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我们相聚在世界经济版图持续变化和全球增长动力大转型的重要时刻。这一转变带来挑战和不确定性，同时也蕴含机遇。

国际社会也期待中美关系能够不断改善和发展。中美两国合作好了，就可以做世界稳定的压舱石、世界和平的助推器。

The pride we feel when someone from our nation wins a Nobel Prize is different from the one we feel witnessing one of our athletes winning an Olympic medal. We don’t feel the pride of our tribe demonstrating superiority over other tribes. Rather, it’s the pride that comes from knowing that one of us has made a significant contribution to our common human endeavor.

Recognizing the detrimental effects of corruption and illicit finance flows on equitable allocation of public resources, sustainable economic growth, the integrity of the global financial system and the rule of law, we will reinforce the G20’s efforts to enhance international cooperation against corruption, while fully respecting international law, human rights and the rule of law as well as the sovereignty of each country.

In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence. Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologist, geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing, wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doctors, disease such as polio measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine, our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations, it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society; however, they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.1. In the first paragraph the author implies that we .2. The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate .3. Nothing, according to the author, can match the invention of the computer in term of .4. The author seems to be unhappy about .5. The author’s tone in the passage is __.

Intensive requirements, rather than content, distinguish master’s-level courses from undergraduate courses. The content is specialized, but often no more so than in upper-level undergraduate courses in British Commonwealth or European universities. First-year American graduate students are, in a sense, catching up. Yet they are also learning to work under more pressure than undergraduates in the United States of elsewhere.It is not quite accurate to equate first-year graduate study with the master’s degree; in addition, most master’s programs require more than a year’s work, and more than course work. They can be equated in their purpose: to acquaint the student with the literature, the current ideas, the methodologies, etc., of his or her field. The first-year of graduate study is best characterized, then, as a reading program.All in all, the master’s program is less easily defined than undergraduate curricula. The number of residence credits may be effectively determined by an accrediting agency (评审机构) and will vary from field to field. In some curricula (e.g. clinical psychology), a mandatory internship or practical training leads to 2 to 3 years of study, whereas an M.B.A may be completed in 18 months. The final requirement in a master’s program may be a thesis, a comprehensive exam, or both, or course papers collected and bound as a thesis-substitute. There may or may not be a foreign language requirement.The master’s degree itself may be defined as a certificate of competence in a reasonably specialized field. We may note here that many American educators oppose narrow specialization at master’s and even at doctoral level; they complain of highly trained engineers who know nothing of the social sciences, of physicians who don’t understand human psychology, and of literature Ph.D.’s who ignorant of science. Effective graduate education, in this view, is the process of learning to find data, to evaluate it, and to organize it meaningfully.1. First-year American graduate students .2. It is suggested that .3. In order to get M.B.A, you must __.4. Which one of the following final requirements is necessary in master’s program?5. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned?

Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk as far as possible. It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.1. Pruning is probably usually done to .2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener .3. Why is a special material painted on the tree?4. A good gardener prunes a tree __.5. What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage?

One of the major pleasures（1）life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to（2）it. Appetite is the（3）of living: it is one of the（4）that tells you that you are still curious to exist, that you still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its multitudinous（5）and juices.（6）appetite, of course, I don’t mean just the desire for food, but any condition of（7）desire, any burning in the blood that proves you want more than you’ve got, and that you haven’t yet（8）your life. Wilde said he felt sorry for those who never got their heart’s desire, but sorrier（9）for those who did. I got mine once only, and it nearly killed me, and I’ve always preferred wanting（10）since.For appetite, for me, is this state of wanting, which keeps one’s（11）alive. I remember learning this lesson long ago as a child, when treats and orgies were（12）, and when I discovered that the（13）pitch of happiness was not in actually eating a toffee, but in（14）it beforehand. True, the first bite was delicious, （15）once the toffee was gone one was left with nothing, neither toffee nor lust. So, for me, one of the keenest（16）of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction. In this condition, of course, I know that the object of desire is always at its most flawlessly（17）, which is why I would carry the preservation of appetite（18）of deliberate fasting, simply because I think that appetite is（19）to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned（20）insensibility by satiation and over-doing it.

When department stores have an oversupply of goods, they frequently（）prices to encourage sales.

人的发展和物的发展是社会发展的两大基本形态，这两大形态的发展是既相互依存又相对独立的。以人为本的价值理念在对待人与物的关系上，要求以人为中心，以物为工具和手段，坚持用人的发展来规范和控制物的发展，使物的发展适合和满足人的需要。

Most of us have inherited morality from religion, family, education, or society in general, and usually from all these sources, because they share common taboos against killing, stealing, adultery, lying, and so on and a common belief in what constitutes praiseworthy behavior. In some respects, however, these sources can be at odds with each other. Your national assessment of a situation may lead you in one direction, religion, in another; and family tradition, in still another. Life push us into so many quandaries that doing the right thing in every instance becomes exceedingly difficult.

Every country and culture, whether it’s as ancient as India or as young as the Czech Republic, has a history that will greatly affect both the market and the marketer. A market that has been heavily exploited in the past by foreigners will turn a predictably skeptical eye toward any overseas company seeking new sales territory. It may even refuse products that could greatly benefit the society. Understanding that history will enable a marketer to approach the culture in a more subtle manner, and it will certainly cause an adjustment of schedule. On the other end, a culture that has been marked by independence for some time will have few fears of foreign operations and may find the subtle approach far too lackluster and slow.Marketers may bring their own business to the process and should take care to separate themselves, at least emotionally, from their personal and cultural history. Oftentimes, this includes racial prejudices that are difficult to shake, earlier political disagreements that have never been fully settled, of old unhealed war wounds.Let’s look at the race issue first. Companies with Caucasian marketing personnel returning to post-apartheid South Africa are generally plagued with a feeling that they owe something to the new black majority government. It’s a completely self-generated debt as the government is, in reality, overjoyed that investment has returned after the long embargo. However, this joy doesn’t prevent South Africa companies from taking advantage of counterparts’ guilt feelings when it’s time to cut a deal.On the political front, the relationship, between Vietnam and the United States is a prime example of two sets of marketers misinterpreting each other’s history and culture when it came time to do business. Following in the wake of the bloody two-decade war that ended in 1975, the United States and Vietnam finally reopened trade in 1994. The Vietnamese assumed that American business community would heap investment on them to make up for past wrong, while the American thought they would be welcomed as the saviors of Vietnam’s floundering economy. Most of America’s marketers sent to Vietnam were small children during the war, and the conflict had little bearing on their lives. Vietnam’s decision makers on the other hand were primarily veterans of the conflict and saw it as the key element of the relationship. Neither side paid attention to the other’s view of history nor the results have been decidedly disappointing for almost everyone.1. The passage mainly discusses that .2. It is advisable for a marketer to .3. According to the passage, which of the following is true?4. The Caucasian example indicates that .5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (lack) crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic.”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”1. People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night because they had .2. According to Dr. David, Americans .3. Many Americans believe that .4. The word “subjects” (first sentence, last paragraph) refers to .5. It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to .

Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（）.2.According to the passage, people’s learning activity are possible because they（）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on （）.4.Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because（）.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（）.

Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a 11 means of 12 social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on 13 city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the 14 upper and upper middle-classes, and 15 as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation 16 many a 17 dinner table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or flats, was well 18. Up to the late 19th century in England only bachelor barristers had established the 19 of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist 20 a West End town house as his London home, the best that his 21 could provide.The 22 of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. First, perhaps, through the 23 of the railways, which had enabled a wide 24 of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. 25, no doubt, the fact that many of the early luxury flats were similar 26 hotel suites, even being provided with 27 dining rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made 28 by these communal amenities and 29 tenants being able to 30 the number of family servants.

Many（）came to the President’s reception.

We must allow plenty of time to get to the airport——we can’t（）on the road being clear.

I asked several villagers the way to the river, but none of them was very（）.

（）before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.

Most of the trees in the temperate zone become（）in winter.

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