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The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraph C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)41.HannahSimply,there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to place by purchase.42.BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use ofnearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to retuming works of art and antiquities T.he context of any exhibit is more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2,000 years old or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery.Again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value of the objects on display is a distant second place in importance.43.SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art,I came across a magnificent15th-century Chinese sculpture.It inspired me to learn more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museums have the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to leam and understand the nature of their creators.Having said that,I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should, in fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty. Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators.44.VictorAncient art that is displayed in foreign countries by all means should be returned to the original country.The foreign countries have no right to hold back returing the items.I would ask that the foreign nations and the original country discuss the terms of transfer. Yes,there is the risk that the original will not have as good security as do the foreign-countries.But look at what happened to Boston's Gardner Museum theft in 1990,including the loss of Rembrandt Vermeer,Manet and other masterpiece.Nothing is absolutely safe,nowhere,and now ClimateChangeagitators are attacking publicly displayed work in European museum.45.JuliaTo those of you in the comments section,by all means,who are having strong feeling about artifacts being removed from cities in the US and Britain and returned to their countries of originI would ask you to consider:why do you think Americans have more of a right to easily access the Benin Bronzes than people of Nigeria?Why are people who live within a days drive of London entitled to go and see the Elgin Marbles wherever they want,but the people of Athens aren't?What intrinsic factors make the West a suitable home for these artifacts but preclude them from being preserved and displayed by their countries of origin?If your conclusion is that the West is better able to preserve these artifacts,think about why you're assuming that to be true.A. It's clear that the countries oforigin have never been compensated for the stolen architects.B. It's a flawed line ofreasoning to argue againstretuming artifacts to their countries ofarranging C. Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts copies after the originals are retumed.D. Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place ofthe authentic objects.E. The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of arranging rather than anywhere elseF. Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful.G. Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return the artifacts of other countries.

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)"Elephants never forget"-or so they-and that piece of follklore seems to have some foundation.The African savanna elephants,also known as the African bush elephants,is distributed across 37African countries.(46)They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and are very good at working out where otherelephants are-even when they are out of sight.Using tracking devices,researchers have shown that they have"remarkable spatial acuity",when finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasion from a distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest waterhole.(47)The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources the need.and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell may well play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recently little was known about how they selected their food.(48)One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.(49)The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way,and they are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores—to the best food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely.They then set up a"food station"experiment,in which they gave elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch. Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.

Read the following email from a student.Write a reply.Dear Li MingIve got a class assignment to make an oral report on an ancient Chinese scientist.I am not sure how to prepare for it Could you give me some advice?Thanks for your help.Yours.PaulWrite your letter in no less than 100 words.Don't sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming"instead.

The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the nteraction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the US Supreme Court issued a ruling in an ldaho case that provides the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodies of water.This narowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it caries "significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But thats a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it.don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64.000-square-milewatershed that extends into Virginia, Pennsylvania New York,West Virginia.the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett V.EPA?Perhaps some.but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's a reminder that the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the infhuence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Penmsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impacts downstream.And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer them a visit to Black water National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in paragraph I as 37.The U.S.Supreme Cout's ruing in the Idaho case 38.How does'the author fell about future of the chesapeake Bay? 39.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the chesapeake Bay Program? 40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should

Rutkowski is a Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes.He has made illustrations for games such as Sony's Horizon Forbidden West,Ubisoft's Anno,Dungeons&Dragons,and Magic:The Gathering.And he's become a sudden hit in the new world of text-to-image Al generationHis distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion,which was launched late last month.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in"Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,”and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski's style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the Internet,often without permission and proper attribution to artists.As a result,they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Some of the world's most famous artists,such as Michelangelo,Pablo Picasso,and Leonardo da Vinci,brought up around 2,000 prompts each or less.Rutkowski's name also features as a prompt thousands of times in the Discord of another text-to-image generator,Midjourney.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried searching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn't his."It's been just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out there because[theinternet]will be flooded withAl art,"Rutkowski says."That's concerning."“There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,”says Ortiz.The group is in its early days of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.31.What can be learned about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they 33.After searching online,Rutkowski found 34.According to Ortiz.AI companies are advised to 35.What is the text mainly about?

Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and"baby-wearing,"in which infants are carried in slings,is considered the norm.According to Dr.Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University,these practices,known asalloparenting,could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.Dr.Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into Western life.In Gennany,one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery.The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years to mirror the supervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Joumal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the Western nuclear family was a recent invention that broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an"intensive mothering narrative,"which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful."Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,"they wrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer socicties,adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a childs care.One previous study looked at the people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 all parents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now had less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of human evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and matemal depression,which could have a"knock-on"benefit to a childs wellbeing.An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers-this contrasts starkly with nursery settings in the UK where regulation allows for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to threeWhile hunter-gatherer children learn and learn from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that Western"instructive teaching,"where pupils are asked to sit still,may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents"might also enhance their own social development."26.According to the first two paragraph,alloparenting refers to the practice of 27.The scheme in Gemany is mentioned to illustrate 28.According to Paragraph 4,the"intensive mothering narrative", 29.According to paragraph 6,what can we learn about nursery in the UK?30.Which of the following would be the best title?

Nearly 2000 years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawl was rushed,and they didnt want the local Caledoions getting their hands on 10 tons of weapons grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millenia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma A ground explains in her new delightful book nuts and Bolts,early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes bum down their homes if they were planning to relocate.This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifing the ashes.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid 1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven't changed much21.Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of .22.The example of early 17th-century virginians is used to .23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nail after the late 1700?24.It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails .25.Which of the following one best summaries the last2 paragraphs?

TherThere's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 the need to be touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl.They 5 as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particulary 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors 8 crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people's way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them.Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another.Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large,sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open 14 these methods differ the main 15 remain the sameEach automatic door system 16 the light,sound weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in. 18 ,a busy street migle not 19 a motion-sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area

列表格中实验表明被试在不同唤醒水平下，完成不同难度任务的作业成绩，根据假设检验的结果画图，描述并解释任务难度与唤醒水平之间的交互作用（提示∑X²=5296，研究为2X3的完全随机设计），并列出方差分析表。

试论述心理学应用的主要领域。

试简介三种最具代表性的内容型激励理论，并阐述三种理论间的相互关系及对管理工作的启示。

运用所学到的社会心理学理论，探讨如何加强学校班级的凝聚力。

弗洛伊德的精神分析理论的主要内容是什么？

论述遗传、环境、教育与发展的关系。

试述奥尔波特、卡特尔和艾森克的特质理论。

试评述视觉的频率理论、行波理论和神经齐射理论。

什么是群体凝聚性？试举例影响群体凝聚力的因素？

导致偏见产生的常见原因及结果有哪些？如何消除偏见？

精神障碍的主要特点有哪些？

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