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To survive in the intense market competition, we must （）the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.

The government （）a mass campaign to wipe out malaria in this area.

The judge doesn’t know whether the witness is telling the truth, but he will （）it.

The audience waited in （）silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.

We saw the canoe （）, throwing its passengers into the water.

The previous week she’d brought home a greasy-haired biker with all （）over his arms.

When you fill in the application form, please use your （）address so that we can contact you easily later.

Directions: In this part, you are to write a composition with Learn whatever it may be, whenever you can and wherever you will. Your composition should contain the three key points given below with a length over 200 words. Please remember to write clearly.1. give your viewpoint on the statement2. support your viewpoint with one or more examples3. bring what you have discussed to a natural conclusion

在全球经济放缓的情况下，为何大宗商品价格却在飙升呢？流行的解释似乎是“投机”。但是，由于投机是无时不在的，这无法解释为什么现在价格猛涨。另一个流行的解释是美国大幅放宽货币政策。但这很难解释这样一个事实：按照欧元计算，油价也在快速上涨。同时，投机也无法解释那些没有活跃期货市场的大宗商品价格的上涨。(参考词汇：commodity prices; soar; speculation; ease; monetary policy; euro; futures market)

The idea that a quick recession would purge the world of past excesses is ludicrous. The danger is, instead, of a slump, as a mountain of private debt — in the US, equal to three times GDP — topples over into mass bankruptcy. The downward spiral would begin with further decay of financial systems and proceed via pervasive mistrust, the vanishing of credit, closure of vast numbers of businesses, soaring unemployment, tumbling commodity prices, cascading declines in asset prices and soaring repossessions. Globalization would spread the catastrophe everywhere.

Currently, China is in the midst of a challenging transition. A rapidly aging population, increasing debt, and declining returns on fixed asset investment place new burdens on the economy. Because of aging, the labor force is expected to peak this year and begin a long decline that could reduce its size by 16 percent by 2050. By 2030, China’s dependency ratio — the percentage of the population that is not in the labor force (mostly the elderly and children) — will reach 47 percent. This is far sooner, in terms of GDP per capita, than in countries such as Japan or the United States.

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback — a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen ― and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent — and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance — have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.1. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that （）.2. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have （）.3. According to the author, health-savings plans will （）.4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that （）.5. Which of the following is the best title for this text?

Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points ― periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.1. Which of the following best states the main point of the text?2. The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?3. The author of the text suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as（） .4. The author of the text puts the word “deepest” (Last Line, Paragraph 3) in quotation marks most probably in order to（） .5. In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT （）.

It took the media a while to acknowledge that most of Katrina’s victims were black. Apparently, it will take longer to mention that most of the victims were women and children. I noticed three commentators who brought up the delicate subject of the mostly missing males — George Will, Gaiy Bauer, and Thomas Bray, a columnist for the Detroit News. Will noted that 76 percent of births to Louisiana’s African—Americans are to unmarried women, and probably more than 80 percent are in New Orleans, since that is the usual estimate in other inner cities. Will wrote: “That translates into a large and constantly renewed cohort of lightly parented adolescent males, and that translates into chaos, in neighborhoods and schools, come rain or come shine.” A good deal of hard evidence shows that this is so. Two decades of research produced a consensus among social scientists of both left and right that family structure has a serious impact on children, even when controlling for income, race, and other variables. In other words, we are not talking about a problem of race but about a problem of family formation or, rather, the lack of it. The best outcomes for children ― whether in academic performance, avoidance of crime and drugs, or financial and economic success — are almost invariably produced by married biological parents. The worst results are by never-married women. In a policy brief released last week, the Washington-based Institute for Marriage and Public Policy, looked at 23 recent studies dealing with family structure and youth crime. In 19 of the 20 studies that found family structure to have an effect, children from nonintact or single-parent families had a higher rate of crime or delinquency. Neighborhoods with lots of out-of-wedlock births have lots of crime. Unfortunately, one study said that the more single-parent families there were in a neighborhood, the more crime there was among two-parent kids living around them. Again, these studies are controlled for race. Adolescents in single-parent families were almost twice as likely to have pulled a knife or a gun on someone in the past year. This was after controlling for many demographic variables, including race, gender, age, household income, and educational level of parents. In a large sample of students in 315 classrooms in 11 cities, the “single most important variable” in gang involvement was found to be family structure. In other words, the greater the number of parents at home, the lower the level of gang involvement. A study of American Indian families found that living in a two-parent family reduced gang involvement by more than 50 percent. Another study concluded that out-of-wedlock childbearing had a large effect on the rate of arrests for murder, an effect that “seems to have gotten stronger over time.” “Adolescents in married, two-biological-parent families generally fare better than children in any of the family types examined here.” one study reported. The other family types studied were single mother, cohabiting stepfather, and married stepfather families.1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?2. The best results for children come almost certainly from （）.3. The phrase “out-of-wedlock births” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) probably means （）.4. Which of the following is true of children’s gang involvement?5. Which is a good family structure for child bearing?

Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we （） during the day.

I find records are often （）or better than an actual performance.

Little （）how happy I had been.

（） is his own decision.

I think it advisable that he （）Tokyo soon.

In selecting a material, the engineer’s interest is in its properties which determine how it will perform under the loads and condition （）it is subject.

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