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The new carbon fiber tennis rackets are ________ unbreakable.

It would be much more satisfactory if new ideas were ________ rewarded for hard work and persistent effort.

If you act in ________ of international agreement, you will be sued.

The little girl was ________ her big brother by trying to walk like him.

Violence is just one of the many problems ________ in city life.

You cannot rely on his promise. It sounds ________ even in his own ears.

The conference was seen as an ideal ________ for increased cooperation between the member states.

There is a reasonable ________ of reaching the trapped child before it gets dark.

He has gone to the reception desk, ________ to check out.

I cannot go. I ________ it to him to stay.

The male bird displays several ________ which distinguish him from the female.

Mary’s principal ________ was international fame as a scientist and she had been working hard to attain it.

Our conversation moved from the general to the ________.

Her remarks seemed ________, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.

The book will be published by Cambridge University Press in ________ with the British Museum.

I think the ________ thing to do is to phone before you go and ask for directions.

Does modern technology make our life more convenient, or was our life better when technology was simpler? What’s your opinion? Use examples to illustrate your point. Your essay should be no less than 250 words.

在中西方信息交流中，中国读到的关于西方的信息一向要远远多于西方读到的关于中国的信息。中国早在上个世纪初就开始大量翻译介绍西方的文学和科学书籍，现在力度更大，翻译作品有着广泛的阅读群体。一个中国学生要考大学，就不可能不了解一些英国文学和工业革命的历史。而且随着越来越多的中国人能阅读英语，在北京、上海的书店里能看到整架整架的英文原版书籍。但这种交流并不平衡，在西方，甚至学校和图书馆都很少见到关于现代中国的书籍，更不用说在书店里了。

We Americans hand out approximately $750,000,000 annually in tips, or three quarters of a billion dollars, according to the United States Department of Commerce. Of this amount about $450,000 goes to restaurant employees. The rest greases the open palms of hotel porters, taxi drivers, beauticians, barbers, parking lot attendants, bartenders, and a host of others who expect gratuities from the public for their services.In spite of these magnanimous figures, however, tipping is generally an unpopular and disliked custom in the United States. According to a survey on the subject, 65.1% of the persons queried definitely disapprove of tipping, only 22.2% approve, 12% are undecided.A laborer should be worthy of his hire, no matter what his field. He shouldn’t depend on the gratuities of the public. Yet, the United States Chamber of Commerce reports that there were 1,800,000 persons who depend on tips for the majority part of their income.This dependency on tips puts the worker in an unfair position. He has grown to expect them as his earnings and not as a token of appreciation for the extra service he has given. He is often filled with resentment when he isn’t tipped, or not tipped highly enough because, to him, those gratuities are important as bread-and-butter money.The customer, on the other hand, is placed in an uncomfortable position, as well as what he thinks is an unfair one. The uncomfortable feeling comes usually from not knowing exactly how much he should tip. Practically, everyone above the age of fifteen has read the “etiquette rules” of how much to tip and when. But if these rules were printed in books or magazines four or five years ago, he can be sure that they’re substandard for today’s tipping. Prices have gone up, and if the customer doesn’t know it, or acts as if he doesn’t, he’ll receive bullet glances which denounces him as subhuman. For instance, ten or fifteen cents to a train porter for carrying one bag used to be acceptable. The present price is twenty-five. Ten per cent of the restaurant check was a standard rule a few years back. Today, it is fifteen, and in the so-called better places, more. Since there are so many variations to the rules, a customer is often in a quandary as to whether the “rule” holds good in his particular situation.The term “tip” originated in a London coffee house in Fleet Street where Samuel Johnson and his cronies frequently visited during the eighteen century. On the table was a bowl with the words, “To insure Promptitude,” printed around it. The phrase was later shortened to “Tip,” taking the first letter of each of the three words.Today a person is expected to leave a tip even though the service has been slow and indifferent. The unfairness of the tipping racket, as far as the customer is concerned, hinges on the feeling that he is being pressured into carrying part of the employer’s burden. If he pays a good price for his haircut, why should he tip the barber? Isn’t it up to the employer to provide a decent wage for him? Or, when he stays in a hotel and pays that bill, why should he give the maid extra money for coming in to clean his room? Isn’t her salary a definite duty of hotel management?It seems to him that tipping is the employers’ way out of responsibility. They pass the buck of their workers’ salaries on to the customer.1. According to the last sentence of Paragraph 1, the author means that the money .2. According to Paragraph 2, the percentage of the respondents disliking tipping is .3. The customer feels unhappy about tipping for the reasons mentioned in the passage EXCEPT .4. The word “tip” originated in .5. It seems to customers that tipping is a good way for an employer to .

The English men and women who fled their farms and villages in the late 18th century to seek a better life in the factories of burgeoning Manchester, Leeds and Bradford found no streets paved with gold. Rather, they encountered disease, malnutrition and often brutality. In his book The City, Joel Kotkin cites the West Indian slave-holder who, on a visit to Bradford, could not believe that anyone could “be so cruel as to require a child of nine to work 12½ hours a day.” Yet by 1850, says Mr. Kotkin, this time quoting Alexis de Tocqueville, there was in Britain “at every step... something to make the tourist’s heart leap.” Social activists and enlightened professionals had brought about legislative reforms; and the benefits of mechanization, plus wages pushed up by trade unions, had enabled the poor to start buying the sort of cheap goods they were helping to make. Cities now seemed almost heroic. Can today’s urban poor expect to see a similar transformation?In many places, such as India, says Eduardo Lopez-Moreno, head of the UN’s Global Urban Observatory, new migrants to the towns are no better off than they were in the country. And in poorer nations generally the proportion of urban poor is actually increasing faster than the rate of urbanization. But the hope that keeps poor people in cities is not always vain. Asia shows that even a region in which 40% of the inhabitants already live in cities, and which is urbanizing almost as fast as Africa, is not condemned to misery forever.In the early 1970s over half of Asians were poor; they could expect to live, on average, to an age of only 48 years; and two-fifths of adults were illiterate. Today the proportion of poor people is about a quarter, life expectancy has risen to 69 years, and about 70% can read and write. That does not mean that everyone has benefited. Far from it: Asia still accounts for two-thirds of the world’s poor, of whom 250 million are in cities. But even the urban poor of South Asia, who have been largely by-passed by the growth that has lifted East Asia, have reason to hope for better times.Not much of it is coming the way it did in the 19th century, though. It is true that activists and donors are beginning to take an interest in cities, and ideas are now circulating about upgrading slums and attacking urban poverty. Some of these concern the problems of illegal squatting, which are now well known. With no title to your shack you have no incentive to improve it, no way to insure it, no collateral with which to secure a loan: you are locked in poverty. Yet there is money in slums, and enterprise. One way to unlock the enterprise is to encourage a majority of the local residents to form a savings group or a cooperative and ask the municipality to grant collective development rights, some of which may be used in the slum and some sold out.1. Which word best describes the English peasants after they came to the cities in the late 18th century?2. Alexis de Tocqueville .3. Which of the following statements is true?4. The word it in the first line of the last paragraph refers to .5. The author believes that the solution to urban poverty in slums is to .

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