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The American anthropologists were making research into the customs ________ to these native tribes.

Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial resources ________ to larger enterprises.

Unlike photocopies of books, the digital copies are virtually identical in quality to the ________.

Although the conditions in which she chooses to live suggested that she is miserly (吝啬的), her contribution to worthwhile charities show that she is ________.

Many countries have adopted systems of ________ education in the 20th century in order to promote the average level of education.

Scientists believe that color blindness is a (an) ________ defect, and there is no cure of it.

At the end of the year our section head made a report concerning the whole year’s work which was so ________ that almost nothing had been omitted.

He is so ________ that he won’t change his plans when the situations call for it.

What happened in that class probably reflects what is happening in society ________.

Hardworking of the pioneers caused the ________ of large piece of desert into oasis (绿洲).

Medical experts believe that the high ________ of heart disease and high blood pressure is related to overabundance of cholesterol (胆固醇) in American diet.

It is said that the number of the people who died on highways has exceeded the ________ since the American Revolutionary War.

During the Christmas Season, all the supermarkets and shops promise great ________ so you can buy at a lower price than usual.

I couldn’t understand his ________ towards me at the party now that we’ve been good friends for ages.

In our culture, honesty has always been looked upon as an essential ________ of a person’s character.

The people on our street signed a ________ asking the city council for a new sidewalk.

If you go to the park every day in the morning, you’ll ________ find him doing shadow boxing there.

Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.What is the main idea of the passage?2.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?3.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.4.What does the word “daunting” (Para. 3) mean?5.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?

Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, men’s and women’s roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women’s liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional women’s jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.1.Which of the following best express the main idea of Paragraph 1?2.Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?3.In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture .4.It could be inferred from the passage that .5.The best title for the passage may be .

Nowadays, something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of _1_. A key ingredient is being _2_, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isn’t hard to _3_. It means that every person is responsible _4_ his or her actions and _5_ for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization _6_—honesty, kindness, generosity, decency—accountability may be the most important of all. _7_ it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law—and _8_, no society.My job _9_ a police officer is to impose accountability _10_ people who refuse, or have never learned. But as every cop knows, external controls on people’s _11_ are far less effective than _12_ restrains such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Yet more and more, especially in our large cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are _13_.The main cause of this breakdown is a radical _14_ in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was _15_, society was considered the victim. Now, in a stunning reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing; by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church failed to reach him with moral _16_, by the parents who didn’t provide a _17_ home.I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage _18_ criminal activities. If we exempt the criminal even partly, _19_ accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America _20_ need more and more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

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