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They are well ______ with each other since they once studied in the same university.

They don’t know how to put in a central-heating system, but they managed it by trial and ______.

Within the hour the show is canceled and everyone returns to the hotel to ______ their sorrows.

Universities are being given job ______ by companies and individuals and set out to approve their reliability and reputation before accepting service request.

He has been ______ of murdering the Japanese visitor.

Hot metal ______ as it grows cooler.

He does not ______ his workmate, and there are often disagreements between them.

Too many vulnerable child-free adults are being ruthlessly (无情的) manipulated into parent-hood by their parents , who think that happiness among older people depends on having a grand-child to spoil. We need an organization to help beat down the persistent campaigns of grand-childless parents. It’s time to establish Planned Grandparenthood, which would have many global and local benefits.Part of its mission would be to promote the risks and realities associated with being a grandparent. The staff would include depressed grandparents who would explain how grandkids break lamps, bite, scream and kick. Others would detail how an hour of baby-sitting often turns into a crying marathon. More grandparents would testify that they had to pay for their grandchild’s expensive college education.Planned grandparenthood’s carefully written literature would detail all the joys of life grand-child-free a calm living room, extra money for luxuries during the golden years, etc. Potential grandparents would be reminded that, without grandchildren around, it’s possible to have a conversation with your kids, who incidentally would have more time for their own parents.Meanwhile, most children are vulnerable to the enormous influence exerted by grand-childless parents aiming to persuade their kids to produce children. They will take a call from a persistent parent, even if they’re loaded with works. In addition, some parents make handsome money offers payable upon the grandchild’s birth. Sometimes these gifts not only cover expenses associated with the infant’s birth, but extras, too, like a vacation. In any case, cash gifts can weaken the resolve of even the noblest person.At Planned Grandparenthood, children targeted by their parents to reproduce could obtain non-biased information about the insanity of having their own kids. The catastrophic psychological and economic costs of childbearing would be emphasized. The symptoms of morning sickness would be listed and horrors of childbirth pictured. A monthly newsletter would contain stories about overwhelmed parents and offer guidance on how childless adults can respond to the different lobbying tactics that would-be grandparents employ.When I think about all the problems of our overpopulated world and look at our boy grabbing at the lamp by the sofa, I wish I could have turned to Planned Grandparenthood when my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me.If I could have, I might not be in this parenthood predicament (窘境). But here’s the crazy irony, I don’t want my child-free life back. Dylan’s too much fun.1. What’s the purpose of the proposed organization Planned Grandparenthood?2. Planned Grandparenthood would include depressed grandparents on its staff in order to .3. According to the passage, some couples may eventually choose to have children because .4. By saying “…my parents were putting the grandchild squeeze on me” (Para. 6), the author means that __.5. What does the author really of the idea of having children?

Psychological tests are tools. Like all tools, their effectiveness depends on the knowledge, skill, and sincerity of the user. A hammer can be used to build a beautiful kitchen cabinet of it can be used as a weapon of assault. Like a hammer, intelligence tests can be used for positive purposes or they can be abusive. It is important for both the test constructor and the test examiner to be familiar with the current state of scientific knowledge about intelligence and intelligence tests.Even though they have limitations, intelligence tests are among psychology’s most widely used tools. To be effective, though, intelligence tests must be viewed realistically. They should not be thought of as a fixed, unchanging indicator of a person’s intelligence. They should also be used in conjunction with other information about a person and should not be relied upon as the sole indicator of whether a child should be placed in a special-education or gifted class. The child’s developmental history, medical background, performance in school, social competencies, and family experiences should be taken into account, too.The single number provided by many IQ tests can easily lead to stereotypes and expectations about a person. Many people do not know how to sweeping generalizations about a person are too often made on the basis of an IQ score. Imagine, for example, that you are a teacher sitting in the teacher’s lounge the day after school has started in the fall. You mention a student—Johnny Jones —and a fellow teacher remarks that she had Johnny in class last year, and goes on to say that he was a real dunce, pointing out that his IQ is 78. You cannot help but remember this information, and it may lead you to think that Johnny Jones is not very bright so it is useless to spend much time teaching him. In this way, IQ scores are misused and stereotypes are formed.1. According to the author, intelligence tests _.2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?3. The word “dunce” (Para. 3) stands for .4. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that ___.5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

Not all language is verbal. Some of our communication occurs without words. We often use our entire bodies for communication. We may raise our eyebrows to indicate surprise. Perhaps we nod our heads to show that we agree with something. There are hundreds of nonverbal signals that can be used to communicate. These signals are part of language, and they are governed by rules in the same way that our spoken language is. For this reason, people who speak different languages often use different nonverbal signals as well.In addition to verbal communication and the type of nonverbal communication discussed above, there are other message systems that we use to communicate. When we speak to some people, we may stand very close to them while we may stand far away from other people. Use of space, then, is a way we can communicate the relationship we feel with another person. The way we dress can also communicate for us. The person who wears dirty jeans and a T-shirt communicates a different attitude from a person who wears neat trousers and an attractive shirt.We can even use time to communicate. The person who is on time for an appointment shows a different attitude from the person who is an hour late. Can you think of other message systems that we use?1. Language, according to the passage, is actually .2. Nonverbal signals .3. What does the author tell us about the T-shirt?4. People who do not speak the same language __.5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of nonverbal communication?

There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people to, organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field: his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist—and especially the administrator—deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving.He is an “educated” man; and humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you—but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job: it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.1. There is an increasing demand for .2. The specialist is .3. The administrator is .4. During your training period, it is important .5. A man’s first job __.

They did not find ______ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.

There are many kinds of metals, ______.

The reason he wants to take a leave of absence is ______.

She’s got so ______ to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life.

On the side of the hill, there is a ______ which was once the entrance to a gold mine.

Jim’s close ______ to his brother made people mistake them for one another.

It’s harmful to one’s health to ______ smoking and drinking.

John said that his present job does not provide him with enough ______ for his organizing ability.

Though steam engines have now passed the ______ of their usefulness, their heritage remains.

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