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Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash in the blank. Be sure to write all the corrections you have made on the Answer Sheet.

In the years since World War II, Americans have awakened, as never before, to the world’s art heritage, and have discovered the startling truth that a sizable and important :part of heritage in their own backyard. U.S. art, as Americans in general are beginning to realize, is neither a series of blurred engravings out of half-forgotten school histories nor a dim reflection of painting abroad. For the past two centuries it has stood on its own feet, comparing favorably with the art of every other nation except France. Drawing depth and drama from history it helps illustrate, it has reflected not European painting but American life - rough and smooth, tumultuous and diverse. And though it is a great river of many sources and many passing moods, its strongest single current throughout is a searching realism. The revered champion of that tradition in America today is Edward Hopper.Less recognized, but equally true, is the fact that, at 74, Edward Hopper, painter extraordinary, expresses the present moment of American life with all the vigor and attachment of youth. One remark of Emerson’s applies very well to Hopper’s painting: “In every work of genius we recognize our own rejected thoughts: they come back to us with a certain alienated majesty”. Hopper is clearly a genius of this kind; he paints not only what Americans have seen from the corners of their eyes, but also what they have dimly thought and felt about.Hopper has opened a whole new chapter in American realism, painting a new world of men, Cole a world of nature, and Homer a world of struggle between the two, Hopper paints the raw, uneasy world that Americans have built on this land.1. What truth did Americans discover in art field?2. What was the major characteristic of Americans’ paintings?3. What does the statement “It is a great river of many sources…?” Imply? (Para. 1)4. What is Hopper famous for?5. In which aspects can Hopper’s painting be regarded as genius work?

One of the most widespread and important types of learning is operant conditioning, which involves increasing a behavior by following it with a reward, or decreasing a behavior by following it with punishment. For example, if a mother gives a boy his favorite snack every day for his cleaning up his room, before long the boy may spend some time each day cleaning his room in anticipation of the snack. In this example, the boy’s room-cleaning behavior increases because it is followed by a reward.Unlike classical conditioning, in which the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are presented regardless of what the learner does, operant conditioning requires action on the part of the learner. The boy in the above example will not get his snack unless he first cleans up his room. The term operant conditioning refers to the fact that the learner must operate, or perform a certain behavior, before receiving a reward or punishment.Some of the earliest scientific research on operant conditioning was conducted by American psychologist Edward L. Thorndike at the end of the 19th century. Thorndike’s research subjects included cars, dogs, and chickens. To see how animals learn new behaviors. Thorndike used a small chamber that he called a puzzle box. He would place an animal in the puzzle box, and if it performed the correct response (such as pulling a rope, pressing a lever, or stepping on a platform), the door would swing open and the animal would be rewarded with some food located just outside the cage. The first time an animal entered the puzzle box. It usually took a long time to make the appropriate response required to open the door. Eventually, however, it would make the appropriate response by accident and receive its reward: escape and food. As Thorndike placed the same animal in the puzzle box again and again, it would make the correct response more and more quickly. Soon it would take the animal just a few seconds to earn its reward.Based on these experiments, Thorndike developed a principle he called the law of effect. This law states that behaviors that are followed by pleasant consequences will be strengthened, and will be more likely to occur in the future. Conversely, behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences will be weakened, and will be less likely to be repeated in the future, Thorndike’s law of effect is another way of describing what modern psychologists now call operant conditioning.1. The difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that _.2. What’s the occupation of Edward L. Thorndike?3. Why could the animals in the puzzle box gibe correct response more and more quickly?4. Which of the following may be inferred according to the law of effect?5. The phrase “swing open” (Line 6. Para. 3) means _.

Daydreaming is a healthy and natural act of the human psyche, according to American Health magazine. It is at its peak from noon to 2 pm, when body temperature is at its highest.The phenomenon also reveals a great deal about us. Some people use their fantasies to help them make decisions, while others “escape” to enhance their sense of well-being and creativity, says Pam L. Blondin, a clinical social worker and director of programs and services at the Child and Family Service of Sagisaw County, Michigan.“Daydreaming can be an escape that feels good in the midst of a hectic day”, Blondin explained. “It’s a good stress reducer at the desk. Getting away from it all for a while, so to speak, isn’t something that is going to hurt anyone. Sometimes it helps people tap into creativity that is not always conscious.”Daydreaming helps people cope with a wide range of problems, partly providing insight into our emotional needs, as well as unmet needs and goals, experts say. By some estimates, approximately half our waking thoughts consist of daydreams and fantasies.“Daydreaming keeps our personal agendas in front of us”, says psychologist Eric Klinger. Daydreaming plays an important role in organizing our lives, he says. “We can actually learn something by paying attention to the whimsical interludes that occasionally interrupt our more structured thought.”Active, imaginative lives are vital to children’s development, American Health reports. Most children start fantasizing between the ages of 2 and 5. “Children struggle to understand life’s complexities, from jet planes to the TV images flashed into their living rooms,” says Yale University psychologist Jerome L. Singer. He believes that make-believe helps youngsters break down elements to a level they can understand. “Unless a child’s daydreaming is interfering with progress in school or hampering his/her social skills, there is no need to discourage it,” Singer says.1. Daydreaming does all of the following except ___.2. What is the word “hectic” (Line 1, Para. 3) most likely to mean?3. Children may start to daydream as early as they are _ years old.4. It can be inferred that ___.5. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?

The banking revolution in America is as much about attitudes and assumptions as about size and structure. For centuries, Americans have distrusted banks. In the 1830s, Andrew Jackson denounced and destroyed the Second Bank of the United States, which existed “to make the rich richer” at the expense of farmers, mechanics and laborers”. In the 1930s, banks were blamed for helping cause the Depression. The wonder, then, is that the latest wave of bank mergers—the largest ever—has inspired little more than a bewildered and, perhaps, irritated shrug from the public.As banks grow bigger, they seem less fearsome. Why? The answer is that banks have shrunk in power even as they have expanded in size. Traditionally, banking has been a simple business. Deposits come through one door, loans go out through another. Profits derive from the “spread” between interest rates on deposits and loans. If savers and borrowers cannot go elsewhere, banks are powerful. And if there are other choices, banks are less powerful. And so it is.We inhabit an age of superabundant credit and its purveyors. A century ago, matter were different. Small depositors could choose from only one or several local banks; getting a loan meant winning the good graces of the neighborhood banker. Even big corporations depended on a few big banks or investment houses.John Reed or Huge McColl—the heads of Citicorp and Nations Bank—are not controlled through stock and positions on corporate boards—a third of U.S. railroads and 70% of the steel industry. A railroad executive once cheerfully confessed his dependence on Morgan’s capital: “If Mr. Morgan were to order me tomorrow to China or Siberia...I would go.”No bankers today inspired such awe or fear. Time, technology and government restrictions weakened bank power. In the 1920s, auto companies popularized car loans. National credit cards originated in 1950 with the Dinners Club card. In 1933, the Glass pensions and the stock market competed for consumer savings. As a result, banks command a shrinking share of the nation’s wealth: 20 percent of assets of financial institutions in 1997, down from 50 percent in 1950.1. Traditionally, Americans’ altitude towards banks is one of _.2. Why are John Reed and Hugh McColl not as well-known as J. P. Morgan?3. The word “spread” in Para. 2 most probably means _.4. Which of the following statements is true? 5. What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?

American researchers report limited success using gene therapy to treat the genetic blood disease hemophilia.Hemophilia results when a gene fails to produce the protein needed for the blood to clot, or change from a liquid to a solid. The defective gene is passed from parents to children. People with hemophilia suffer uncontrolled bleeding. This can result in pain, tissue swelling and permanent damage to joints and muscles. One in every ten-thousand males has the most common kind of hemophilia. It is extremely rare for females to have it. Patients can be treated with the missing clotting substance. They generally can lead normal lives.Scientists say gene therapy may be a possible way to cure hemophilia in the future. Most gene therapies use a virus to place a good copy of a gene into a cell that needs it. The new gene helps the body operate normally. For people with hemophilia, this means that clotting genes placed in the body would result in blood cells that clot normally.Researchers consider hemophilia the best disease for gene therapy because it is caused by a single defective gene. Also, only a small increase in the missing clotting substance could provide good results. Scientists at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts carried out the experiment. They reported the results in the New England Journal of Medicine. They tested gene therapy in six patients with severe hemophilia.First, they removed skin cells from the patients’ arms. The researchers grew the cells in the laboratory. The added copies of the needed gene taken from healthy people. Then they created hundreds of millions of genetically changed cells. They placed these cells into the patients’ stomachs. After four months, the amount of blood clotting substance in the blood increased in four of the six patients. Some of the patients reported a decrease in bleeding problems. However, ten months later, the clotting substance was no longer in the patients’ blood. It is not clear if the implanted cells died or the added genes slopped working.The researchers say the study showed that gene therapy is safe for people with the most common kind of hemophilia. But others expressed concern about the treatment because the effects were only temporary.1. In a family where the father is with hemophilia, which one is most likely to suffer from it?2. Which among die following can be a symptom of hemophilia?3. Which among the following is NOT one step of gene therapy?4. What does the result of the experiment show?5. Which is true according to the passage?

If society had the clear sight to assure men as well as women that there is not shame in preferring to stay non-competitively and non-aggressively at home, many masculine neuroses and ulcers would be（1）, and many children would enjoy the benefit of being（2）up by a father with a talent for the（3）instead of by a mother with no talent for it but a sense of（4）about the lack.But society does nothing so sensible. Blindly it goes on（5）on the tradition that men are the ones who go out to work and（6）—an arrangement which simply throws talent（7）. All the home-making talent which happens to be born（8）male bodies is wasted; and our businesses and governments are（9）quite largely by people whose aptitude for the work consists solely of their（10）what is, by tradition, the right sex for it.The pressures society exerts to（11）men out of the house are very nearly as irrational and（12）as those by which it keeps women in. The mistake of the early（13）was to assume that men were emancipated already and that（14）reform need ask only for the emancipation of women. （15）we ought to do now is go right（16）to that they have found（17）of both sexes. It is only（18）men are not free themselves that they have found（19）necessary to cheat women by the deception which makes them appear free（20）they are not.

Neglect has accelerated the process of this building’s _____.

Rich as he is, his office is plainly _____ with two desks and four chairs.

Through advocating democracy, some countries tend to _____ their own standards upon others.

It is universally recognized that brevity is _____ to speech and writing.

We should keep in mind that _____ decisions may lead to disaster.

They watched with _____ as the man struggled to fight with the bull.

After a heated discussion, the jury finally reached an agreement that it was unfair to _____ the suspect of the right of self-defense.

The journalist go the _____ news that famous actress would change her husband for the seventh time.

The successful cooperation between the two countries should be based on _____ respect and help.

She _____ the concentrated fruit juice with water and coffee with milk.

_____ guessing will probably not raise your score as significantly as choosing one letter as a “guess answer” for the entire exam.

There is _____ among educators in this country that English should be made the medium of instruction, but some parents resent this.

The producer hope the film would _____ audiences, but the never expected it to have such an inspiring effect.

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