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Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence（1）firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. （2） , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking （3） for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the （4） and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would （5） the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness （6） by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.（7） enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were （8） .But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities （9） why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various （10） that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was （11） to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally （12） even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors （13） to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less （14） managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was （15） stronger in places where happiness was spread more （16） .Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.（17） this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least （18）at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help （19） how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and （20） R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.

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It is true that CEO pay has gone up — top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation —from the 350 largest such companies — now makes about $18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America’s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It’s not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than simply being able to “run the company”. CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done. The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn’t explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.（1）Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?（2）Compared with their predecessors, today’s CEOs are required to（） .（3）CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite（）.（4）High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps（）.（5）The most suitable title for this text would be（）.

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In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation ( BIO) , a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature...than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.Despite the appeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots”, explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed. (407 words)1.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like （）.2.Those who are against gene patents believe that （）. 3.According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for （）. 4.By saying “Each meeting was packed”(Para. 6) the author means that （）. 5.Generally speaking, the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is（）.

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Five ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person, a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link. You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link. Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.1. Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”-this is something that mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something-the first word-but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere. I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out. Just think: what is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well, they are not talking you now! I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything will just flow. I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple "hi", "hey" or "hello"-do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say "hi".2. It's a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable. Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you?” and “what's going on?”, you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you'll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.3. When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you'll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.4. Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”. So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.5. You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward! So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate-whatever you talk about. When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their well being. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!

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Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring — the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year — the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that’s tighter than it’s been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If “entitled” is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren’t interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record $1.5 trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good. That's a big change from the previous generation. “Millennials wanted more flexibility in their lives,” notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of YouthSight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. “Generation Z are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeing a financial future and they are quite risk averse.”（1）Generation Zs graduating college this spring（）.（2）Generation Zs are keenly aware（）.（3）The word “assuage” (line 9, para 2) is closet in meaning to（）.（4）It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs（）.（5）Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are（）.

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春秋战国之际，儒墨两家并称“显学”，在教育问题上，墨家不同于儒家的主张是（）。

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“如果现在在大学里有医学系甚至有财经系，而没有教育系，那么这只是表明，直到现在人对他的身体和荷包的健康的珍惜还是甚于对他的精神健康的珍惜，他对后代的物质财富的关心，超过对他们的优良教育的关心。”作此表述的教育家是（）。

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凯米斯倡导的教育行动研究类型是（）。

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福禄培尔重视发挥游戏在幼儿教育中的价值，他将游戏理解为（）。

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颜元特别强调学校应该培养（）。

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洛克的绅士教育理论认为，一位合格绅士最重要的品质是（）。

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英语听力测试过程中突然停电2分钟，导致听力材料无法连续播放，学生测试成绩偏低，不能反映学生的真实水平。这种测试成绩与真实水平之间的误差被称为（）。

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苏格拉底用反讽术使自以为知者自觉到无知，又用产婆术使自以为无知者发现知识。他所开创的这种教育传统，在影响人的发展主要因素的问题上倾向于（）。

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让学生从选择出来的有限例子中主动获得本质的、结构性的、原则性的、典型的知识、能力和态度。这种教学模式是（）。

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良好的课题名称是--项研究的重要要素。以下课题名称表述正确的是（）。

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皮亚杰用来说明儿童认知发展的重要概念是（）。

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学生必须接受“自由教育（liberal education）”，受过这种教育的人因为有广博的知识和理性的能力，将来也是适应力最强的、对未来做了最充分准备的优秀公民和劳动者。秉持这种观点的人在课程类型.上倾向于（）。

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如果抽样总体中存在周期性的波动或变化，为了保证样本的代表性，研究者应避免采用的取样方式是（）。

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关于雄辩家的培养，古罗马教育家昆体良主张（）。

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孔子关于启发教学的具体主张是

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