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Directions: Write a short essay of about 300 words on the following topic. Do remember to provide a title for your essay, Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.Nowadays, more and more young people prefer online shopping. Have you ever had such experiences? Comment on this trend by analyzing its advantages and disadvantages.

I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if hadn't been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise, I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me---a potential to live, you might call it ― which I didn't see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If 1 hadn't been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball, I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. ‘I can't use this.’ I said. ‘Take it with you’, he urged me, ‘and roll it around’. The words stuck in my head. ‘Roll it around?’. By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.1.The author of the story lost his eyesight by accident when he was four years old. T/F2.The author thinks that he is very lucky to have become blind because he can do something more meaningful now. T/F3.The author began to adjust himself to the reality of being blind with the help of his parents and teachers. T/F4.The author was never afraid of making any adjustments and his private world thus became more meaningful. T/F5.The author would have become a useless person if he had not learned to believe in himself. T/F6.As a blind man, the author was very nervous every time he went down an unfamiliar staircase alone. T/F7.Once the author was given an indoor baseball, and he felt deeply hurt and became suspicious of people around. T/F8.Learning to play ground ball is just one of the most elementary things that helped strengthen his assurance. T/F9.Whatever goal he set ahead of himself, he was always successful. T/F10.The story tells us that a person can always do something meaningful despite some imperfections in himself or herself. T/F

The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces.（1） , "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment.A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. （2） . Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. （3） Some countries are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country’s people. （4） . A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. （5） .Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process, says a report released today by the National Education Commission on Time and Learning.The commission's report, titled "Prisoners of Time," calls the fixed clock and calendar in American education a "fundamental design flaw” in desperate need of change. "Time should serve children instead of children serving time," the report says.The two-year commission found that holding American students to "world-class standards" will require more time for classroom instruction. "We have been asking the impassible of our students---that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subjects," it states.The Commission compared the relationships between time and learning in Japan, Germany, and the United States and found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. On average, American students can earn a high school diploma if they spend only 41 percent of their school time on academics, says the report.American students spend an average of three hours a day on “core” academics such as English, math, science, and history, the commission found. Their report recommends offering a minimum of 5.5 hours of academics every school day.The nine-member commission also recommends lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours."If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services, they should keep school doors open longer each day and each year," says John Hodge Jones, superintendent of schools in Murfreesboro, Tenn., and chairman of the commission.The typical school year in American public schools is 180 days. Eleven states allow school years of 175 days or less, and only one state requires more than 180 days."For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools," says Milton Goldberg, executive director of the commission. “But…if reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museums—an exhibit from our education past"1.Compared with the academic courses more than a hundred years ago, the academic courses now（）.2.The researches by the commission mentioned in the passage are most concerned about（）.3.As is mentioned in the passage, schools in the United States do the following EXCEPT（）.4.American students differ from those in Japan, Germany in that（）.5.Executive director of the commission Milton Goldberg would most probably agree that（）.

How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion. Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy's hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times; the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion house.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!1.The author thinks that people are（）. 2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（） .3. Causes of fashions are（） .4.Present day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（） .5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A Professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise jar and proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.So the Professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then asked the students again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.The Professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else. He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous "Yes".The Professor then produced two cans of beer from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar, effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed.“Now,” said the Professor, as the laughter subsided, “I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life.”The golf balls are the important things—your family, your children, your health, your friends, your favorite passions ― things that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full.The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car. The sand is everything else—the small stuff."“If you put the sand into the jar first”, he continued, "there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical to your happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your partner out to dinner. Play another 18. There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal. Take care of the golf balls first, the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The rest is just sand."When he had finished, there was a profound silence. Then one of the students raised her hand and with a puzzled expression, inquired what was the beer represented.The Professor smiled. "I’m glad you asked. It just goes to show you that no matter how full your life may seem, there's always room for a couple of beers."Lesson: When things in your life seem almost too much to handle, when 24 hours in a day are not enough, remember the mayonnaise jar...and the beer.1.The professor illustrated his point by（） .2.When the professor poured the beer into the jar, the students most probably would not（） .3.The author tends to compare house cleaning to （）.4.The professor employed the beer to signify（） .5.By writing the story, the author intends to be（） .

Acting is such an overcrowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is "Don't!" But it is useless to try to discourage someone （1） feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are （2） . The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and （3） are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young （4） or actress takes up work with a play company, usually as assistant stage manager. This means （5） everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the clothes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very （6） work indeed, the hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are （7） ,waiting for the chance of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.Of course, some people have unusual chances, which lead to （8） and success （9） this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to （10） sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he （11） past in his big car. He told the bus driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her （12） she would like to go to the film company to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer （13） minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the company the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading（14） in a film, which made her well-known overnight （15） the country. Of course, she was given a dramatic name, which is now world famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!

Directions: Write a short essay of about 300 words on the following topic. Do remember to provide a title for your essay. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe the best way is through personal experience.Compare the advantages of these two different ways. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference.

Researchers are trying to tell parents something about what kinds of video games children should be playing and how much time they should spend doing it. A new study concludes what you've already suspected: Young boys who play video games do worse on tests than children who don’t. Researchers who followed 64 boys from the ages of 6 to 9 for four months discovered that those who received a new PlayStation II gaming system earned lower reading and writing test scores than children who did not get the video game player. This comes on the heels of another recently reported study about video games, which concluded that kids who play violent video games become more aggressive and less caring ― regardless of age, sex or culture ― than young people who don't play these games.The study on the effects of video games on schoolwork was conducted by Denison University associate professors Rebert Weis and Brittany Cerankosky, who graduated from Denison in 2008. It is called "Effects of Video-Game Ownership on Young Boys' Academic and Behavioral Functioning", and will be published in Psychological Science.Boys who received the system also showed greater teacher-reported academic problems at follow-up than children in the comparison group. The researchers followed 64 young boys over four months. Parents of the 64 were promised a PlayStation II gaming system in exchange for their participation, plus three E rated games. But half the families were given the video gaming system immediately and half were promised it after four months. The children underwent a battery of tests before and after the four months and parents and teachers answered questions about how the boys behaved in school and at home.The conclusions show that, boys who were the first to get the Play Stations spent more time playing video games than the boys who didn't get it immediately—39.3 minutes versus 9.3 minutes. (The boys who didn't get the gaming system right away played at a friend's house). Boys who were given the Play Stations right away spent 18.2 minutes a day in after-school academic activities versus 31.6 minutes for the kids who weren't. The boys who had the video games immediately achieved lower reading and writing test scores than those who didn't. But the Play Stations seemed to have no effect on the boys' math and problem solving skills.Cerankosky said in a statement on the Denison University Web site that there isn’t "necessarily something inherent in video games that negatively affect kids." "It's an activity that detracts from time that could be spent on school work,” she said. If you are wondering why we needed a study to tell us that, the researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always accurate, and it is important to prove such beliefs through experimentation.1.The first paragraph implies that Evaluation is needed before buying children video games. T/F2.According to researchers, a new PlayStation II gaming system helped students improve their reading and writing test scores. T/F3.The effect on young girls who play violent video games proves to be less serious than that on young boys who play the same violent video games. T/F4.The two researchers on the effects of video games on schoolwork are Denison University graduates. T/F5.Parents of the 64 boys who were chosen for the study were immediately given a PlayStation II gaming system in exchange for their participation. T/F6.The 64 boys chosen were given a series of tests before and after the four-months research. T/F7.The boys who didn't get the gaming system right away played at a friend's house, but they played it for a much shorter time. T/F8.The boys who had the video games immediately achieved much lower test scores on math than those who didn't. T/F9.The study shows if kids spent the time on schoolwork that they wasted on games, they could do better on reading and writing. T/F10.The researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always correct. T/F

The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces. （1） . "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and, clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment.A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. （2） . Some region of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate, other regions possess none of them. （3） . Some countries are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country’s people. （4） A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. （5） . Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But in fact it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.What is the main idea of the passage?2.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?3.It can be inferred from the passage that（）.4.The word "daunting" in the third paragraph means（）.5.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?

One of the great things about covering technology is that if you hang around long enough, you get to write the same stories all over again. In 1987, when I first started on the tech beat, desktop PCs were a big deal. Today the excitement has moved to mobile devices, also known as smart phones. Watching this new market unfold is a bit like seeing one of those movies where they've taken an old classic and remade it with new stars but the same script.Now, as then, a smaller device is displacing a bigger one. Now, as then, the platform remains somewhat primitive but is evolving rapidly, Hardware makers are trying to figure out which user interface works best. Software makers are dreaming up new ways to use machines that even their creators could not have imagined. Now, as then, a new ecosystem is arising, with disruptive technology creating new powerhouses and threatening the survival of market leaders.The most striking Groundhog Day moment for me involves Apple. Back in 1984, Apple leapt way ahead in the PC market when it released the original Macintosh, the first popular computer to employ a graphical user interface. It took Microsoft six years to come up with something that could compare to the Mac, in the form of Windows 3.0. Six years! For all that time, Apple had the market to itself. Nevertheless, Windows took over the world and now holds more than 90 percent market share, while Apple squeaks by with less than 5 percent worldwide.Cut to the mobile phone market, today. In June 2007, Apple introduced the iPhone, a device that was so far beyond everything else in the market that even now, two and a half years later, nothing can beat it. To be sure, Nokia and Research in Motion still hold a greater share of the smart phone market than Apple does, but their aging software platforms look obsolete next to Apple's.The question is, will Apple do with the iPhone what it did with the Mac? Will it leap out to a technological lead and then find a way to clutch defeat from the jaws of victory? Or has Apple learned from its previous experience and figured out a way to turn its superior design and wonderful technology into market domination?Probably Apple's biggest blunder with the Mac was refusing to let other companies license its software. The thing is, Apple CEO Steve Jobs is a control freak who believes in keeping the software tightly coupled to the hardware. In his mind, this is the only way to guarantee that you'll give customers a terrific experience.Microsoft took the opposite approach, letting any PC maker license the Windows operating system. There's a tradeoff here Microsoft couldn't control the user's experience. But its decision led to greater diversity of machines, and lower prices. For most of the world, cheap machines that were "good enough" trumped Apple's prices, perfectionist, and control-freak approach.1.What can we infer from the covering technology market? 2.According to the author, the original Macintosh（）.3.As to the mobile phone market today,（）.4. Apple CEO Steve Jobs holds the idea that（）.5.What can we learn from Microsoft's approach?

Bringing up children is hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions. Ms. Harris takes to beat the assumption which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.Ms. Harris's attack on the developmentalists, “nurture” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, arc no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes? Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tense or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though as it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Hams argues, be keen to appear like their contemporaries. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open door: They may initially choose the peers with whom their children associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that people's child-rearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.1.According to Ms. Harris,（）.2.Which of the following views would the development a lists agree with?3.Which of the following statements summarizes the main point of Paragraph three?4.The word "ditched" (Para 4) could best be replaced by （）.5.What is the author's main purpose?

Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community,（1） supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drug stores. These selections make a （2） in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play.When a good assortment of food in （3） amounts is selected and eaten, the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to （4） one to be as active as he needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable, the （5） are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both.Studies of diets of individuals in the United States （6） that food selection is a highly individual matter, even among young children. Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day and are either now （7） with the consequences or will be（8） the future.Nutritionists and （9） in allied professions have been（10） about helping people learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can（11） to a good diet.Most people believe that they are（12） — that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is really poor in one respect or （13） . Milk and milk products, such as cheese, ice-cream, （14） , and yogurt, are often neglected. Then people may leave out in their diets many fruits and vegetables, （15） those that are good sources of vitamins A and C. These include dark green leafy vegetables; deep yellow vegetables; and citrus fruits and vegetables, such as cabbages, tomatoes, and green peppers.

Suppose you will take part in a class debate next week, and you are given the debate question "What should be in people's diet, to have what one just wants or to just eat healthy food?"Write a speech for the debate and clarify your own viewpoint towards whatever your position will be (just one position). But be sure that your argument will be supported with ample examples or evidence. Do remember to provide a title for your speech.The length of your speech is expected to be between 250 and 300 words. Write your speech on the ANSWER SHEET.

When Spanish explorers first entered the area now known as Hollywood, Native Americans were living in the canyons of the Santa Monica Mountains. Before long, the Indians had been moved to missions and the land which Hollywood now occupies was divided in two by the Spanish Government. Acreage to the west became part of Rancho La Brea and settlements to the East became Rancho Los Feliz.By the 1870s an agricultural community flourished in the area and crops ranging from hay and grain to subtropical bananas and pineapples were thriving. During the 1880s, the Ranchos were sub-divided. In 1886, H. H. Wilcox bought an area of Rancho La Brea that his wife then christened "Hollywood". Within a few years, Wilcox had devised a grid plan for his new community, paved Prospect Avenue (now Hollywood Boulevard) for his main street and was selling large residential lots to Wealthy Midwesterners looking to build homes so they could "winter in California".Prospect Avenue soon became a prestigious residential street populated with large Queen Anne, Victorian, and Mission Revival houses. Mrs. Daeida Wilcox raised funds to build churches, schools and a library and Hollywood quickly became a complete and prosperous community. The community incorporated in 1903, but its independence was short-lived, as the lack of water forced annexation in 1910 to the city of Los Angeles, which had a surplus supply of water.In 1911, the Nestor Company opened Hollywood's first film studio in an old tavern on the comer of Sunset and Gower. Not long thereafter Cecil B. DeMille and D. W. Griffith began making movie in the area drawn to the community for its open space and moderate climate.The needs of this thriving new industry created radical changes in the community, causing a clash between older and newer residents. Acres of agricultural land south of what-is-now Hollywood Boulevard were subdivided and developed as housing for the enormous numbers of workers that movie-making required.High-rise commercial buildings began to spring up along Hollywood Boulevard, three competing real-estate interests caused concentrations of development at Highland, Cahuenga, and at Vine. It wasn't long before nearly all the homes along the Boulevard were replaced by commercial buildings linking the three comers.Banks, restaurants, clubs and movie palaces sprang up, catering to the demands of the burgeoning film industry during the 1920s and 1930s. The architectural styles of the buildings were representative of those most popular between the World Wars. Banks were typically designed in the more formal Beaux Arts styles, but other buildings in the community took on more playful personalitiesThe ornamental Spanish Colonial Revival style reflected Hollywood's self-conscious extravagance while the new Art Deco and Modern styles fit the community's aspirations for glamour and sophistication.Hollywood has been anything but static, however, and after a few decades as the capital of film glamour, the neighborhood changed again. Although much of the studio work remained in Hollywood, many stars moved to Beverly Hills, and the elegant shops and restaurants left with them.In the 1960s, music recording studios and offices began moving to Hollywood, an offshoot of the nightclubs further west on Sunset Boulevard. Other businesses, however, continued to migrate to different parts of the city. Hollywood today is a diverse, vital and active community striving to preserve the elegant buildings from its past. Much of the movie industry remains in the area, although the neighborhood's outward appearance has changed.In 1985, the Hollywood Boulevard commercial and entertainment district was officially listed in the National Register of Historic Places protecting the neighborhood’s important buildings and seeing to it that the significance of Hollywood's past would always be a part of its future.1.The area now known as Hollywood was first inhabited by Native Americans. T/F2.By the 1870s, people who settled down in that area began to grow all kinds of crops and fruit. T/F3.Wilcox bought an area of Rancho La Brea and named it "Hollywood" after his wife. T/F4.Wealthy Midwesterners bought residential lots along the Prospect Avenue to build winter homes in California. T/F5.Hollywood had to become part of the city of Los Angeles because of its short supply of water. T/F6.Cecil B. DeMille and D. W. Griffith began making movies in Hollywood before Nestor Company opened its first film studio there. T/F7.The thriving Film industry in the 1920s and 1930s led to the appearance of large numbers of banks, restaurants, clubs and movie palaces in Hollywood. T/F8.The ornamental Spanish Colonial Revival style reflected Hollywood's aspirations for glamour and sophistication. T/F9.Hollywood has remained in constant change. T/F10.Hollywood Boulevard commercial and entertainment district was officially listed in the National Register of Historic Places to protect its old but elegant buildings.T/F

Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where altitudes are concerned（1） . In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workers' jobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. （2） , having given his wife her “housekeeping”，would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is ― inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as a most important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws have made it less necessary than before to worry about "tomorrow". （3） .In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position. （4） . They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations.（5） As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will reappear, but between different groups.

The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays— not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry's and our recognition that protecting mankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.1.We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because （）.2.The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is（）.3.The word "tunnel-visioned" (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means “（）”.4.Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?5. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?

New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It's now a "global village" where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skillsDeeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being "out of sight and out of mind." He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company's plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United Sates where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent.Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn't generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the country's principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.1.What is the author’s attitude toward high tech communications equipment? 2.With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, business people（）.3.In this passage, "out of sight and out of mind" (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means（）.4.According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?5.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can（）.

The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validityThere is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers and governments.The behaviors under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behavior are almost a norm. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behavior and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place. Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favor candidates with integrity and positive ethical behavior---if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance. Medical school should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behavior of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential. It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of integrity. Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one. The development of a school's culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing. Moreover, the school's examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm，fair, transparent, and consistent.1.What does the author say about cheating in medical schools? 2.According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because（）.3.What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?4.According to the author, what precautions should medical schools take to prevent students from cheating?5.The author will probably agree with which of the following statements?

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