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Directions: Study the following chart and write an essay in at least 200 words according to the outline below:1) Analyze the following chart2) Predict the tendency in the years to comeInvestments of Family Assets in 1997 in China

看看母亲育婴方式的一二方面是值得的。一般的爱抚、搂抱和擦洗无需多议，但是她休息时怀抱婴儿的位置却颇堪玩味。美国人的细致研究发现了这一事实：80%的母亲是左手兜住自己的孩子，把孩子放在自己身体的左侧。如果被提请解释这一偏爱的意义时，大多数人会回答说，显然这是人们以右手为主的这种优势造成的结果。母亲用自己的左手抱住婴儿，从而就能腾出自己主要的手臂来从事各种操作。然而一份详细的分析表明情况并非如此。

This brings me to the major cause of unhappiness, which is that most people in America act not on impulse but on some principle, and that principles upon which people act are usually based upon a false psychology and a false ethic. There is a general theory as to what makes for happiness and this theory is false. Life is concerned as a competitive struggle in which happiness consists in getting ahead of your neighbor. The joys which are not competitive are forgotten.

President Clinton, citing “serious ethical questions,” ordered a federal bioethics panel to report in 90 days on whether the United States should regulate human cloning or ban it. Ethicists dusted off arguments they had mothballed in the 1900s, and thousands of trees gave their lives so dueling scholars could publish articles arguing that cloning was a humane way for infertile couples to have a child and joking that cloning made males superfluous.

Australian researchers have discovered electroreceptors (sensory organs designed to respond to electrical field) clustered at the tip of the spiny anteater’s snout. The researchers made this discovery by exposing small areas of the snout to extremely weak electrical field and recording the transmission of resulting nervous activity to the brain. While it is true that tactile receptors, another kind of sensory organ on the anteater’s snout, can also respond to electrical stimuli, such receptors do so only in response to electrical field strengths about 1000 times greater than those known to excite electroreceptors.Having discovered the electroreceptors, researchers are now investigating how anteaters utilize such a sophisticated sensory system. In one behavioral experiment, researchers successfully trained an anteater to distinguish between two troughs of water, one with a weak electrical field and the other with none. Such evidence is consistent with researcher’s hypothesis that anteaters use electroreceptors to detect electrical signals given off by prey; however, researchers as yet have been unable to detect electrical signals emanating from termite mounds, where the favorite food of anteater live. Still, researchers have observed anteaters breaking into a nest of ants at an oblique angle and quickly locating nesting chambers. This ability to quickly locate unseen prey suggests, according to the researchers, that the anteaters were using their electroreceptors to locate the nesting chambers.1. According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes electroreceptors from tactile receptors?2. Which of the following can be inferred about the experiment described in the first paragraph?3. The author of the passage most probably discusses the function of tactile receptors in the first paragraph in order to ______.4. Which of the following can be inferred about anteaters from the behavioral experiment mentioned in the second paragraph?5. The passage suggests that the researchers mentioned in the second paragraph who observed anteaters break into a nest of ants would most likely agree with which of the following statements?6. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the hypothesis mentioned in the second paragraph?

The director makes all artistic or creative decisions and is responsible for the harmonious unity of a production. The director, usually in cooperation with the designers (and perhaps the producer), determines a concept, motif, or interpretation for the script or scenario; selects a cast, rehearses them; and usually has a deciding role in scenery, costumes, lights, and sound. Movement, timing, pacing, and visual and aural effects are all determined by the director, what the audience finally sees is the director’s vision. From the time of the ancient Greeks until the 17th century this role was generally fulfilled by the playwriter, and from the 17th to the end of the 19th century directing was the function of the leading actor of a company. Under such conditions, however, ensemble performance was rare.The concept of the modern director can be traced to the 18th century. English actor manager David Garrick, although George II is generally referred to as the first director, touring Europe with his theater company in the 1870s and 80s, he exercised absolute control over all aspects of production. In the 20th century there has been a tendency for directors to use a scrip simply as a starting point for their own theatrical visions, resulting in productions often called “theatricalist.” Such productions often achieve clarification or emphasis of themes or images in the text, sometimes —admittedly —at the expense of the integrity of the original. Some well-known directors of this type were Vsevolod Meyerhold, Max Reinhardt, Jean Louis Barrault, and, more recently, Peter Brook, Peter Stein, and Tom O’Horgan.The director usually selects the cast through auditions in which performers read sections of the script to be produced, present prepared scenes or speeches, or, when appropriate, sing and dance. The director of a musical production is aided in the auditioning process by the musical director and the choreographer. Although auditioning is acknowledged to be a bad method, it does allow the director to judge the talents and qualities of potential performers. Actors may also be hired on the basis of reputation, recommendation of agents, or simply for physical appropriateness.1. By saying that “what the audience sees is the director’s vision” (in the first paragraph), the author means that .2. The “theatricalist” production of a play is one .3. Auditioning is a process .4. According to the last sentence, the selection of actors is NOT based on .5. What is the passage mainly about?

To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possible -and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,” says Frederic, Ph. D. author of Forgive for Good. “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps:Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love, ‘‘ Frederic says.Don’t wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing Frederic says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” Frederic says.Try to see things from the other person’s perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don’t forget to forgive yourself. “For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” Frederic says. “But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.”1. Forgiveness is_______.2. What does “wear and tear” mean?3. What is NOT the technique of healing?4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?5. What is the main idea of the passage?

Based on accumulated social research, there now can be little doubt that successful and well-adjusted children in modern societies are most likely to come from two-parent families consisting of the biological father and mother. Alternative family forms which are attempted, such as single parent and stepfamilies, have been demonstrated to be inferior in child outcomes. The recent movement away from the two-natural-parent family has led to considerable social malaise among the young, not to mention social decay in general.It can be argued that child well-being would be enhanced if families lived among care-giving relatives and in supportive communities, but this has become an ever-diminishing situation. Historically, a substantial striping down has occurred of both the extended family and the cohesive neighborhood, and this trend is probably irreversible. The state has tried to fill the vacuum, but without much success. The two-parent nuclear family therefore may be more important today for children, and for society in general, than ever before in history.Constituting one of the greatest dilemmas faced by modern societies, however, is the fact that nuclear families themselves are breaking apart at dramatically high rate. The chances in some societies are now less than 50 to 50, thanks mainly to divorce, that a child will live continuously to adulthood with both natural parents. This is despite the fact that, unlike in times past, parents now almost always live to see their children reach maturity.One fundamental reason for the high break-up rate is that the nature of marriage has changed. Not so long ago marriage was an economic bond of mutual dependency, a social bond heavily upheld by extended families. Today, marriage is none of these. The economic bond has become displaced by wealth, by female economic pursuit, and by state support; extended family pressures on marriages have all but vanished; and modern societies have become increasingly unconcerned with religious. Marriage has become a purely individual pursuit; an implied and not very enforceable contract between two people; a relationship designed to satisfy basic needs for intimacy, dependency and sex. When these needs change, or when a presumptively better partner is discovered, marriages are easily dissolved. Moreover, more of the everyday needs, traditionally met by marriage, can be met in other ways, such as through the marketplace.With its surrounding and supporting social structures collapsing, can there be any hope that the nuclear family can be revived? Yes—the basis for hope lies in the fundamental biological and psychological makeup of humankind. If the evolutionary biologists are correct, human beings are a pair-bonding species.1. Which family form today is the most ideal for a child’s success?2. What does the “extended family” mean?3. Which is true of today’s children?4. Which is NOT the reason for the high divorce rate?5. Which of the following can be inferred?

British cuisine has always been multicultural, in ancient times influenced by the Romans and in medieval times the French. When the Frankish Normans invaded, they brought with them the spices of the east: cinnamon, saffron, mace, nutmeg, pepper, and ginger. Sugar came to England at that time, and was considered a spice—rare and expensive. Before the arrival of cane sugars, honey and fruit juices were the only sweeteners. The few medieval cookery books that remain record dishes use every spice in the larder, and chefs across Europe saw their task to be the almost alchemical transformation of raw ingredients into something entirely new. For centuries the English aristocracy ate French food, which they felt distinguished them from the peasants.During Victorian times good old British stodge mixed with exotic spices from all over the Empire. And today despite being part of Europe we’ve kept up our likes with the countries of the former British Empire, now united under the Commonwealth.One of the benefits of having an empire is that we did learn quite a bit from the colonies. From East Asia (China) we adopted tea (and exported the habit to India), and from India we adopted curry-style spicing, we even developed a line of spicy sauces including ketchup, mint sauce, Worcestershire sauce and deviled sauce to indulge these tastes. Today it would be fair to say that curry has become a national dish.Among English cakes and pastries, many are tied to the various religious holidays of the year. Hot Cross Buns are eaten on Good Friday, Simnel Cake is for Mothering Sunday, Plum Pudding for Christmas, and Twelfth Night Cake for Epiphany.Unfortunately a great deal of damage was done to British cuisine during the two world wars. Britain is an island and supplies of many goods became short. The war effort used up goods and services and so less were left over for private people to consume. Ships importing foodstuffs had to travel in convoys and so they could make fewer journeys. During the Second World War food rationing began in January 1940 and was lifted only gradually after the war.1. Which of the following is the best topic for the passage?2. In the passage, the author implies that _______.3. Which of the following is NOT true?4. Which one listed below probably follows this passage?5. What can be inferred about British cuisine from the passage?

The statistics I’ve cited and the living examples are all too familiar to you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasing number of women who are looking actively for advancement or for a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped with professional skills and perhaps valuable experience. She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen or the Assistant Vice President’s Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday.She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who is determined to be.Her forerunner was the radical feminist who interpreted her trapped position as a female as oppression by the master class of men. Men, she believe, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed and dehumanized, mainly because men choose to exploit this wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never looking beneath the pretensions of life.The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for the first time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and his system as the common enemy. The first phrases of feminism in the last five years often took on this militant, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Gennaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to explore both their identities and their dreams—and the two were often found in direct conflict.What is the stereotyped role of American Women? Marriage. A son. Two daughters. Breakfast. Ironing. Lunch. Bowling, maybe a garden club or for the very daring, non-credit courses in ceramics. Perhaps an occasional cocktail party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day the same. Never any growth in expectations—unless it is growth because the husband has succeeded. The inevitable question：“Is that all there is to life?”The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests to the fact that these radical feminists had touched some vital nerves. The magazine “Ms.” was born in the year of the death of the magazine “Life”. But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too often sexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist.It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising increasingly is regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment itself. Genuine independence can be realized through competence, through finding a career, through the use of education. Remember that for many decades the education of women was not supposed to be useful.1. What is the main topic of this passage?2. What is the author’s attitude toward the radical feminists?3. What does the word “militant” in the fourth paragraph mean?4. Which of the following is true about the radical feminists?

Sleep is divided into periods of so called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep.（1）kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is（2）to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more（3）. The new experiments, such as those（4）for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations（5）of non-REM sleep.For example, it has been known that total sleep（6）is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet,（7）examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now（8）the mystery of why the animals die. The rats（9） bacterial infections of the blood,（10）their immune systems—the self-protecting mechanism against diseases—had crashed.

The Bunsen burner is so named because it is thought to be invented by Robert Bunsen, who was German by birth. A B C D

If only the nature of the aging process is better understood, the possibility of discovering a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems very remote. A B C D

The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less than the earth; in consequence, the force of gravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth of that at the earth’s surface. A B C D

We are not conscious of the extent of which provides the psychological satisfaction that make the difference between a full and an empty life. A B C D

Accounts of scientific experiments are generally correct for those write about science are careful in checking the accuracy of their reports. A B C D

It is true that the average man often uses in his own vocabulary that was once technical language not meant for him. A B C D

Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained will be taken into account before starting a new project. A B C D

There were over 500000 deaths due to automobile accidents in the U.S. last year. A third of these could have been avoided but the drivers hadn’t fastened their seat belts. A B C D

The two leaders met for an hour and 40 minutes on Monday, and had what an official spokesman described a friendly conversation on a wide range of subjects. A B C D

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