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Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic On Academic Dishonesty in no less than 250 words.

Directions: There are two passages in this part with 5 sentences underlined. You are required to translate those sentences from English into Chinese. Read the following short passages carefully and ONLY translate the 5 sentences that are underlined.

Directions: There are two passages in this part with 5 sentences underlined. You are required to translate those sentences from English into Chinese. Read the following short passages carefully and ONLY translate the 5 sentences that are underlined.

Predicting the future is risky business for a scientist. It is safe to say, however, that the global AIDS epidemic will get much worse before it gets any better. Sadly, this modern plague will be with us for several generations, despite major scientific advances.As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic has claimed 15 million lives and left 40 million people living with a viral infection that slowly but relentlessly erodes the immune system. Accounting for more than 3 million deaths in the past year alone, the AIDS virus has become the deadliest microbe in the world, more lethal than even TB and malaria. There are 34 developing countries where the prevalence of this infection is 2% or greater. In Africa nearly a dozen countries have a rate higher than 10%, including four southern African nations in which a quarter of the people are infected. And the situation continues to worsen; more than 6 million new infections appeared in 1999. This is like condemning 16,000 people each day to a slow and miserable death.Fortunately, the AIDS story has not been all gloom and doom. Less than two years after AIDS was recognized, the guilty agent — human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV — was identified. We now know more about HIV than about any other virus, and 14 AIDS drugs have been developed and licensed in the U.S. and Western Europe.The epidemic continues to rage, however, in South America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year 2025, AIDS will be by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life expectancy to as low as 40 years in some countries and single-handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years.It is Asia, with its huge population at risk, that will have the biggest impact on the global spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the pandemic could range from 100 million to 1 billion, depending largely on what happens in India and China. Four million people have already become HIV-positive in India, and infection is likely to reach several percent in a population of 1 billion. Half a million Chinese are now infected; the trajectory of China’s epidemic, however, is less certain.An explosive AIDS epidemic in the U.S. is unlikely. Instead, HIV infection will continue to fester in about 0.5% of the population. But the complexion of the epidemic will change. New HIV infections will occur predominately in the underclass, with rates 10 times as high in minority groups. Nevertheless, American patients will live quality lives for decades, thanks to advances in medical research. Dozens of powerful and well-tolerated AIDS drugs will be developed, as will novel means to restore the immune system.A cure for AIDS by the year 2025 is not inconceivable. But constrained by economic reality, these therapeutic advances will have only limited benefit outside the U.S. and Western Europe.1. Which is the best title for this text? 2. The phrase “gloom and doom” (L1, Para.3) probably means （）3. Which of the following statistics is correct according to the text?4. We can learn from the text that （）5. According to the author, the cure for AIDS will probably mainly depends on （）

Conventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of die planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of the developed world’s environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants’ well-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered craps might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists’ campaign against pollution in poor countries, they are often accused of naivety. Such countries, the critics say, have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty.But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are not about potential problems in the next century, but about indisputable harm being caused today by, above all, contaminated water and polluted air. The survey will argue that, contrary to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm. In most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supply have failed to keep up with the number of extra people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water, and water contaminated by sewage is estimated to kill some 2 million children every year. Throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, forests are disappearing, causing not just long-term concern about climate change but also immediate economic damage. Forest fires in Indonesia in 1997 produced a huge blanket of smog that enveloped much of South-East Asia and kept the tourists away. It could happen again, and probably will.Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritation: it imposes a heavy economic cost. A World Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the country’s GDP. Another study estimated the health costs of air pollution in Jakarta and Bangkok in the early 1990s at around 10% of these cities’ income. These are no more than educated guesses, but whichever way the sums are done, the cost is not negligible.1. It is conventionally thought that （）.2. Critics of campaign against pollution in poor countries hold that poor countries should care more about （）3. It can be inferred from the text that （）.4. Disappearing forests throughout Latin America, Asia and Africa can cause （）.5. The text is written for the purpose of （）

“War is hell,” said General Sherman, a commander in the American Civil War. This statement accurately describes the bloody campaign that he waged. Yet it was this war which marked the beginning of the modern laws of warfare. At the end of the Civil War in 1865 Henry Wirz, a former confederate officer, was tried and convicted for ill-treating and murdering prisoners.There had been rules before, but this war saw the introduction of a formal and comprehensive code to guide troops in the field. These ideas have been progressively refined, first in The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, and then in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and 1977.Armies have often adopted procedures for the punishment of war criminals. Initially, they were designed to discipline soldiers and were mostly conducted by the authorities of the state to which the offenders belonged. However, towards the end of the Second World War, it became clear that the outrages committed by the Nazi regime in Germany — such as the Holocaust, in which an estimated six million Jews were killed — and by the Japanese were so great that those responsible should, in a sense, be tried by all mankind. Thus, in October 1943, two years before the end of the Second World War, representatives of the Allied nations, led by Britain and the United States, met in London and established a commission to investigate such outrages.Three categories of offence were established, which loosely, came to be defined as “war crimes”. They were: crimes against peace, such as the plotting of war against non-aggressive countries; violations of the customs and laws of war, such as the murder of prisoners, hostages and civilians; and crimes against humanity, which include extermination, enslavement and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population. With the Germans defeated, the Allied leaders decided to try Nazi leaders for a series of war crimes. The first session of the hearing took place in Berlin in October 1945. Charges were lodged against 24 former Nazi leaders. They were charged with crimes against peace, war crimes, genocide, and the wanton destruction of towns and cities.In November 1945 the hearings were moved to the German town of Nuremberg. Three of the defendants were acquitted; twelve were sentenced to death; three were sentenced to life imprisonment; and four were sentenced to imprisonment for between ten and twenty years. The decision of the tribunal was unanimous. A similar trial was also held of Japanese war leaders and 25 of them were convicted for crimes committed in Asia.1. General Sherman（）.2. In 1943, （）.3. War crimes doesn’t include （）.4. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?5. The best title for this passage is（）.

Most British newspapers are not necessarily careful about language, but they are careful about bad words anyway. The phrase “family newspaper” is an inevitable part of our lives. Newspapers are not in the business of giving unjustified offence. It is a limitation of newspaper writing, and everybody in the business, whether writing or reading, understands and accepts. There are many other necessary limitations, and most of these concern time and space.Newspapers have dominated sportswriting in Britain for years. But ten years ago, a new player entered the game. This was the phenomenon of men’s magazines. GQ was the pioneer and it leads the way still, leaving the rest panting distantly in its wake.Sports, of course, a blindingly obvious subject for a men’s magazine — but it could not be tackled in a blindingly obvious way. Certainly, one of the first things GQ was able to offer was a new way of writing about sport, but this was not so much a cunning plan as a necessity. The magazine was doomed, as it were, to offer a whole new range of freedoms to its sportswriters. Freedom of vocabulary was simply the most obvious one and, inevitably, it appealed to the schoolboy within us. But space and time were the others, and these possibilities meant that the craft of sportswriting had to be reinvented.Unlike newspapers, a magazine can offer a decent length of time to research and to write. These are, you would think, luxuries — especially to those of us who are often required to read an 800-word match report over the telephone the instant the final whistle has gone. No one expects a masterpiece under such circumstances. But a long magazine deadline gives you the disconcerting and agoraphobic freedom to research, to write, to think.GQ is not restricted by the same conventions of reader expectation as a newspaper. You need not worry about offending people or alienating them; the whole ethos of the magazine is that readers are there to be challenged. There will be readers who would find some of its pieces offensive or even impossible in a newspaper, or even in a different magazine. But the same readers will read the piece in GQ and find it enthralling.That is because the magazine is always slightly uncomfortable to be with. It is not like a cozy member of the family, nor even like a friend. It is the strong, self-opinionated person that you can never quite make up your mind whether you like or not. You admire him, but you are slightly uneasy with him. The people around him might not altogether approve of everything he says; some might not care for him at all. But they feel compelled to listen. The self-confidence is too compelling. And just when you think be is beginning to become rather a bore, he surprises you with his genuine intelligence. He makes a broad joke, and then suddenly he is demanding you follow him in the turning of an intellectual somersault.1. What does the writer say about newspapers in the first paragraph?2. What does the writer imply in the second paragraph?3. Why were sportswriters for GQ given new freedoms?4. Why can’t writers for GQ use the same methods as writers for newspapers?5. The writer likens GQ magazine to a person who（）

Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving goodbye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing our friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives — usually the richer — who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.1. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably （）.2. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their （）.3. In countries other than their own, most Americans （）.4. According to the author, Americans’ cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will （）.5. The author’s intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that （）.

Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time passes, however, the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimulation that is of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organizing information, one can improve the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long term storage.When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in “rote rehearsal”. By repeating something over and over again, we are able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, you might attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call, you will forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term to long term memory. A better way is to practice “elaborate rehearsal”. This involves assigning semantic meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or recall. Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often. However, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.1. According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?2. How do theorists believe a person can remember more information in a short time?3. Why does the author mention a dog’s bark?4. Which of the following is true about retrieving information?5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

One of the most dangerous drugs for pregnant women to consume is alcohol. Because alcohol is (1) quickly into the blood and passes quickly into the (2) and membranes, the human fetus is particularly (3) to its effect. In fact, the negative effects on a fetus are so (4) that babies born after (5) to alcohol are said to be suffering from fetal alcohol (6).(7) a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, the alcohol, is passed into the bloodstream almost (8). Moreover, because the bloodstream of the fetus is (9) that of the mother, the alcohol passes directly into the fetus as well. (10), what’s more, the (11) of alcohol in the fetus is exactly the same as in the mother.For the mother, this concentration is not a problem because her liver can (12) one ounce of alcohol from her system per hour. However, the fetus’ liver is not completely (13). The rate at which it is able to (14) the alcohol from the blood of the fetus is much slower. (15), the alcohol will be returned to the mother’s system by passing across the placenta, but this process is slow. By the time this (16), major neurological damage may have already (17). Research has shown that as little as one drink of alcohol can produce significant, (18) damage to the fetus.Babies born after exposure to alcohol generally (19) facial distortion, inability to concentrate, and difficulty in remembering. Simply speaking, it is (20) that pregnant women avoid alcohol.

Directions: In this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic My View on Professional Ethics for Intellectuals in no less than 250 words. (20 points)

Directions: Read the following two texts carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Directions: Read the following two texts carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

There’s a great story about an old Finnish woman who, without quite realizing it, was using her cell-phone to access the Internet and track her city’s public transit system. When asked why she used the wireless Internet so frequently, she replied, “What are you talking about? I don’t know anything about this wireless Internet stuff, I just know the bus is here.”Regardless of whether you want to admit it, a lot of us are like that old Finnish woman. When it comes to new mobile applications, many of us do not realize the capability and power that we hold, literally, in our hands.What we’re looking at today is the mobile Internet in its infancy. Now that using the Internet from home or work has saturated much of society, the next logical step is to be able to use the Net when you’re away from your desktop or laptop. Speech recognition is one way to do this, and there are a number of services, collectively called the ‘voice Web’, that will make this possible. All you do is use a phone or wireless device to call a phone number, and speak commands to an intuitive system. It will then give you the information you’re seeking, using either a synthesized voice or an audio file.In the United States and Europe, the hot technology for wireless devices is called WAP (Wireless Application Protocol), which is being considered as the world standard. WAP is supported by major phone companies including Nokia, Motorola and Ericsson, and is simply a means of transmitting information, much like HTML is a means of communicating on the Internet.Currently, wireless Internet connections may give you news, sports scores, stock quotes, and the weather if you’re lucky. But if you’ve ever used this technology, you know it’s slow, costly and doesn’t seem worth the time and effort, if it works at all. “The mobile Internet was never designed to take over surfing the Web from a computer,” explains Cherie Gary, spokes-woman at Nokia.All of this technology points to easier living. Perhaps you’ll need to find a restaurant for an occasional business meeting. You’ll press a button on your mobile phone, and access the Internet to pull up a list of great restaurants in your immediate area. You’ll hit another button, say a few words into the handset and you’ve got a reservation for four. 1. The author uses the story of an old Finnish woman to indicate that（）2. The word “saturate” (L.2, Para.3) most probably means（）3. According to the text, WAP is （）4. We can infer from the text that mobile Internet is different from the previous Internet in that（）5. What is the attitude of the author towards the future of mobile Internet?

Many of us are fearful of making changes in our work lives—fear is a natural human condition. We feel less threatened when we stick with the familiar. As long as we are receiving a paycheck, we tolerate the dissatisfaction. Better to just play it safe.But the safety net we preserve requires a big trade-off. It often denies us the opportunity to experience work that makes us happy, that is consistent with our desires while still meeting our monetary needs. Yet many of us strap ourselves into jobs in which the only reward is money. We breed cynicism when we treat our work as nothing more than a financial equation, a necessity we tolerate in order to acquire funds to live, with the hope of somehow achieving success and happiness along the way. That’s really most of us want to be happy. We spend 80,000 hours of our lives at work. Yet, we view happiness as something to be achieved “outside” of work. We hire ourselves out on Monday through Friday and “live” for the weekends.Most of us didn’t choose our careers to fulfill a purpose or mission. On the contrary, we just looked for “a good job with a good company,” reflecting such criteria as pay, title and security. We reasoned that if we could “get a foot in the door” and work hard, our careers would grow over time, actually, that our careers and work lives would just happen “by accident.” Because of this, many of us have careers today that are just “accidents waiting to happen.” Everyday business decisions, a reorganization plan, an acquisition by another comply, a relocation out of the country of the company, can throw our work lives into danger. But despite this uncertainty, some of us still cling to our jobs, dissatisfying as they may be. Can’t take that risk!“Hanging on” involves risk too. For when we sacrifice pleasure for pay, our work lacks dignity, uses our energy and, ultimately, breaks our spirit. An unhappy, unfulfilled work life contributes to an unhappy, unfulfilled personal life. Happiness in work, as happiness in love, demands a measure of risk.Author Marsha Simetar suggests that if you “do what you love, the money will follow.” Certainly this may seem a bit risky, perhaps idealistic, but it is undoubtedly true that people who love what they do find ways to make the most money.1. From the first paragraph we learn that （）2. By saying that “the safety net we preserve requires a big trade-off” (paragraph 2, line 1) the（）3. We learn from the text that（）4. According to the text, when the changes throw our work lives into danger, we will usually（）5. The purpose of the author in writing the text is to （）

Sometime around 621 BC, a legislator named Draco appeared on the Athenian scene and made the laws that substituted public justice for personal revenge. His laws were so severe that the legislator has been immortalized by the word “draconian”. These laws held for only a quarter of a century until Solon, who came to be called the founder of Athenian democracy, abolished the death penalty for everything but murder. Solon also carried out constitutional reforms that set up free election and brought all classes, except slaves, into the process of government. And so democracy began.A hundred years later democracy and everything else Greece had built up were threatened by Persia. The first of Persia’s expeditions took place in 490 BC when its army arrived at Marathon, near Athens. This was the event where a Greek soldier ran the 27 miles back to Athens, managed to cry out, “We have won”, then collapsed and died.In their second expedition the Persians were matched by the genius of Themistocles, an Athenian leader who made his people nervous by going out and building a huge fleet rather than an army. However, he turned out to be right. The Persians were blasted off the sea at the battle of Salamis, off the coast near Athens.Athens, now a naval power, was headed for its golden age. Its ruler at this time, around the middle of the fifth century BC, was Pericles, the most dazzling speaker. He practiced democracy at home. One of his not-so-smart decisions was to restrict Athenian citizenship to people whose mother and father were both Athenians.It was Pericles who built the Parthenon. This was quite a time for Athens. While Pericles was building his Parthenon, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides were writing their plays and Socrates and Plato were teaching.Athens was then involved in the Peloponnesian War with Sparta and 27 years of fighting led to Athens’ defeat in 404 BC. But victorious Sparta’s influence lasted only 30 years after, it was then ruled by Macedonia, a kingdom in the north of Greece.Philip of Macedon’s ambition was to unify all of Greece, restore Greek culture to Macedon, and eliminate Persia as a lingering threat. Next in line in the throne was his first wife’s son, Alexander the Greats, who had studied under Aristotle. Alexander’s death marked the end of the great classical period of Greece, in literature, philosophy and art.1. Which of the following best defines the word “draconian” (L.3, Para.1)?2. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?3. From the last two paragraphs, we lean that （）4. Solon and Pericles share one similarity, which is that they both （）5. The best title for this text may be （）

Confessions by Islamic fundamentalists under the command of Bin Laden’ s deputy, have revealed bow—years before the September 11 attacks—the terrorists established sleeper cells across the western world and were planning complicated attacks.In more than 10,000 pages of Egyptian state security documents, Britain is named as one of the key bases of Al-Zawahift’ s Islamic Jihad organization. Three leading member of its ruling council were based in London and it was also an important fundraising center, making money through fanning and even restoring houses in London.Among the terrorist leader’s agents living in America in the early 1990s were a communications specialist, a special forcer officer, two wealthy doctors and a chain of fundraisers. One operative with American citizenship, codenamed Adam, was planted in the United States in 1987 and then helped to co-ordinate communications, send false documentation and finance terrorists. Adam, the son of an Egypt Air pilot, was also instructed to get flight training. Another agent, a former Egyptian special forces officer, worked with the American army before providing personal security advice to Bin Laden in Sudan in 1992. Compiled by the Egyptian Defense Ministry, the documents provide the most authoritative account yet of the Islamic Jihad organization and of Al-Zawahiri, whom many suspect the inspiration behind the September 11 attacks. One of the most important hijackers, Mohammed Atta, was an Egyptian from Cairo. He, too, is suspected of being a member of Al-Zawahiri organization.The documents reveal how Islamic Jihad, now considered part of Bin Laden’ s Al-Qaeda network, was being funded in Egypt from Bin Laden’ s personal fortune from the early 1990s. A base in Santa Clara, California, was used from 1990 to coordinate communications with terrorists’ Cells around the world, including Bin Laden’ s Sudanese base. Other operatives were based in New York. American army manuals and topographical maps were translated into Arabic for terrorist training. Sources of funds of the terrorist network included the sugar trade and sheep rearing in Albania as well as the renovation of old houses in London.Hani Al-Sibai, a third alleged member of the shura at that time, lives with his wife and five children in Hammersmith, west London. Sources say he has split with Al-Zawahiri, at least since 1999. Al-Sibai, a lawyer, denies any link with Islamic Jihad. He said he had known Al-Zawahiri in the past but was himself a “quiet man” who had never committed a crime.1. According to the text, confessions of Islamic fundamentalists tells how （）2. From the text, we learn that （）3. The text suggests that （）4. According to Egyptian Defense Ministry, who is the suspect of September 11 attacks?5. By saying that he himself is a “quiet man”, Al-Sibai means that （）

At first, the new business plan seemed counterintuitive—if not a quick route to bankruptcy. Koreans who ordered products from LG Home Shopping, a television shopping channel hawking everything from jewelry to cookware, could return them no questions asked and get a refund even before the items were collected from their home. All deliveries were free. And the new plan was launched in the depths of the Asian financial crisis in 1998.Little wonder that everyone including his staff thought LG Home Shopping Chief Executive Choi Yung Jae has a screw looses. Even as Choi offered one of the best bargains in Korea, he refused to sacrifice quality. One day, he appeared at a Seoul warehouse for a spot inspection—and canceled orders from nearly 70% of LG’s suppliers. “Customer trust will make or break our business,” he declared. Not long after, Choi set up a fax line in his office to handle customer complaints directly. Complaints poured in. “But then,” says LG manager Shin Hyung Bum, “six months later he started getting complimentary faxes.” Executives are confident that sales will jump another 50% next year.Choi is still getting them. In 1998, LG Home Shopping earned its first profit as sales tripled to $169 million. The channel, which airs around the clock and prices items up to one-third cheaper than department stores, has thrived ever since. Despite the global slowdown, the company predicts sales of $ 779 million this year, up 68% from 2000.LG takes advantage of Korean demographics. Knowing that most middle-class women are homemakers, it has focused its marketing on females in their 30s and 40s. And delivery costs are minimal because nearly half of Korea’s 14.3 million families reside in apartment blocks. The operation is also resolutely up-market, in contrast to similar U.S. channels. Because most cable-TV subscribers in Korea are well-to-do, LG sells no item for less than $ 23, which it figures is the minimum it can charge and still make a 4% margin after covering delivery. On average, LG shoppers spend $110 per order, triple what U.S. TV shoppers spend.Rivals acknowledge Choi’s contribution to electronic shopping, which has accounted for 3% of Korea’s $90 billion retail market. “The whole industry is indebted to Choi’s pioneering campaign,” says Samsung Vice-President Suh Kang Ho, who heads the chaebol’s Internet Shopping division. “The big question is if LG can keep its growth in the face of tougher competition.”1. Which of the following best defines the word “counterintuitive” (L. 1, Para. 1)?2. By saying that “Choi Yung Jae has a screw looses” (L. 2, Para.2), the author means that（）.3. In the views of Choi（）4. From the text, we can infer that（）5. What is the attitude of Suh Kang Ho towards the future growth of LG?

More than two million films lie in storerooms around the world, some of them so badly damaged that they can no longer be screened. If nothing is done, they could disappear for good, like half the films made in the US before 1950. But research promises an automated technique, to restore these old films to their former glory. Films can be cleaned chemically or by using ultrasound. But this is time-consuming and expensive, and chemicals can also damage the original films. Another approach is to digitize the film and then clean up the digital version frame by frame—a terrible job. When Disney cleaned up Snow White for release on DVD, for instance, graphic artists worked in shifts on 40 computers day and night for 18 weeks.“These computer-aided techniques remain very expensive,” says Samia Boukir, who started work on an automated system, “only an automated system can hope to salvage the archive of deteriorating films.”Once a film has been scanned in, the first stage of the process is to find dust spots. They usually occur only on single frames, so the system looks for small spots that are visible on one frame and absent on its neighbors. The software repairs the image by sampling the unspoilt area of the image on the adjacent frames and replacing the dust spot with an average of the sampled picture element.Detecting scratches is more complicated because they may run over several frames and can be confused with vertical lines that are part of the film. But a telltale pattern often gives them away: scratches are normally caused by the mechanical parts of a projector rubbing on the film, so they tend to repeat at regular intervals.The system looks for a periodic pattern of this type from frame to frame, predicting when it should occur in the subsequent frames. Having identified the scratch and its duration, the software then repairs the damage by taking picture element from undamaged frames before and after the scratch. This smoothing effect avoids any sharp edges in the restored image.Once restored, the digitized films can be viewed by future generations without risking more damage to the original by running it through a projector. “Film has a hundred-year history, but the knowledge of how to store it properly is only 15 years old,” says Godfrey Pye of Sunset Digital, a Hollywood-based company.1. From the second paragraph we learn that（）.2. What is Samia Boukir’s attitude towards automated restoration of the film?3. What is the characteristic of the distribution of dust spots on the films?4. The following statements is the reasons why scratches are hard to be detected.（）5. By saying that “without risking more damage to the original by running it through a projector”, (L.1-2, Para. 7) the author means that（）

Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and his company did away with all that and parents have been (1) ever since. The child’s happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, (2) what about the parents’ happiness? Parents suffer continually from fear and guilt while their children (3) romp about pulling the place apart. A good “old-fashioned” spanking is out of the (4): no modern child-rearing (5) would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed (6) to shout. Who knows what deep (7) wounds you might inflict. The poor child may never recover from the dreadful traumatic (8). So it is that parents (9) to avoid giving their children complexes (10) a hundred years ago hadn’t even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive (11) of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.Psychologists have succeeded in (12) parent’ confidence in their own authority. And it hasn’t taken children long to get wind of the fact. (13) the great modern classics on child-care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited (14) flying about, mum and dad just don’t know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parent’ lives are (15) according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears develop into (16), they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent (17) against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, (18), parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely (19) the fun. What else can the poor parents do but (20)?

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