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Burning the midnight oil before exams is counterproductive, according to research that suggests sleep is needed to allow memories to be “downloaded” into the brain. A good night’s sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a requirement to effective recall in later weeks, scientists have found. The findings, published in the Nature Neuroscience, showed that it was the act of sleep, rather than the simple passage of time, that was critical for long time memory. “We think that getting that first night’s sleep starts the process of memory,” said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the study.With about one in five people claiming they are so short of sleep that it affects their daily life, the study was about a less well-understood side-effect of insufficient sleep: serious memory problem. Professor Stickgold’s team invited 24 volunteers taking part in the test. Half the subjects were allowed a night’s sleep and half were kept awake, but both groups were later allowed sleep on the second and third nights, to make up differences in tiredness between the groups. The tests found that those who slept on the first night were significantly and consistently better at performing the memory task, while the second group showed no improvement, despite their catch-up sleep over the other two nights.1. The phrase “burning the midnight oil” (Para. 1) refer to ______.2. To remember a new task, you’d better ______.3. In the test, the two groups ______.4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?5. Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage?

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