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In much of the American South in the 1950s, the first rows of seats on city buses were for white people only. Black people sat in the（61）of the bus. Both groups could sit in a middle area（62）, black people sitting in that part of the bus were （63）to leave their seats if a white person wanted to sit there.Rosa Parks and three other black people（64）in the middle area of the bus when a white person got on the bus and wanted a seat. The bus driver（65）that all four black people leave their seats so the white person would not have to sit next to any of（66）. The three other blacks got up, but Mrs. Parks （67）. She was arrested.Some popular stories about that（68）include the statement that Rosa Parks refused to leave her seat because her feet were tired. But she（69）said in later years that this was（70）.What she was really（71）she said, was accepting unequal treatment. She explained later that this seemed to be the place for her to stop being pushed（72）and to find out what human rights she had, if any.A group of black activist women in Montgomery was known（73）the Women's Political Council. The group was working to oppose the（74）of black bus passengers. Blacks had been arrested and even killed for（75）orders from bus drivers. Rosa Parks was not the first black person to refuse to（76）a seat on the bus for a white person. But black groups in Montgomery considered her to be the right citizen around（77）to build a protest because she was one of the finest citizens of the city.The women's group immediately（78）all blacks in the city to refuse to ride on city buses on the day of Mrs. Parks's trial, Monday, December 15. The result was that forty thousand people walked and（79）other（80）on that day.

Translate the following sentences into English.1.由于没有具体证据可供利用，为探寻戏剧的起源，人们首先只能凭推测。2.对于很多人而言，罗马至多不过是对希腊更大规模地模仿和延续，希腊是发明者，而罗马则是研究和发展的分支。3.大多数时候，仅仅是因为无法核实身份，这些惹是生非的个体躲在一个个假名字后面，保护自己不受其行为的影响。4.园林不只是房屋的补充。园林满足了更高层次的生活需求，而这种功能只有艺术才能实现。5.更进一步说，也有人认为这个问题与乐观与悲观的争论无关，我们必须转变看待和思考问题的方式。

Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.2. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regular design and by the powerful Roman cement, the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls.3. When this kind of damaging activity is carried out online, how can the offender ever be held accountable for their actions when they are almost entirely untraceable in a virtual world?4. The harmony of man and nature in the flow of the great stream of rhythm makes the Chinese garden more than something merely secular. It is true that no one would look upon the Chinese garden as a religious structure.5. We anticipate a personal loss will be more painful than an identical gain will be pleasant, so the benefit of winning must be disproportionately large for us to take a bet.

Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people（1）believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical（2）by drug（3）. They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is（4）the more neutral term substance abuse is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used （5）“drug abuse” to（6）that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully（7）as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is（8）: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be（9）, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in（10）will produce（11）effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual（12）. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased （13）, with more and more of the substance（14）to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasan（15）symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs (substances) that（16）the central nervous system and（17）perception, mood and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system,（18）depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their（19）effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifestation”) because they seemed to（20）alter one’s state of consciousness.

The white（）backed by white officers and native troops, was competent and generally well disposed toward the welfare of the Indian peasant masses.

A censor’s duty is to ensure that no content is（）in publications or films.

The girl（）the doll to her bosom which now was her only possession in the world.

The threat of a general strike was（）only by prompt government action.

The Space Age（）in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.

To prevent flooding in winter the water flowing from the dam is constantly（）by a computer.

Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were（）.

The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only（）familiarity with technology.

We should make a clear（）between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.

Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession men are in the（）.

I was deeply impressed by the hostess’s（）and enjoyed the dinner party very much.

The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national（）.

Although he has had no formal education, he is one of the（）businessmen in the company.

Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was（）in tropical countries.

His（）directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.

There was once an（）idea that the earth was flat and motionless.

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