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Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he’s beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol’s National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach- in” honoring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted and—another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don’t have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can’t afford to lose.Compare this year’s celebration with the Lincoln centennial in 1909. That year, Lincoln’s likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Communities and civic associations in every comer of the county erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln’s presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what I’m talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess” the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict—no surprise—was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described—by his admirers, remember—as “nonjudgmental,” “unmoralistic,” “comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: “But he’s so small!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic—approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln’s greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We’ve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist—Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What’s often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago—and, through them, Lincoln himself—have left us the hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we’ve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year’s celebration, is inadequate and even halfhearted because（）.27. According the passage what really makes the 1909 celebrations different form this year’s?28. In the author’s opinion, the counter-conference（）.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary people（）.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Just over a decade into the 21st century, women’s progress can be celebrated across a range of fields. They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. A woman holds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won the Nobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana-in these and countless other areas, women are leaving their mark.But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, women aren’t allowed to drive. In Pakistan, 1,000 women die in honor killings every year. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay and political power. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.To measure the state of women’s progress. Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areas that affect women’s lives: treatment under the law, workforce participation, political power, and access to education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and the World Economic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 factors to come up with our rankings.Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined (神圣化). But there were some surprises. Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi. Does this suggest that a woman in a nation’s top office translates to better lives for women in general? Not exactly. “Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference,” says Anne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another in the way that it treats more than half its citizens means relying on broad strokes and generalities. Some things simply can’t be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons can’t account for differences of opinion.Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement made by Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. “When we liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world,” she said. “There is a stimulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and the economic lives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewer military conflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, we boost opportunity for all people.21. What does the author think about women’s progress so far?22. In what countries have women made the greatest progress?23. What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada?24. What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a woman being in a nation’s top office?25. What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world a better place?

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isn’t writing at all. It’s a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. Thus talking came first; wring is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one: “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and…”No one talks like that casually—or should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didn’t much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging do—and a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.Take LOL. It doesn’t actually mean “laughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Joeelyn texts “Where have you been?” and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signal basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it does something—conveying an attitude—just like the -ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning” anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar.Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression drifts—meat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed.Civilization, then, is fine—people banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and texting—quick, casual and only intended to be read once—is actually a way of talking with your fingers.16. What do critics say about texting?17. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?18. Why is LOL much used in texting?19. Examples like meat and silly are cited to show（）.20. What does the author think of texting?

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The MIT Sloan School of Management strongly believes that its purpose is to give students the tools they will need to be effective change agents in the rest of their careers. To do this it is necessary to start off with an understanding of the essential driving forces that will be forcing organizations to change. Change is not random, there are underlying processes. Three central driving forces—the growth of the world economy, the changing nature of the work force, and the arrival of genuine technological competition—are now at work.The globalization of the world capital markets that has occurred in the past 20 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. The need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels of education and skills. Managers are increasingly shifting from a “don’t think, do what you are told” to a “think, I am not going to tell you what to do” style of management.To be on top of this situation, tomorrow’s managers will have to have a strong background in organizational psychology, human relations, and labor economics. The MIT Sloan School of Management attempts to advance our understanding in these areas through research and then quickly brings the fruits of this new research to our students so that they can be leading-edge managers when it comes to the human side of the equation.What this means is that American managers have to understand the forces of, technical change in ways that were not necessary in the past. Conversely, managers from the rest of the world know that it is now possible for them to dominate their American competitor if they understand the forces of technical change better than their American competitors do.In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. If they don’t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on inside the black box make. They will be losers, not winners.11. What is it essential for students to understand the driving forces that can force organizations to change?12. What will be needed to produce qualified goods and services in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques?13. What does the MIT Sloan School of Management attempt to do in its research?14. What do we know about American managers from this passage?15. What can be inferred from this passage?

We must take part in physical labor in order to（）ourselves more closely with the working people.

In digital electronics, signals are broken down into thousands, maybe millions,（）, which are encoded as zeroes and ones.

No modern industrial enterprises can（）for a moment without rules and set procedures.

He failed to completely achieve the aim（）by the teacher at the beginning of the term.

We object to the idea that it is military force that should be（）in settling international disputes.

The population of Pennsylvania increased from 50,000 in 1730 to more than 200,000 in 1763, （）to the thousands of Scotch Irish.

Some people hold that, since we live in a money oriented society, the average individual cares little about solving （） problems.

Many of the successful men, had they be enable to choose for themselves, would have selected some quite different professions（）they have made fortunes.

Now scientists cannot realize （）soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.

The funny looking man whom the girl met on the street of Prinston was （）Albert Einstein.

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