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His thoughts were（）from this painful topic by the sudden arrival of a neighbor.

The performance of this reasonably priced record player is（）in quality to that of some more expensive hi-fi sets.

The criminal always paid（）cash so the police could not track him down.

The goals（）he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

Humble（）it may be, there is no place more like home.

（）of the three sisters you choose to marry, you will have a good wife.

He carried the parcel home himself, but he（）so, the shop could have sent it.

No matter how frequently（）, the works of Beethoven always attract large audience.

I couldn’t find（）, and so I took this one.

Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper（）it closely.

They（）out because the light is on.

The United Nations（）much to world peace and order.

Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways.While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect.In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself. Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true.Likewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural. You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you’ve been cheated.Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana’s funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers.But, being yourself doesn’t work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience.I remember going to see British psychiatrist R. D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it.The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of “flow”，as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.1. “This” in Paragraph Two refers to（）.2. Which of the following is NOT the author’s viewpoint?3. What is the author’s view on personality?4. The author implies that while speaking R. D. Laing（）.5. In the last paragraph the author recommends that（）.

In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First. Let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”，but “text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are” .Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”，two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters” those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.1. When people plan to meet nowadays, they（）.2. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are most likely to be seen on（）.3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are（）.4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?5. An appropriate title for the passage might be（）.

Dear Sirs,Your shipment of twelve thousand “Smart” watches was received by our company this morning. However, we wish to make a number of complaints concerning the serious delay in delivery and your failure to carry out our specific instructions with regard to this order.It was stressed from the beginning that the delivery date had to be less than six weeks from the initial order, in order to meet our own customers’ requirements. While we understand that delays in production are occasionally inevitable, we must point out that the major reason why the order was placed with your company was because we were assured by you of its speed of delivery, and that your existing stocks were sufficiently high to ensure immediate shipment. Late delivery of the goods has caused us to disappoint several of our most valued customers, and is bound to have a negative effect on potential future orders.The second complaint concerns the difference in color between the watches we ordered and those delivered. It was stated clearly in the original order that watches in combinations of green/ purple and orange/purple only were required. However, only half the watches in the delivery received are of the colors specified. Our Hong Kong agent assures us that she stressed to you the importance of following our instructions precisely, since we consider there to be only a limited market in this country for watches of other colors at the present time. Any watches that are not of the specified colors will, of course, be returned to you.We are also somewhat concerned about the rather poor quality of the goods received, since it is apparent that the watches that finally arrived have been produced from inferior materials and have been manufactured to a lower standard than those in the sample. We have also found that a number of the watches do not appear to be functioning. Whether the latter problem is due to poor manufactures, damage during transportation or bad batteries is not yet clear, but we should like to point out that we feel this matter to be entirely your responsibility.As a result of the above problems, therefore, we feel that the most suitable course of action is to return to you unpaid any of the goods considered unsatisfactory, and to subtract any resultant costs from our final settlement. We shall also, of course, be forced to reconsider whether any further orders should be placed with your company.We look forward to your prompt reply. Yours sincerely, John Smith1. The manufacturers of “Smart” watches were given the order because（）.2. Receiving watches in the wrong colors is a problem because（）.3. “The latter problem” in paragraph 4 refers to（）.4. The last sentence of paragraph 5 “We shall also, of course, be forced to... with your company” suggests that（）.5. The purpose of this letter is to（）.

Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereas many philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intrinsic value and the utilitarians at least have always accepted that the pleasures and pains of nonhuman animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad if dodos become extinct or a rain forest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only because of the loss to humans or other sentient creatures? Or is there more to it than that? Some philosophers are now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers, species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have a value independent of the instrumental value they may have for humans or other sentient creatures.Our concern for the environment also raises the question of our obligations to future generations. How much do we owe to the future? From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing. For we can benefit them, but they are unable to reciprocate. Most other ethical theories, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, for one, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less consideration to their interests than we give to our own, provided only that we are certain that they will exist and will have interests that will be affected by what we do. In the case of, say, the storage of radioactive wastes, it seems clear that what we do will indeed affect the interests of generations to come.The question becomes much more complex, however, when we consider that we can affect the size of future generations by the population policies we choose and the extent to which we encourage large or small families. Most environmentalists believe that the world is already dangerously overcrowded. This may well be so, but the notion of overpopulation conceals a philosophical issue that is ingeniously explored by Derek Parfit in Reasons and Persons (1984). What is optimum population? Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible? Or is it the size at which the total amount of welfare—the average multiplied by the number of people—is as great as possible? Both answers lead to counterintuitive outcomes, and the question remains one of the most baffling mysteries in applied ethics.1. The first paragraph is mainly about（）.2. We owe nothing to the future generations（）.3. Population policy we take should be considered（）.4. According to this passage, optimum population（）.5. The proper title for this passage should be（）.

Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of at least 200 words based on the topic “Tradition and Innovation”.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide reasons or your experiences to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

Translate the following text into Chinese.

Translate the following text into English.

Be sure not to mention this when you（）about this problem.

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