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Many of the imported planes have been lying ____ for years because of the restrictions on the foreign spare parts.

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She had no objection to ____ the airplane ticket which would send her to Geneva.

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He was bothered by the ____ bark of dogs in the neighborhood every night.

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The Chinese nation is ____ for its diligence and courage.

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He criticized everything and everybody, and even ____ his teachers.

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Some areas, ____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.

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The ____ scene of the waterfall is a perfect delight to the eye.

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A scientist in England believes that mushrooms communicate with each other using up to 50 “words”. Previous research has suggested that fungi conduct electrical impulses through long, underground structures called hyphae. “It has even shown that the firing rate of these impulses increases when the hyphae of wood-digesting fungi come into contact with wooden blocks, raising the possibility that fungi use this electrical ‘language’ to share information about food or injury with distant parts of themselves, or with hyphae-connected partners such as trees,” the Guardian reports.To investigate this further, Andrew Adamatzky, a professor at the University of the West of England, decided to analyze the patterns of electrical spikes generated by four species of fungi-enoki, split gill, ghost and caterpillar fungi. The results, published in the peer-reviewed journal Royal Society Open Science, were surprising to say the least. He found that the electrical spikes often gathered into trains of activity, similar to vocabularies of up to 50 words. And the distribution of these “fungal word lengths” closely matched those of human languages. “Assuming that spikes of electrical activity are used by fungi to communicate, we demonstrate that distributions of fungal word lengths match that of human languages,” he said. “We found that the size of fungal vocabulary can be up to 50 words; however, the core vocabulary of most frequently used words does not exceed 15 to 20 words.”However, Adamatzky also acknowledges that the species could be saying nothing at all. “There is also another option—they are saying nothing,” he said. “Propagating mycelium tips are electrically charged, and, therefore, when the charged tips pass in a pair of differential electrodes, a spike in the potential difference is recorded.” But whatever these “spiking events” represent, they do not appear to be random, he added. “That said, we should not expect quick results: we are yet to interpret language of cats and dogs despite living with them for centuries, and research into electrical communication of fungi is in its pure fresh stage,” Adamatzky said.1. What’s the discovery indicating mushrooms communicate with each other?2. The underlined word “spike” is close in meaning to ____.3. What can be inferred about Andrew Adamatzky’s experiment from paragraph 2?4. What did the scientist find about fungi’s communication?5. Which is Adamatzky’s idea about mushrooms’ communication in the last paragraph?

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California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual setting down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.1. How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?2. What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?3. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?4. What does the author say about deep wells?5. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?

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Soldiers act in ________ to the orders of their officers.【东北师范大学2017】

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________ of organic foods—a term whose meaning varies greatly—frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.【中国科学院2018】

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Obviously, there is a(n) ________ that management only wants to cut costs.【黑龙江大学2019】

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When the fire is out and the ________ are glowing, it’s time to call it a night.【山西大学2019】

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Some works of literature hold one’s interest to the very last page, but others serve only as a ________ to be kept handily at a bedside table.【湖南师范大学2017】

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Many immigrants were prepared to work hard in appalling conditions for the ________ of their descendants.【浙江工商大学2017】

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If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a ________, or there will be no tickets.【青岛理工大学2019】

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Pausing for just 25 seconds before buying a chocolate bar can be enough to see off the ________ in favor of a healthier snack, new research suggests.【上海社会科学院2018】

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