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Prior to the purchase of the flat, the couple wanted to make sure that they would have compatible neighbors.

A lot of children have been deprived of a normal home life.

What does “success” mean in a career? This seemingly simple question is complex indeed. In many cultures, success is often defined in terms of money, status and power. There’s nothing wrong with that. In fact, it’s a definition that works for lots of people. The problem is, success viewed in this way doesn’t work for everyone. Explain your individual view of career success in the essay with adequate examples in no fewer than 300 words. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

Directions: Translate the underlined part of the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet. (10 points)As individuals, trade magazine readers are busy, concerned about saving time, and deluged information. Chances are good that they will skim more than they read, and they will “read” many articles by selecting only sections that appeal to them.Moreover, the readership of any magazine consists of an assortment of subgroups. This may sound like it contradicts what we have said earlier about the narrow focus of trade magazines. But really there is no contradiction: Some trade magazines—“horizontal” or “functional” magazines are created specifically to embrace diverse audiences of readers who share a particular interest. (Take for example Folio, which is read by magazine professionals of all disciplines—editorial, circulation, advertising, and production.) But even in the narrowest “vertical” magazine, there will be subgroups. At the very least, a magazine will have subcategories based on experience—beginners seeking a secure footing in the field, secure professionals seeking to expand their already substantial knowledge, and experts who want to keep current on and learn of new developments, but who may read the magazine as much to find out what people in the field think or are working on.These observations all lead to the same conclusions: Whenever you write, you should assume that most of your audience will read your article in an altered form. Some will skim, taking in the general outlines, and pausing here and there to absorb details. Others will hunt down isolated facts that interest them. Still others will read your story in a different order than you intended, or will attempt to use the story in a manner at cross purposes to your intention—treating a technical article as a phone book of information resources, or extracting intelligence on competitors from a profile of a major supplier. No matter how they read your story, your readers will probably be working quickly. They need internal summaries of material they may not read in full, and labels—verbal or typographic—to help them find what they are looking for.

Directions: Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on the answer sheet. (10 points)春暖花开之日，人们的视野里满是粉桃白李，绿野芳踪；秋风瑟瑟之际，人们的视野里尽为衰草枯枝，黄叶遍地。因此而引发了多少伤春悲秋的感叹。但这些感叹却实际出于心灵的视野，超乎眼睛看到的范围。一个热爱生命的、富于想象的人，他的心灵“看”到、更感受到的，远远超过他的目力所及。这样的话，即使他是盲人，也能拥有一个绚烂多姿的世界。反之，有的人虽耳闻目睹人间百态，却不会用心去体察、领悟，那么他心灵的视野就只是一片茫茫的白色。如果处在心灵的荒漠中，谁都会为这无际的空虚而感到寂寞、孤独甚至恐惧。其实，这荒漠只是视野中的“海市蜃楼”。“外面的世界”歌声依旧悦耳，花草依旧芳艳，热情的朋友们正向你走来。只要你自己能够拨开眼前的迷雾，仔细审视“视野”中的景象，正视内心的细微感动，就会发现视野中的美景，自然而然地摆脱这无援的境地。

(1) World War II, television has become the most popular mass communications (2) in history—perhaps the first mass medium to reach all segments and groups in a society. Next (3) sleeping and working, Americans spend the greatest part of their time (4) television, and TV viewing clearly is a (5) social activity in some other countries as well.The extent of (6) impact (7) society is yet to be fully documented, and it is difficult to pinpoint its (8) in any specific instance. Nevertheless, the outline of some factors seems clear. (9) a little more than one generation, television has (10) hopes for a higher standard of living; it has become a significant agent in the (11) of children; it has served (12) a major source of news and entertainment; and it has provided a medium of communications that has (13) election campaigns and the role of political parties.George Gerbner, an American scholar in (14) communications, has said, “Television has profoundly (15) what we call the process of socialization, the process (16) which members of our species become human.” It is anticipated that the influence of television (17) social patterns probable will become stronger (18) succeeding generations are transmitted a culture via this medium. Nevertheless, it would be wrong to think of a viewer merely as an apathetic body sitting (19) in front of his set each day. Each person selects the programs he wants to see, (20) the content of the program in his own way, and later remembers only the part that is meaningful to his life-style.

Directions: You are going to read some information about some companies. For questions 21-30, choose from the companies (A-H). Some of the companies may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at the beginning (O). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.Which company or companies:is proud of their research programme? (0) (F)deals with communication links? (1) ( )is partly owned by the management? (2) ( )states it does not work in Europe? (3) ( )states it is concerned with the whole family? (4) ( )profit from natural resources? (5) ( ) (6) ( )directly exchange money? (7) ( ) (8) ( )make medicine? (9) ( ) (10) ( )FINANCIAL TIMES ANNUAL REPORT SERVICEChoose which of the following reports you wish to have sent to you:A. TVX Gold Inc.TVX Gold Inc. is a Canadian-based growth-oriented international mining company with 1993 gold and gold equivalent production of a record 439,000 ounces at an average cash cost of $172 per ounce from its interests in six operating gold mines located in North and South America. The strengths of TVX Gold include quality reserves, long mine life, low average cash costs and increase in production, and a new, experienced and aggressive management team.B. StatoilStatoil is an integrated Norwegian oil and gas company and ranks as the leading operator on Norway’s continental shelf. Operations are also pursued in 20 other countries. The group reported a profit before taxation of NOK 12 billion in 1993 as against NOK 9.9 billion the year before. The increase was due to a high level of production, a reduction in operating costs and improved financial results.Statoil is organized in four business areas—Exploration and Production, Natural Gas, Oil Trading and Shipping, and Refining and Marketing. From 1994 Statoil’s involvement in Petrochemicals has been transferred to Borealis, a new petrochemical company owned 50 per cent by Neste. After the hive-off of its petrochemical operation in 1994, the group has about 12,000 employees.C. The Rabobank GroupWith total assets of NLG 253.2 billion the Dutch Rabobank Group ranks among the top 20 banks in Europe and the top 50 worldwide. Over the past two decades, the bank has gradually expanded its international network to cover strategic geographic areas. It comprises now 47 offices in the world’s major financial and commercial centers. The Group’s “central bank”, Rabobank Nederland, operates as a wholesale house, specializing in serving major national and international corporations and in operations on the financial markets. Besides dealing room and treasury activities, the bank offers corporate financial services (including consultancy on mergers, acquisitions and participations) as well as comprehensive package of international services through its international network.D. Roberts PharmaceuticalsRoberts Pharmaceuticals (NASDAZ: RPCX) is fast realizing its goal of becoming a major pharmaceutical company whose divers products contribute to the health and well-being of all age groups. Roberts has successfully combined an aggressive product development programme with strategic acquisitions, to create a profitable company with a well-balanced production portfolio concentrated in six major therapeutic categories.E. TeliaThe Telia Group offers public and private networks for telephony, data communications and mobile telephony. Together with PTT Netherlands and Swiss PTT, Telia is co-owner of Unisource. In 1993, the Telia Group’s revenues totaled UDS $4.5 billion. Return on capital employed was 14.5 per cent. Telia invested a total of USD 910 million.F. RocheRoche is a Swiss-based international health-care group employing 56,000 people worldwide. It is a research-driven company with a leading position in biotechnology and activities covering the entire health spectrum of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Roche has gained a high reputation for the quality of its innovative research and the original contribution it has made to the development of new drugs. In addition to pharmaceuticals Roche is engaged in the fields of vitamins and fine chemicals, diagnostics, fragrances and flavours.G. BSSBSS is a Swiss bank with all that this applies in terms of tradition, experience, security and confidentiality. BSS is owned by the “Fondation de Famille Sandoz” and by key executives of the bank. The bank focuses on asset management for private and institutional clients and offers a wide range of securities and banking services including global custody, forex and stock exchange operations.H. Saga Petroleum a.s.In 1993, Saga Petroleum had an operating profit of NOK 1694 million and a profit before taxes of NOK 1006 million. The Group’s proved and probable oil and gas reserves total 1,474 million tons of oil equivalent, of which 44 per cent is oil. In terms of reserves, Saga is among the largest independent upstream companies in the world. It is Saga’s intention to further strengthen its position on the Norwegian shelf, and to utilize the company’s expertise and capacity gradually to develop its international activities.Saga’s objective is to give the company’s share-holders the highest possible return on their investment through efficient operations and strict requirements to the profitability of new products.

The word “biodiversity” is a term heard with increasing frequency in the ongoing debate over how best to protect the world’s environment, and more specifically, how to preserve its rapidly dwindling numbers of plant and animal species. In very general terms, “biodiversity” refers to the number of plant and animal species that can be found in a particular habitat or ecosystem. This is apparently a very simple concept, but the simplicity of it belies its significance. A better popular understanding of the real meaning of biodiversity and of its importance to the circumstances in which we presently find ourselves is critical to the success of efforts to protect the environment, and therefore essential to our own survival.Global biodiversity, which is the total number of plant and animal species existing on the planet at any one time, can only be estimated; and only very roughly estimated at that. Undoubtedly, many species remain to be discovered. Some of these, such as insects and microscopic life, are small enough to have escaped our notice, while others dwell in areas we have only begun to explore; the species inhabiting the deepest ocean depths, for example. It must also be remembered that we are in the midst of a mass extinction event. Species are now disappearing at a rate estimated to be between 1,000 and 10,000 times faster than the average for the history of life on earth. Taken together, these two uncertain elements prevent the global biodiversity estimate from becoming much more than an educated guess. The current best estimate is somewhere in the neighborhood of 100 to 200 million species.This number, while it may be of some interest to nonscientists, isn’t of much real value to researchers. They are generally more concerned with local biodiversity. Despite the apparent enormity of the number of species that inhabit the earth as a whole, local biodiversity—the number of species found in any one habitat—fluctuates greatly as we cross the boundaries separating the ecosystems that make up the Earth’s biosphere. It reaches its highest levels on the coral reefs and in the tropical rain forests where there may be thousands of species per acre.Of course, it is this value—the measure of local biodiversity—that is most useful for anyone concerned with assessing the health of an ecosystem or protecting it from destruction. In measuring the biodiversity of a particular ecosystem, biologists are usually quite impartial when weighing the relative significance of each species. Most are assigned a value of one, the total number of species then representing the target value. However, there are two conditions under which one species may be weighted more heavily than others. This would certainly be the case for any species that by virtue of its genetic uniqueness would constitute a special loss to the global gene pool in the event of its extinction. The tuatara is a good example of just such a species. As the only surviving member of a family of reptiles that, except for it, died out 60 million years ago, the tuatara qualifies on grounds of genetic uniqueness to be weighted more heavily in calculating the biodiversity of its habitat.A species may be accorded bonus points in the biodiversity equation for another reason as well; it may be deemed more significant by virtue of the role it plays in the ecosystem. An example of this would be the California sea otter. [A] The preferred food of this species of marine mammal is the sea urchin; a marine invertebrate, which feeds on a certain type of sea grass known as kelp. [B] Were it not for the otter’s contribution in controlling the sea urchin population, the undersea kelp forest would surely be decimated by a dramatic increase in the population of sea urchins. [C] This would remove a key supporting element—the kelp—from the habitat of many fish and invertebrate species that depend on it. [D] This, in turn, would fundamentally alter an entire undersea habitat and undoubtedly put a risk a number of different species that have adapted to its peculiar characteristics. Therefore, the behavior of the otter in actively maintaining the local diversity of species dictates that it should be assigned a higher biodiversity value.1. What was the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?2. It is implied in the passage that we don’t have an accurate measure of global biodiversity because（）.3. The word enormity in the passage is closest in the meaning to（）.4. According to the passage, the largest number of species would be found（）.5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT important in assessing biodiversity?6. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?7. Look at the four squares marked A, B, C, and D that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The effect of this would be a dramatic loss of local biodiversity.Where would the sentence best fit (A, B, C or D)?8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the italicized sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

Since the emergence of Western capitalism in the 18th century, free market capitalism has been the reigning mode in the world’s economy. Based on mass production, external markets, and regulation by supply and demand, this system promotes economic growth and, in theory, wealth for all in the form of material goods. Proponents of capitalism believe that the system brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people. Detractors claim that capitalism creates unnecessary growth at the expense of social inequality and environmental degradation.With the patenting of the steam engine in 1769, mass production became more efficient, and large factory towns proliferated, first in England and then in Europe and America. Manned by a new class of urban wage earners, factories churned out low-cost goods for sale in external markets. The huge profits of private industry fueled the national economies of European countries, and laid the foundations of international trade. The virtues of economic growth seemed unassailable at the time; profits from sales enriched the factory interest on the flow of trade currency brought profit to capital investors, and the increase in factory-produced consumer goods appeared as though it would lead to well-being for the rest of society. The Scottish social philosopher proto-economist Adam Smith, writing in 1776, expressed this 18th-century optimism in his Wealth of Nations, saying that an “invisible hand” of self-interest guided the laissez-faire economy (one with no government interference), preserving checks and balances in the system and offering the fairest compensation to the worker, guaranteeing a happy and prosperous society.By the middle of the 19th century, the desirability of unchecked economic growth was beginning to come into question. While providing for the growth of government and industry, the capitalist system seemed to have brought few real benefits to the working classes, and to have created more problems than it had solved. Cities in Europe and now America bore a new and quite ugly feature: the slums of the urban workers whose labor was essential to the machinery of capitalism, but whose reward was inadequate to provide a decent standard of living. These ghettoes were centers of overcrowding, poverty, hunger and desperation. Increased food production brought a corresponding rise in population; Great Britain grew from nine million in 1780 to 21 million in 1850; the population of Europe nearly doubled in the same time frame, jumping from 140 million in 1750 to 266 million in 1850. Thus, workers who had left serf-like conditions on farms to work in cities found slavery in another form as wage-earners competing for ill-paying jobs. The appalling work and living conditions fanned the flames of workers’ revolutions which broke out across Europe in 1848.Karl Marx and Henry David Thoreau, writing in the 1840’s, both attacked the free-market system. [A] It is ironic that Marx, who is popularly regarded as the greatest enemy of capitalism, was actually thinking fairly conventionally about economic growth; Marx agreed with Smith that economic development was desirable and necessary, but disagreed with the distribution of wealth under capitalism. [B] It was Thoreau, when he proposed an agrarian-based economic model based on self-sufficiency and reduced consumption, who most radically dissented with the “free market”. [C] Though few at the time took Thoreau seriously, his observations prefigure many of the ecological concerns of the 21st century—conservation, sustainable resources, recycling, and real cost, for example. [D] Thoreau also argued that large-scale economic development cannot exist without slavery. He advocated an internal-market “natural economy” in which the individual would cultivate only enough land to provide for personal needs, retain economic independence along with the dignity that entailed, and enjoy greater leisure time.Today, the interrelatedness of the global economy is forcing us to recognize that economic growth does not take place in a vacuum. The free-market economic model has, over the past two hundred years, brought abundant material wealth to many, along with revolutionary improvements in medicine, science and technology. On the other hand, such unwelcome by-products of rampant economic growth as overpopulation, pollution and climate change have brought the world to the brink of an ecological crisis. Now economists and ecologists often find themselves occupying common ground. Indeed it may no longer be possible to look at economic development as an activity divorced from its environmental and human consequences.1. Which of the following statements is supported in paragraph 2?2. According to the passage, it was Adam Smith’s argument that（）.3. Which of the following was mentioned as a consequence of people moving from the countryside to the city?4. According to the passage, why is the commonly held view of Karl Marx ironic?5. The word rampant is closest in meaning to（）.6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit that has resulted from free market capitalism?7. Look at the four squares marked A, B, C, and D that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.This was an economic system that, in his view, was anything but “free”.Where would the sentence best fit (A, B, C or D)?

The first thing to notice is that the media we’re all familiar with—from books to television—are one-way propositions: they push their content at us. The Web is two-way, push and pull. In finer point, it combines the one-way reach of broadcast with the two-way reciprocity of a mid-cast. Indeed, its user can at once be a receiver and sender of broadcast—a confusing property, but mind-stretching!A second aspect of the Web is that it is the first medium that honors the notion of multiple intelligences. This past century’s concept of literacy grew out of our intense belief in text, a focus enhanced by the power of one particular technology—the typewriter. It became a great tool for writers but a terrible one for other creative activities such as sketching, painting, notating music, or even mathematics. The typewriter prized one particular kind of intelligence, but with the Web, we suddenly have a medium that honors multiple forms of intelligence—abstract, textual, visual, musical, social, and kinesthetic. As educators, we now have a chance to construct a medium that enables all young people to become engaged in their ideal way of learning. The Web affords the match we need between a medium and how a particular person learns.A third and unusual aspect of the Web is that it leverages the small efforts of the many with the large efforts of the few. For example, researchers in the Maricopa County Community College system in Phoenix have found a way to link a set of senior citizens with pupils in the Longview Elementary School, as helper-mentors. It’s wonderful to see kids listen to these grandparents better than they do to their own parents, the mentoring really helps their teachers, and the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves. Thus, the small efforts of the man—the seniors—complement the large efforts of the few—the teachers. The same thing can be found in operation at Hewlett-Packard, where engineers use the Web to help kids with science or math problems. Both of these examples barely scratch the surface as we think about what’s possible when we start interlacing resources with needs across a whole region.1. What does the word mind-stretching imply?2. What is a terrible tool for activities such as sketching and painting?3. Which group of people make some efforts to help pupils in elementary schools?4. The sentence the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves means the seniors（）.5. The expression “scratch the surface” most probably means（）.

The local government subsidized the project housing for the poor of the city.

The children singing and dancing on the meadow made a charming spectacle.

The removal of the topsoil may eliminate most of the contamination of the area.

All the windows of the factory were shattered by the terrible explosion.

Contestants who do not comply with the regulations will be disqualified.

It is so difficult to list all of John’s attributes because he has many different talents and abilities.

There is some discrepancy between his explanation of the theory and yours.

Prior to the election, the candidate had promised to improve the living conditions of the workers.

In the capacious areas of the railway terminal, thousands of tourists lingered while waiting for their train.

For a good week, both sides have been seeking an equitable solution to this dispute.

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