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Write a short summary (about 60-80 words) of the following article. The summary restates the main idea without adding any comments that express personal feeling or responses to the details presented. Keep in mind that the purpose of a summary of concise restatement of the author’s ideas in your own words is to test your understanding of the article. Please write your summary on the Answer Sheet What the U.S. and Chinese School Systems Have in Common02/22/2012 By Sarah CarrAmericans who visit Chinese schools quickly realize that many of our beliefs and assumptions about education hold little water in China: In the United States, our urban public schools perform relatively poorly, but in China the urban systems rate among the nation’s best. Here we often regard private schools as a cut above public ones (though the truth is far murkier), but most Chinese consider public schools to be superior. Americans view public education as a crucial equalizer for a democratic society, in theory at least---but the Chinese see it partly as a means to sort their massive population in a distinctly undemocratic fashion.Despite these differences of conceit, the American and Chinese education systems share one common, defining characteristic: they are both plagued by gross inequalities and rampant segregation. In the United States, these injustices fall largely along racial and class lines: poor, minority students are more likely to attend highly segregated schools; their schools are more likely to suffer from a lack of resources; and their teachers are more likely to be inexperienced.The Chinese education system, too, features ethnic and class inequities. But even more so than in the United States, geography and birthplace equal educational destiny. As Sarah Butrymowicz of The Hechinger Report documented in a recent article, millions of schoolchildren have migrated to cities in recent years with their job-hunting parents. Once there, they often find themselves ineligible to attend government-run schools, particularly the best ones. An unknown number wind up in sub-par, pseudo-private school catering to the migrant population.Henan Chang, an assistant professor in Loyola University Chicago's School of Education who has studied the outcomes of migrant schoolchildren in Kunming, said most of them “have no interaction whatsoever with the local residents. They live in their own bubbles. Their playmates, their schoolmates--- they're all migrants themselves.”Butrymowicz notes that these disparities tainted China's recent domineering performance on international assessments in reading, math and science because many public schools do not admit migrant students. When Shanghai 15-year-olds outperformed the rest of the world in 2010, observers wondered if their success stemmed at least in part from exclusionary, segregationist practices. After I told a friend of mine who grew up in China about the international rankings, he quipped that public-school students in Shanghai are comparable to private-school students on Manhattan's Upper East Side in terms of their wealth and privilege. Shaking his head, he noted that no one would take Dalton or Brearley — two of the Big Apple's most elite private schools—as representative of the whole United States.In 2006, I spent several weeks in China repotting on the country’s schools, focusing in particular on the education of migrant children living in Beijing. In America, everyone asked me if Chinese schools had left us in the dust, while in China everyone asked me if American schools had left them in the dust. Americans revered the Chinese mastery of basic subjects such as math and geography, while the Chinese extolled the American emphasis on creativity and nurturing individual talent.Americans talked about the striking discipline of Chinese students, while the Chinese wondered why they had not yet won more Noble prizes. Nobody in either country framed their fears about international competitiveness in terms of inequality, however.Both nations do well by their most privileged and fortunate students. In China, they attend well-resources, state-of-the-art government schools that employ some of the country’s best teachers. In America, their families possess the money and freedom to move to regions where public schools excel, or to enroll in any number of wealthy private schools.For either country, winning the global competition will depend less on changes made for the elites---the children of the 1 percent. Ultimately, success will depend on their leaders’ interest and fortitude in addressing the opportunity gaps that persist throughout their schools. When it comes to education, that’s the single, indelible trait that both countries have long shared.

Translate the following passage into Chinese. Singles Day was begun by Chinese college students in the 1990s as a version of Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. The timing was based on the date: Nov. 11, or “11.11” —four singles. Unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to woo that special someone and end their single status.That gift-giving helped to turn it into a major shopping event as sellers of everything from jewelry to TVs to cars saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s answer to Cyber Monday in the United States—the day after Thanksgiving weekend, when online Christmas shopping beings and merchants have their busiest sales day.

Translate the following passage into English.腾讯新闻制作的一段视频刻画了中国人职场焦虑的根源：财务烦恼，人际关系，还有没完没了的加班。这段视频包括了中国职场压力的事实和数据，但聚焦的却是个体的故事：一个认为自己永远也买不起房子的26岁青年和一个梦想移民的下级白领。中国越来越把自己的焦虑和梦想当成个人的事情，而不是集体的问题。文章认为，随着中国增长放缓，民族复兴——用官方的话来说就是中国梦——与普通中国人的希望和恐惧发生冲突，导致进一步的认知失调。国家媒体和政府机构继续关注官方取得的成就和经济发展等正面消息，大多数中国人却越来越关心食品安全、商品质量和医药安全等问题。

Too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident, not knowing （1）lies in the way of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security. （2）chances are that the young people will be（3）doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction. Our school leavers face so much（4） that they seldom care what they do（5）. they can earn a living. Some stay long （6）a job and learn to like it; （7）quit from one to another looking for something to suit them. The young graduates who leave the university look for jobs that offer a （8）up to their expectation.Very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they want and realizing their own abilities. The reason in all this confusion is that there never has been a proper （9）guidance in our educational institution. Nearly all （10） in the dark and their chief concern when they look for a job is to ask how much they get paid. They （11） bother to think whether they （12）the job or, even more important, whether the job suits them. Having a job is more than merely providing yourself and your （13）with daily bread and some money for leisure and entertainment. It sets a pattern of life and decides the （14）of friends, leisure and interest, and in many ways, determines social （15）in life.

To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived; the cellophane wrapper has to be tom off，the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper.A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons. This could be easily adapted for local authority use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper prices, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable.Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More and more dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were made of plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days!The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs.1.“This insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries” (line 4) means（）.2.The “local authorities” are （）. 3.If paper is to be recycled （）. 4.British dairies are （）. 5.The environmentalists think that（）.

John Fisher, a builder, and his wife Elizabeth wanted more living space, so they left their small flat for an old-metre-high castle tower. They have spent five years turning it into a beautiful home with six floors, winning three architectural prizes.“I love the space, and being private，” Elizabeth says. “You feel separated from the world. If I’m in the kitchen, which is 25 metres above the ground floor, and the doorbell rings, I don’t have to answer it because visitors can’t see I’m in!”“There are 142 steps to the top, so if I go up and down five or six times a day, it’s very good exercise! But having to carry heavy things to the top is terrible, so I never buy more than two bags of shopping from the supermarket at a time. Apart from that, it’s a brilliant place to live.”“When we first saw the place, I asked my father’s advice about buying it, because we couldn’t decide. After paying for it, we were a bit worried because it looked awful. But we really loved it, and knew how we wanted it to look.”“Living here can be difficult-yesterday I climbed a four metre ladder to clean the windows. But when you stand on the roof you can see all the way out to sea on a clear day, and that’s a wonderful experience. I’m really glad we moved.”1.What is the writer trying to do in the text?2.From this text, a reader can find out（） .3.Which of the following best describes Elizabeth’s feelings about the tower?4.What problem does Elizabeth have with living in such a tall building?5.How will John and Elizabeth advertise their tower if they sell it?

MR BROWN Tall, attractive man, single, aged 30. Outdoor type, sports-loving. Plays football, tennis and squash. Enjoys swimming and skiing. Beer drinker. PE instructor at boys’ school.MR GREEN Unemployed, unmarried, undernourished English Lit. graduate, aged 23. Indoor type, plays ‘Dungeons and Dragons’ and any other role-playing adventure games. Enjoys rock and jazz records and sci-fi films and books. Lives in London.MR BLACK Mature man of 50, recently widowed with one son of 15. Own business and home. Enjoys bridge, French food and good claret. Very sociable, likes entertaining and travel. City dwellerMR WHITE Quiet, shy, peace-loving man, aged 35. Divorced, non-smoker. Ecologist, lives and works in the country. Enjoys chess, walking and reading. Likes eighteenth-century classical music and dry white wine. Dislikes noise and energetic sports.1.Which one would most probably appeal to a young woman of 25 who doesn’t like living in town and who enjoys playing sports?2.Mr. Black is most likely to be attracted to （）.3.Which of these women students would probably find Mr. Green interesting?4.Which one would most probably appeal to a woman of 30 who used to be a volleyball player and now is a referee of the game?5.What kind of publication might these people advertise in?

Giving Employees What They Want: The Returns are HugeDavid Sirota, co-author of The Enthusiastic Employee: How Companies Profit by Giving Workers What They Want, finds that firms where employee morale is high tend to outperform competitors. He told us: "People at work have various basic goals. First, they want to be treated fairly. Employees want to know they are getting what is normally defined as competitive pay. If I feel underpaid, there is not much an organization can do to boost my morale. Second, employees want a sense of achievement from work. The key element is to be proud of your job and proud of the organization for which you are doing it. The third element is camaraderie. This is also not mentioned much in our field, but it’s key——not only in the sense of having a friend, but working well together as a team.”And, he says, there are a number of other things companies can do to boost morale: “First, provide security. Laying off people should be the last resort, not the first thing you do. Some companies use a ring of defense. If the business is having difficulties, they retrain workers or bring work inside from subcontractors. There are a number of steps you can take before making people redundant.Second, where there are difficulties in getting work done, we suggest self-managed teams. Toyota is a good example in having a team of workers manage part of the assembly line. The team could look at quality and at whatever kinds of maintenance and support were needed, and it could decide how to rotate workers. As opposed to the usual top-down management, this approach is tremendously satisfying for workers, and thus reduces the need for bureaucracy because the people essentially are managing themselves.“Recognition is also important. Organization-wide awards should be like the Nobel Prize, where peers are involved in the selection of the individuals who receive the award for outstanding achievement, not day-to-day work.“The traditional merit pay systems with an appraisal and pay increase are quite negative. Workers feel no relation between what they do and their pay increase. A reward has to be felt as such. Research has verified a system such as ‘gain sharing’, in which a group of workers judges its performance over time. If productivity goes up 20% and the workforce increases 10%, then that means there is greater efficiency.“In the 1980s and 1990s, we had a reaction to particular forms of management. We talk about four kinds: the first one is paternalism, where workers are treated as children. Then there is adversarial, where workers are the enemy. Then there is transactional, where workers are like ciphers. Management does not know what they are like as individuals. The attitude is, ‘We paid you, now we are even. We don’t owe you anything.’ That’s where most companies have gone today. Loyalty is dead.“The fourth is what we have been talking about, which is the partnership organization. It does not mean that because I paid you, we are now even. You don’t treat partners that way because you might need them to help you out sometime, and they might need you. It’s more like a relationship between mature adults -- not like children or enemies, but allies.”1.In paragraph 1, what effect of high morale is mentioned?2.Which of these does Sirota suggest is good reaction for a company with financial problems?3.How did Toyota motivate workers on assembly lines?4.How should bonuses be awarded, according to Sirota?5.What, nowadays, is the typical management-worker relationship?

At the InterviewIn the interview to find jobs, you need to do the following things.1. The first two or three minutes are important in establishing rapport. Try to develop a friendly approach, smile, relax, shake hands, address the person by name. Look at the interviewer and show interest in what is being said.2. Take a moment to think about the answers to the questions. Listen carefully; speak clearly and do not rush.3. Be natural and honest. Be positive and concentrate on achievements and experience. Do not make false claims.4. Do not answer just ’'yes” or "no"; support your answers with examples and give reasons for your opinions. At the same time, stick to the point and remember that the interviewer's time is limited.5. The status of the person interviewing you may have a bearing on the way you approach your meeting. A personnel office assessing, candidates for a short list will usually not be in a position to discuss technicalities, any more than the sales manager can give you the details of the company pension scheme. However, occasionally personnel staff are equipped with lists of highly technical questions and trained to assess your response even though they are not experts themselves.6. Use the interview to find out what you want to know about the job and the organization. Have a list of questions ready to cover any topics not dealt with by the interviewer. Make sure you have all the information you need, not only about the actual post, but about the organization itself, including such aspects as career prospects, pension scheme, and fringe benefits.7. Use every opportunity to stress that you are not just after any old job but that you are really keen to work for the company which is interviewing you.About all, try not to treat the interview as an examination in which you are always on the receiving end. Use it instead as an opportunity for a full and frank exchange of information. Don’t be afraid to ask for more information or to put your own questions.1.It is important for the interviewee to be （） at an interview.2.Personnel officers are （） to discuss technicalities . 3.It is wise to have a list of questions to ask （）. 4.Show the interviewer that you are （） to work for his company . 5.At an interview the interviewee（）.

Every means（） tried out but never with success, as far as my knowledge goes.

Can we reach a（） on this issue? Let’s take a vote.

You will be busy soon, for we offer you a （）training in all aspects of the company.

The young man has（）some ingenious schemes to make good profits for the company.

Peter became angry and said that （）.

When the crowd saw the movie star on the street, shouts and cheers（）.

Being both spoiled and lazy, the boy（）everyone else for his lack of success.

I suppose you are not leaving for Beijing today,（） ?

As a general rule, Dad is generous, but as a merchant, he usually drives a hard（）.

After a year of arguments, preparations for the festival are now（）smoothly.

The organization had broken no rules, but（） had it acted responsibly.

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