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Too much（）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.

What type of automobile would you buy（）?

The electric shaver（） before it can be used.

（）is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions of human knowledge is widely accepted.

He（）spends his holidays in the mountains though occasionally he goes to the seaside instead.

The changes in this city have occurred（）.

Roberts is a noted chemist（）.

There has not been a great response to the sale,（）?

The teacher suggested that her students（）experiences with ESP.

Last year, Matt earned（）his brother, who has a better position.

There were two small rooms in the beach house,（）served as a kitchen.

Whether you are logging on to your personal computer, using a credit card, or disarming a door security system, passwords or PINs (personal identification numbers) guard access to numerous regular operations.It is estimated that within ten years, consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords, how can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to be secure yet are simple enough to remember?There are basic guidelines to bear in mind. Don’t use as a password your name or that of a member of your family, even in modified form. Also avoid using your telephone number, your Social Security number, or your address. Such information can easily be obtained by a determined hacker.In addition, if possible, don’t use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits. A relatively simple computer program can crack such a code quickly. Finally, do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that contain words, place names, and proper names from all languages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelled backward, capitalized, or combined.So, what kinds of passwords should be used? Usually ones that have a minimum of six to eight characters and that have a mixture of upper-and lower-case letters, digit and punctuation symbols. How difficult is it to crack such a combination of characters? One source says, “A machine that could try one million passwords per second would require, on the average, over one hundred years.”How can you choose a combination that is easy to remember? Some suggest that you take the title of a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password, adding capital letters, punctuation, or other characters. For example, “to be or not be” could become “2B/not 2B.”Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them with a punctuation character, such as “High? Bug” or “Song; Tree”.Taking into account the suggestions outlined above can help you to protect important information from unwanted hackers. Remember, too, the importance of changing your passwords regularly. Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decide to use, don’t pick any of the examples given above.1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. Why shouldn’t we use a word that can be found in any dictionary as a password?3. If you are choosing a password for your computer, which of the following is the best choice?4. How can you choose a password that is both secure and simple to remember?5. The word “Given” in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（）.

Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and 1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming “demographic cliff” will see vast numbers of skilled workers dispatched from the labor force. The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers aged between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades, while those aged 20-29 will decrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share in the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have increased by more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35-to-44-year-olds decline by 10%.Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65，companies have a looming problem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they have handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of human-resources directors by IBM last year concluded: “When the baby-boomer generation retires, many companies will find out too late that a career's worth of experience has walked out the door, leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void.”Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defense, for example, as much as 40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. At the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline.A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlier this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying in Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to work for his engineering company there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world tomorrow?If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to older workers. The AARP, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list of the best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because they are one of the industries most in need of skilled labor. Other sectors similarly affected, says the Conference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government.Near the top of the AARP’ s latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsense industrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deere’ s 46,000 employees are over 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that — flexible working, telecommuting, and so forth — also coincidentally help older workers to extend their working lives. The company spends “a lot of time” on the ergonomics of its factories, making jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the world’s most advanced manufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labor available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMW recently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.Needs must when the devil drives. Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retired people for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000 registered alumni, and about 25% of its “experienced” new recruits are former employees who return after an absence.But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young found that “although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire, it is not dealing with the issue.” Almost three-quarters of the 1,400 global companies questioned by Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to five years. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer are looking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and America complain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boards when the pool of retired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds.Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the only way to cope with a falling supply of labor. The participation of developing countries in the world economy has increased the overall supply—whatever the local effect of demographics in the rich countries. A vast amount of work is being sent offshore to such places as China and India and more will go in future. Some countries, such as Australia, are relaxing their immigration policies to allow much needed skills to come in from abroad. Others will avoid the need for workers by spending money on machinery and automation.1. According to the passage, the most serious consequence of baby-boomers approaching retirement would be（）.2. The following are all the measures that companies have adopted to cope with the ageing workforce EXCEPT（）.3. “The company spends ‘a lot of time’ on the ergonomics of its factories” means that（）.4. In the author’s opinion,American firms are not doing anything to deal with the issue of the ageing workforce mainly because（）.5. Which of the following best describes the author’s development of argument?

A bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy colored fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Babylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. Its towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far comer. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favorite floor, where an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamor of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, a sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.1. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests that（）.2. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT（）.3. In its context the statement that “the place was built for him” means that the café was intended to（）.4. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?5. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that（）.

Write on the ANSWER SHEET a letter of about 150 words based on the following situation:Suppose you are interested in being a visiting scholar at New York University, the United States. Write an application letter, stating your personal qualities, accomplishments and other reasons why you are among those best suited to learn at that university.

Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 250 words based on the topic “Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment”?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part，provide one or two reasons or your experience (s) to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.In the United State of America houses have changed as social customs changed. At first, American houses followed the patterns brought from Europe by the early immigrants, but, since timber was the most easily obtained material, boarded walls and shingle roofs largely replaced bricks and tiles. Lately, different regions have evolved their own methods of house building to suit local conditions; for instance, a low rambling house with widely spreading eaves, is typical of the Pacific coast. In addition, the plan of the house has begun to change as the American way of life has diverged more and more from the European. Houses are less formal, and rooms merge one into the other, providing more space for general family life and fewer rooms for special purposes.

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.互联网是20世纪最重大的科技发明之一，将深刻地影响人类社会文明进程。目前，全世界网民数量达到30亿，普及率达到40%，全球范围内实现了网络互联、信息互通，世界真正变成了地球村。本次大会回应了国际社会的关切，对于推动全球互联网均衡、安全、可持续发展，更好发挥互联网在世界经济社会发展中的重要作用，促进各国人民共享互联网发展成果，增进人类福祉，具有十分重要的意义。

The bar in the club is for the（）use of its members.

She’s always been kind to me — I can’t just turn（）on her now that she needs my help.

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