded by London’s role as an international financial center: Britain came to rely on too much on profits from wheeling and dealing to drive its economy---and on financial-industry tax payments to pay for government programs.Over-reliance on the financial industry largely explains why Britain, which came into the crisis with relatively low public debt, has seen its budget deficit soar to 11 percent of GD.P. --- slightly worse than the U.S. deficit. And there’s no question that Britain will eventually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases. The operative word here should, however, be “eventually.” Fiscal austerity will depress the economy further unless it can be offset by a fall in interest rates. Right now, interest rates in Britain, as in America, are already very low, with little room to fall further. The sensible thing, then, is to devise a plan for putting the nation’s fiscal house in order, while waiting until a solid economic recovery is under way before wielding the ax.But trendy fashion, almost by definition, isn’t sensible---and the British government seems determined to ignore the lessons of history. Both the new British budget announced on Wednesday and the rhetoric that accompanied the announcement might have come straight from the desk of Andrew Mellon, the Treasury secretary who told President Herbert Hoover to fight the Depression by liquidating the farmers, liquidating the workers, and driving down wages. Or if you prefer more British precedents, it echoes the Snowden budget of 1931, which tried to restore confidence but ended up deepening the economic crisis.The British government’s plan is bold, say the pundits---and so it is. But it boldly goes in exactly the wrong direction. It would cut government employment by 490,000 workers---the equivalent of almost three million layoffs in the United States---at a time when the private sector is in no position to provide alternative employment. It would slash spending at a time when private demand isn’t at all ready to take up the slack. Why is the British government doing this? The real reason has a lot to do with ideology: the Tories are using the deficit as an excuse to downsize the welfare state. But the official rationale is that there is no alternative.What happens now? Maybe Britain will get lucky, and something will come along to rescue the economy. But the best guess is that Britain in 2011 will look like Britain in 1931, or the United States in 1937, or Japan in 1997. That is, premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slump. As always, those who refuse to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.1.The “fiscal austerity” refers to （）.2.By saying “the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth”，the author means （）.3.What is wrong with the current government’s financial policy?4.By mentioning Andrew Mellon, the author implies that （）.5.To the author, the practice of fiscal austerity will certainly lead to （）.

The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects --- a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen --- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.”George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death, “It’s like surgery，’’ he says, “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for asserting and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompletely managed and should result in license suspension.”1.From the first three paragraphs, we can learn that （）_.2.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?3.According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is （）.4.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they （）.

Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don’t have unpredictable things, you don’t have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals but history is filled with examples of it.In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought. I’ve attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.” “We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”1.The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that （）.2.The author asserts that scientists （）.3.It seems that some young scientists （）.4.The author implies that the results of scientific research （）.

If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over one’s destiny --- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition --- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the bam door after the horses have escaped --- with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs --- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply; the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meal in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.1. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if （）_.2. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is （）.3. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because （）.4. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained （）_.

Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo’s 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics--- but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason，” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists，philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & Worm Report last May seemed to suggest.The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ‘antiscience’ can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened?”1.The word “schism” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means （）.2.Paragraph 2 and 3 are written to （）.3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?4.The author’s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience’’ is （）.

Here in the US, before agricultural activities destroyed the natural balance, there were great migrations of Rocky Mountain locusts. Great migrating hordes of these insects once darkened the skies on the plains east of the Rockies where crops were often destroyed; the worst years were those from 1874 to 1877. One of these migrating swarms was estimated to contain 124 million locusts. During another migration in Nebraska it was estimated the swarm of locusts averaged half a mile high and was 100 miles wide and 300 miles long. Usually, these swarms take off from the ground against the wind, but, once airborne, they turn and fly with it. Warm convection currents help to lift them often to great heights. During the great locust plagues the situation became so serious that the original state constitution had to be rewritten to take care of the economic problems. The new document was known as “Grasshopper Constitution”. It is now believed that these locusts were a migratory form or phase of the lesser migratory locust, which is still common there. In this respect, the North American migratory locusts resemble their African relatives. In both regions the migratory forms arise as a result of crowding and climatic factors. Migratory forms are apparently natural adaptations which bring about dispersal when locust populations become too crowded. Fortunately for our farmers, the migratory form, the so-called spretus species, no longer seems to occur regularly, although there was a serious outbreak as late as 1938 in mid-western United States and Canada. Actually, there is no reason why the destructive migratory form might not again appear if circumstances should become favorable.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? 2.It can be inferred from the passage that the state constitution of Nebraska was rewritten in order to （）.3.According to the passage, North American and African migratory locusts are similar in that （）.4.The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

Please write an essay in no less than 300 words on the topic Mobile Instant Messaging, Today & Tomorrow. Mobile instant messaging has become one of the most popular platforms among people of different ages for interpersonal communication across time and space. Please 1) figure out the dominant factors of mobile instant messaging, 2) name its great impact on the psychological, behavioral, and social life of the youth respectively, 3) and predict the trend of its future or tomorrow. Your score will be given according to the three aspects underlined above. Please write your answer on your Answer Sheet.

品德的高尚与美好所达到的程度可能与对美的感受程度成正比。欣赏美的能力不仅增加了我们快乐的来源，也加强了我们德性的修养。社区教育课程建设是社区教育发展的必然产物，科学适宜的系列教育课程是有效实施社区教育的基础。其课程建设应以满足社区发展需求的多样化为根本。礼仪之于社会犹如衣着之于个人。人若不穿衣服，就会一丝不挂，令人耻笑，必然导致道德败坏。假定社会是一列火车，礼仪就好比轨道，火车只能沿着它隆隆前进。假定社会是一辆贵宾车，礼仪就好比轮子与轴，马车只有靠它们才能滚滚前进。

As a global institute, Mobile Studies-connects policy-makers, practitioners and professors of mobile media and communication across cultures and countries. Leveraging its combined academic and industrial expertise, Mobile Studies offers its unique services to the mobile world. Interdisciplinary and comparative in approach, Mobile Studies, shares academic research with the mobile industry, industry insights with-the academic community, and timely enlightenment with the mobile public.Solution-oriented and industry-based, our studies focus on identifying issues and locating solutions besides theoretical constructions and policy recommendations. Interdisciplinary and comparative, the results of our studies are shared through Mobile Campus, co-organized Mobile Workshops and other channels to offer customized courses and services from different perspectives.Believe it or not, most people don't breathe correctly and this can contribute to a feeling of lethargy. But by using the diaphragm - the muscle that inflates and deflates the lungs — you inhale and exhale more efficiently. Consciously relax your jaw, throat, shoulders and upper chest.A music show from Hunan Satellite TV named I'm a Singer has been gaining popularity since the heat from Voice of China gradually cooled. The show invites professional musicians to compete. Rather than using the traditionally underdogs-become-famous format, it is up to the 500 audience members to decide the fate of the stars on stage. Let's check out how the adaption of a classic love song to rock' n' roll introduce us to the emotional world of rock music.

Coffee can be considered one of nature’s greatest gifts, it gives mental and emotional（1）without harmful side effects, and it （2） a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is （3）their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, （4）some believe coffee isn’t good for you at all.Well, coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is （5 ）. Moderate consumption of coffee （6）your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are responsible （7） eliminating free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does, something. A small number of them can help serve （8）a buffer against negative elements, if they aren’t（9）in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesn’t happen.The psychological effects of caffeine cannot be （10）either. Not only does caffeine make you more（11）, but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling （12） or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change your （13）. The stack of work that seemed impossible before isn’t even a problem now. （14）, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the body’s functioning. That’s why coffee is often（15）with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs （16）to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get high off of crack or when they get drunk off of alcohol. They won't be （17） at all. But with coffee, an individual gets a creative boost（18）still helping their bodies. In conclusion, don't feel bad when you’re brewing your morning cup of coffee.（19）a can of soda or a shot of alcohol, coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume the beverage in （20）.

No form of government in the world is （）; each system reflects the history and present needs of the region or the nation.

My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any（） on what he promises.

Employees are （）to join the company’s pension plan after a year’s service.

Almost all libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within their （） now.

The hotel could not （） a party of thirty because almost all its rooms were booked.

Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to （）the impact of the oil spill.

A healthy and better-educated new generation is a （）for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.

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