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Direction: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic On the Lost Traditional Culture. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 现在很多传统文化正慢慢消失2. 传统文化消失的原因3. 我的看法

Translate the following passage into English 上学是一个特定的形式化了的过程。在不同场合下，它的基本形式大同小异。在全国各地，孩子们几乎在同一时刻到达学校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人传授知识，使用大致相同的教材，做作业，考试等等。他们所学的现实生活中的一些片断，如字母表或政府的运作，往往受到科目范围的限制。

Translate the following passage into ChineseSome philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the origins of our highest accomplishments—liturgy, literature, and law—-can be traced to a play impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.

At dawn on September 5th, 1972, a band of “Black September” Arab guerrillas broke into the Israeli building in the Olympic village near Munich where 10,000 athletes were staying. Over 250 plain clothes police had been brought into the village, following a tip-off trouble ahead, but none of them saw the Arabs scale the fence. They burst into the Israeli building with submachine guns blazing at 5:10 am. Some Israeli athletes escaped through the windows and side doors. Nine were taken hostage. The guerrillas demanded the release of 200 Palestinians held in Israeli jails and a safe passage out of Germany. Within hours the Olympic village was surrounded by 13,000 police. The Olympic Games were suspended. After some negotiations, the terrorists were told they would be flown with their hostages to an Arab country. They were taken by helicopter to the Fursten field military airport 25 miles from Munich. Just before midnight the guerrillas and their hostages began to walk across the tarmac to a waiting Boeing 727 aircraft. Suddenly all the airport lights were turned out and German police sharp shooters opened fire. The rescue attempt failed tragically. In the gun battle all nine hostages, were killed, as well as four Arabs and one policeman. Three Arabs were captured and one escaped into the nearby woods. On the 8th，Israeli planes bombed ten guerrilla bases in revenge for Munich massacre.1.The most possible reason for Israeli athletes being attacked and kidnapped is that（）.2.When the trouble took place, the Olympic Games （）. 3.The terrorists were told that they would be probably sent by air to （）. 4.How many Arabs were there as terrorists?5.What do you think Palestine and Israel would act next?

Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room, sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white—a habit that added to her reputation as an eccentric.In their determination to read Dickinson’s life in terms of a traditional romantic plot, biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life ——her struggle to create a female life not yet imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William Luce’s 1976 play, the Belle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst society in the 1850’s transferred her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affair, but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self sovereignty, carried on an argument with the puritan fathers, attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stern patriarchal God, and their rigid notions of “true womanhood”.1.What's the author's main purpose in the passage?2.Which of the following is not mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson’s eccentricities?3.According to the passage, biographers of Emily Dickinson have traditionally （）.4.The author implies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson's seclusion to （）. 5.It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society that was characterized by（）.

A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors——or of people very different from our own——can be provided by art. In short art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offer us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly "political” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera. Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros---as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines——depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy.1.More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because art history （）.2.Art is subjective in that （）. 3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?4.The passage is mainly discussing （）. 5.It may be concluded from this passage that（）.

To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries centered primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship'' to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then change them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction——the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting the needs of the consumers. A striking example of the importance of meeting the consumers’ needs happened in the mid-1985, when Coca-Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!1.To put it in a simpler way, the marketing concept is（）.2.According to the passage, most industries in the near past focused on .3.The author used the example of Coca-cola to show （）. 4.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?5.The phrase “to move as much of these goods as possible” in paragraph one means（）.

He is among those lucky students who have won （）to first-rate university.

Mathematics as well as other subjects （）a science.

We should （）our human and material resources if we are to succeed in the joint venture.

I would appreciate （）it a secret.

Some old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t （）so much noise.

I’ll lend you my cassette recorder（） I’ve done with it.

I （）several interesting facts about Mexico in that book.

The seeing eye dog was the blind man’s （）companion.

Getting up is an everyday（）.

We are not （）to veto our own proposals.

Safety devices （）in preventing accidents in the workshop.

（） , it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a laser.

When you go to a new country, you must（） yourself to new manners and customs.

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