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Previous vigorous economic growth is sputtering and the average Chinese citizen is less enthusiastic about accepting hazardous living conditions as a continual trade-off for economic growth. (1) Despite the literal and figurative grey forecast, I believe in the emerging potential of the Chinese people, in the power of creativity and the combination of those two.China has had its share of “aha” moments contributing to science, technology , art, and more recently to global business successes such as Alibaba, Tencent, and Xiaomi which have proven that China can innovate on a scale rivaling anything in the West.(2) China’s reputation as the “World’s Factory” is accurate only as an eye-catching headline description and I believe the Chinese have, to some extent, been unfairly mislabeled as lacking creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship.In the book, The Invisible Gorilla, authors Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris, bring to light the idea of “inattentional blindness” illustrated by their earlier study in which participants watch a video and are told to focus on a tight cluster of basketball players with the instructions to count the number of passes between them.Almost half of the participants fail to see a person, dressed in a gorilla suit, stroll into view, beats its chest, and walk out of view. Many of us simply miss this obvious distraction because we weren’t expecting to see it. (3) This explains how two people watching the same car wreck can set two completely different things, or how medical instruments left inside people after surgery cannot be seen by x-ray technicians and other physicians.Is the perceived lack of Chinese innovation and inability to think “outside the box another case of inattentional blindness” that Westerners apply to China? Are we just looking for examples of creative solutions through colored lenses based on our expectations of what we think it should look like?(4) A casual stroll down any busy street in China will yield many examples of people making do with the materials and resources at hand often coming up with creative, innovative solutions to problems, obstacles and challenges. They are undervalued, even ignored, because they are just “simple” solutions for daily problems lacking in potential cultural changing meaning or importance.The more we try to define creativity, the more elusive it becomes and seems about as explainable as the miracle of birth. We understand the biology, but only up to the point when magic happens. (5) This is when our understanding stops and we are left standing at the edge of our knowledge, scratching our heads as we marvel at the creation.

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The path to a career in medicine in the United States is well defined. Aspiring physicians must earn an undergraduate degree, complete four years of medical school, participate in a minimum of three years of graduate medical training, and pass three national examinations for licensure. (71)Preparation for one of the world's most highly respected careers often starts in high school by taking courses in biology, chemistry, and physics. Preparation continues during college, with particular attention to the courses needed for admission to medical school. Although the specific number of credits required for admission to medical school varies, the minimum college course requirements include one year of biology, two years of chemistry, and one year of physics, all with adequate laboratory experiences. (72) Candidates for admission to medical schools are also expected to have a solid background in English, the humanities, and the social sciences.Typically, the process of applying to medical school begins during the junior year of undergraduate study. One of the first steps is to take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) in the spring of the junior year. (73)The American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) facilitates applying to medical school by centralizing the submission of information and supporting materials. Students submit one set of application materials and one official transcript to AMCAS, which in turn distributes the information to participating institutions as designated by the applicant. (74)Admission committees, composed of faculty members from the basic and clinical sciences departments, screen and prioritize the applications. Academic ability and personal qualities are used to discern applicants’ qualifications for medical school. Academic ability is measured in terms of grades on undergraduate courses (with emphasis on the required science courses) and MCAT scores. (75) Most admission committees look for well-rounded individuals and strive to admit a diversified class.A. Loans, primarily sponsored by the federal government, are the major source of financial aid for medical school.B. Medical schools may require or strongly recommend taking mathematics and computer science courses in college, though only a small number demand a specific sequence of mathematics courses.C. An undergraduate major in the sciences is not a mandatory requirement for admission to medical school.D. Becoming a physician also demands a desire to work with people; intellectual, emotional, and physical stamina; and an ability to think critically to solve complex problems.E. Deadlines for receiving applications are determined by the individual medical schools.F. The test is designed to measure knowledge in the biological and physical sciences, the ability to read and interpret information, and communication skills.

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You might be wondering whether it would be easier to wait for medicine to develop high-tech gene therapies to correct any genetic weaknesses you have or might develop as you age. The problem with that line of thinking is that you may be dead before such research produces any benefits for the majority of people.(66) For example, reports of a “breast-cancer gene,” a “heart-disease gene”, or an “obesity gene” suggest that a single faulty gene causes each of these diseases. If this were the case, it might be relatively easy to develop gene therapies. But the “one gene, one disease” view is overly simplistic. (67) The truth is that only a very small number of people have “smoking gun” genes that predispose them to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, or other disorders.Although you don’t read about it very often, genetic research has clearly shown that degenerative diseases are actually “polygenic”. (68) Up to 5,000 malfunctioning genes set the stage for cardiovascular disease, almost 300 wayward genes are involved in asthma, and 140 faulty genes contribute to the problem of failing memory. And with the complex interplay of 30,000 genes and 3 billion units of DNA, it may very well be impossible ever to design truly effective multi-gene therapies to treat common diseases.(69) In most instances they have simply failed to work, and sometimes patients have developed cancer or died from mysterious causes. For example, many researchers have used genetically modified viruses to deliver disease-treating DNA. In some human experiments, these viruses missed their target and instead attached to the wrong gene, causing leukemia. (70)The massive research effort to turn gene therapy into a marketable product has for the most part ignored how genes depend on proper nourishment. Many scientists have been forced to accept the fact that thirty thousand genes cannot by themselves account for the phenomenal complexity of the human body. It is now becoming clear that vitamins and other nutrients directly and indirectly serve as cofactors in gene activity.A. That is, most diseases involve hundreds and sometimes thousands of genes that go wrong.B. But the science behind nutrition and genetics is solid, and nutrition has the advantage of helping without causing harm.C. The reason is that a lot of gene research has been misguided by wishful thinking and oversold to investors and the general public.D. The consequences of manipulating genes are often unpredictable, largely because of their inherent complexity.E. Another problem is that despite billions of dollars of research, gene therapies have so far been an utter failure.F. Only about 10 percent of women with breast cancer have one of the so-called breast-cancer genes.

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Last weekend, two new movies opened in art houses to mixed-to-positive notices. A Place At The Table, a documentary about hunger in America, got kinder reviews overall than Park Chan-wook’s dark coming-of-age film Stoker, with a 68 Metacritic score to Stoker’s 59. And I can understand why the numbers broke down like they did: A Place At The Table provides a lot of good information about the facts and myths behind a problem that affects upward of 50 million people, and it ought to leave any conscientious person seething with outrage. Stoker, for all its directorial flourishes, has trouble overcoming a scenario far more banal than the gothic mystique that swirls around it.And yet, rhetorically, I can’t understand it at all. I’ve often argued that the “movieness” of movies is undervalued—that we accept the indifferent, workmanlike craft of deliberate mediocrities over flashier, more conspicuous failures. But the “movieness” of documentaries rarely becomes an issue, which only encourages the stereotype of the documentary as a hearty gruel of talking heads and archival footage, spooned out as artlessly as the school lunches A Place At The Table criticizes so vociferously.The thinking that documentaries need merely to seek or present some kind of truth, regardless of how those truths are presented, strikes me as dated at a time when the elasticity of the format is constantly being tested. Why should documentaries be forgiven any more than fiction films for failing to use the medium expressively or dynamically? Why give a pass to bland info-dumps like A Place At The Table?“I hate most documentaries,” said Lucien Castaing-Taylor, co-director of the impressionistic new fishing doc Leviathan. “The moment I feel like I’m being told what to think about something, I feel that I want to resist the authority of the documentarian. We’re more interested in making films that are more open-ended, that ask the spectators to make their own conclusions. We’re always implicitly, if not explicitly, fighting against how bad documentary is. Documentary claims to have this privileged purchase on a truthful version of reality—it’s not fiction, this is the real—but most documentaries’ representation of the real is so attenuated and so discourse-based and language-based. We lie and we mystify ourselves with words. Words can only take us so far.”60. .What is true about A Place At The Table?61. .Which of the following is the best equivalent to the word “banal”?62. .In Paragraph 2, the author ( ).63. .What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?64. .Lucien Castaing-Taylor hates documentaries because ( ).65. .The reality most documentaries represent is ( ).

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Though few patients realize it, many doctors receive thousands of dollars from pharmaceutical companies for each patient enrolled in an experimental drug trial. The medication might be the best thing for the patient’s condition. The doctor’s motives might be pure. But patients should be able to find out about such payments so they can discuss them with their doctors and decide for themselves whether the doctor’s participation in an experiment might compromise his medical advice.A provision of the 2010 healthcare reform law should bring new transparency about these and other corporate payments to physicians—including lavish dinners, gifts and industry-sponsored conventions that are more luxury vacations than medical conferences—by publishing the information in an online database. But the final regulations to implement the Physician Payment Sunshine Act were supposed to be published in October 2011; the database was supposed to go live later this year. Instead, the regulations are 15 months overdue.As with the new food-safety act regulations, the sunshine rules have been drawn up by the appropriate agency but have been held up by the Office of Management and Budget. One theory for the delay, advanced by critics of the administration, is that President Obama wanted to avoid issuing regulations during election season, when the extent of government’s reach was a contentious issue. That would be a poor excuse, if true. In any case, the election is over; at this point the delay smacks more of bureaucratic inefficiency than political expediency.Most physicians put their patients’ well-being first, but a study showed that doctors who receive food from a company are more likely to prescribe that company’s products, even though they might not be doing it consciously.The sunshine act isn’t as strong as it should have been. Ideally, doctors would be the ones doing the divulging, making information about payments and gifts they have received readily available in their examining rooms. Not all patients will know about the online database or possess the savvy to use it. But the rules nonetheless are expected to influence behavior; public disclosure will make both physicians and drug companies more circumspect.One question in the minds of consumer advocates is how much disclosure will reveal. For instance, if a company gives a doctor a large sum to lead a drug trial and that doctor spreads the money among other physicians who enroll patients, it’s unclear whether those payments would be reported as coming from the drug company.54. .It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that ( ).55. From pharmaceutical companies, physicians may receive ( ).56. .This passage was published around ( ).57. .Which of the following is TRUE about the Sunshine Act?58. .The word “circumspect” in Paragraph 5 most probably means ( ).59. .According to the author, the sunshine act is not as strong as it should have been because ( ).

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The question of who lives at the expense of whom in the EU and who owes whom, migrants to the local population, or vice versa, is the most discussed in Europe. The issue is not foreign to the UK that has been promoting its policy of multiculturalism for many years. Pravda (a Russian newspaper) talked to experts to find out whether this policy was advantageous.Britain in recent decades has been flooded with immigrants from former colonies, which led to an increase in ethnic tensions in the country. The attempts to implement a policy of multiculturalism (failed in other European countries) have failed in the UK as well. This has been repeatedly stated by European political leaders. Kind statements by politicians and talk of tolerance could not quite muffle the mutual dislike. In the spring of 2013 in South London two British citizens of Nigerian origin killed a British soldier Lee Rigby, stabbing him in front of startled citizens. After this incident, Britain has faced a wave of anti-Muslim protests.It is important to remember that the vast majority of immigrants come from the former colonies of Great Britain. Liberation of the colonies has happened not that long ago. The last colony of the British Empire has gotten rid of oppression only in the second half of the 20th century.The colonial policy was replaced by the policy of multiculturalism, as immigrants from former colonies rushed into the UK and other European countries. These people were driven by dire necessity, to escape hunger and poverty they faced in the countries ruined by the colonial regime. The former colonizers have greeted them warmly. They offered social benefits, language courses, and education—everything to help the immigrants to adapt. Has an understanding been reached, or have the immigrants remained foreigners? Are the words of tolerance a mere formality with a fire of hatred smoldering beneath?Andrei Kulikov, a Senior Researcher with the Center for British Studies responded to the question of Pravda as follows:“The relationship of cultures, ethnicities, and races is currently a serious problem for the UK. When developing new educational standards, there are attempts to combine different cultural components. According to the last census, in some cities of England the number of immigrants is nearly equal to that of the indigenous population. One of the problems is that the newcomers tend to settle compactly, forming if not enclaves, then something similar to them.”48. The most discussed issue in Europe is ( ).49. .The underlined word in Para. 2 is closest in meaning to ( ).50. .What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?51. .People in colonies immigrated to Europe to ( ).52. .According to the passage, multiculturalism policy ( ).53. .What is true about the British population?

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Why are New York, Paris and Seoul losing people? To some observers, particularly the champions of the small and the suburban, this suggests an increasing irrelevance. To me, that’s missing the point.The shrinking of big-city populations has been both oversold and misinterpreted. Population is growing in some global cities, like Shanghai, London and Chicago. And in global cities where population is falling or stagnating, from New York to Manila, there is an inflow of highly educated 20- to 35-year-olds, along with an outflow of the very young and the old. What’s happening is a brutal triage: apartments that once held families now hold one single investment banker. And the space required by that single banker for offices, restaurants and shops can be two, three, four times more than that required by the family he or she replaces.This is, in part, why the urban glamour zone is expanding in all these cities, often dramatically. Shanghai has built 5,000 high-rises in just the past seven years, New York has transformed Times Square from derelict to prime real estate, and despite more than a decade of warnings about its imminent demise, Hong Kong’s property market still has so much momentum, it’s continuing to eat up more of its famous harbor. In global cities, fewer people often means more intense economic activity. If anything, the elites who populate these glamour zones need more specialized services than ever, because the more countries one operates in, the more complex the challenges become. Indeed, one of the most powerful but overlooked forces in the world economy today is the simple fact that firms, from agriculture to finance, are buying more services. Consider that while U.S. output grew at a 4.1 percent rate from 1999 to 2003, the U.S. output for finance, insurance and real estate grew 7.6 percent overall. Most economists have yet to pick up on the power of this trend, or what it means for big cities.The general rule is that the most complex and international services (high-end law, accounting, finance and management) congregate in the center, while more standardized and national segments of those same services get farmed out to midsize cities. Thus Goldman Sachs has moved a whole series of more standardized jobs including automated mass trading to New Jersey and Connecticut, but is building what is probably the world’s largest private trading floor in the Wall Street area.42. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?43. Shanghai, London and Chicago are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show ( ).44. The smaller population needs more space in big cities because single bankers ( ).45. What do Shanghai, New York and Hong Kong have in common?46. How do most economists respond to firms’ buying more services?47. What is true about Goldman Sachs?

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Not long ago, I stood on a corner near my home and watched as some of the 42,000 men, women and children participating in Boston’s Walk for Hunger strode by. Their 20-mile round-trip trek was a success, raising $3.6 million for food banks. It was as if, by burning calories, they were feeding the hungry.Still, the logic that united the walkers, the donors and the hungry mystified me. After years of witnessing such events I still wonder why we must be a nation in motion to secure aid for the needy. Why are benefactors moved by the sight of urban hordes headed for the suburbs and back? Why do such exertions trigger the charitable impulse?What I saw that morning in Boston was a resource diverted from its true purpose. Imagine those 210,000 man-hours (42,000 times a five-hour walk) put into direct service to benefit the poor. Think of the houses that might be built, roofs repaired, gardens planted and harvested, public spaces improved, and meals delivered to shut-ins.In the charitable ritual that has evolved, two sides expend energy, but only the sponsors’ efforts directly aid the poor. The others’ is pure sweat equity that goes nowhere but down the necks of the participants. Consider, too, the public resources expended: the rescue squads and medics along the way, the police sealing off urban arteries, the snarling of traffic. I do not question the sincerity of the participants, but in these mass mobilizations I see many lost opportunity costs. I recognize the value of exercise and companionship, but question why society values these schemes.The easy explanation, of course, is that there would be no giving—or not nearly so much—without the walks. Fund-raisers recognize that the nobility of giving is often stimulated by activities that conjoin the selfless with self-interest. For giving, we often offer value received. Raffles and auctions and naming rights are among the inducements used to win support. But that’s not what’s going on here.Those who oversee such fund-raising spectacles argue that there is more to these events than meets the eyes—mine included. These walks and runs are incubators for future volunteers and donors. They constitute a public proclamation that others matter. They make the invisible visible. More to the point, it is easier to get relatives, friends and colleagues to open their pocketbooks than it is to win over the largess of strangers.36. 42,000 people walked for 20 miles to ( ).37. What puzzled the author?38. In the third paragraph, the author thought that ( ).39. According to the writer, in charity efforts, ( ).40. The writer is doubtful about ( ).41. The strength of the fund-raising activities is ( ).

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Exercise can be a time-consuming affair for people who lead busy lives. Some merely use it as an excuse to (21) their personal fitness responsibilities, but others really do face a dilemma. Successful business executives often do not have much time for (22) workouts. And whenever they do have the time, they usually don’t feel up to it.It is a fact of modern life that time equals money. However, time (23) equals health! It is no use having all the riches in the world (24) poor health won’t allow us to enjoy it. Our health is a priceless commodity. (25) how much money we spend on state-of-the-art fitness equipment, expensive nutritional supplements (26) trendy health club memberships, our personal fitness will always be a long-term (27) that requires a minimum amount of time and effort.(28) research suggests that exercise does not have to take up much of your day. Moderate activities done at (29) throughout the day can be as beneficial as demanding, serious workouts. Forget the rigid workout schedules. Do whatever you can (30) you can, as long as you do it on a regular basis. Short bits of exercise can be just as (31) as long workouts. Traditional recommendations stated that people had to exercise (32) for at least 30 minutes at least three times a week to obtain health benefits. More (33) recommendations state that short bouts of activity of at least 10 minutes (34), several times a day, can be just as effective. Try to (35) 30 minutes or more a day of moderately strenuous activities on most days of the week. It all adds up in the end!

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