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The World Health Organization has released a report about how disease weakens the economies of poor countries. For years, people believed that good health is a direct result of strong economic development. However, this study suggests the opposite is true. It says that strong economic development is an important result of improved health.An international committee of economists and experts in public health and policy carried out the study. Some people say the study is the most complete examination to link financial aids in health care to economic growth.The study calls for a large increase in foreign aid for health care services in developing countries. In the world’s richest countries, total spending for health care for each person is almost $2, 000 a year. However, in the world’s poorest nations, spending on health care for each person is only $13 a year.The WHO says this amount should be increased to $38 a year for each person by 2015. The money would help poor nations provide treatment for diseases. It would also provide babies with important health care early in life.Jeffrey Sachs of Harvard University led the study. He says about eight million lives could be saved each year if the richest nations increased spending on health care in developing countries. In addition, Mister Sachs says more than fifty of the world’s poorest countries would have a chance to improve the living and economic conditions for their people.The report also provides new information about how AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria(疟疾)affect economic growth in developing countries. The researchers suggest 8, 000 million dollars be provided each year to help fight these diseases.The WHO plans to send the study to many officials around the world including heads of state, ministers of finance, health and trade, members of national parliaments and non-governmental organizations. It says the report is a valuable guide for future international health programs, policies and financing.1.What relationship is there between economy and health according to the passage?2.If spending on health is increased in developing countries, the following will come true except that( ).3.Spending on health care for each person in the world’s poorest countries in 2015 is( )at present.4.The study will be sent to all the following except( ).5.Which of the following is not mentioned in this passage?

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Recently, one of my best friends Jennie, with whom I have shared just about everything since the first day of kindergarten, spent the weekend with me. Since I moved to a new town several years ago, we have both always looked forward to the few times a year when we see each other.Over the weekend, we spent hours and hours, staying up late into the night, talking about the people she was hanging around with. She started telling me stories about her new boyfriend, about how he experimented with drugs and was into other self-destructive behavior. I was blown away! She told me how she had been lying to her parents about where she was going and even stealing out to see this guy because they didn’t want her around him. No matter how hard I tried to tell her that she deserved better, she didn’t believe me. Her self-respect seemed to have disappeared.I tried to convince her that she was running her future and heading for big trouble I felt like I was getting nowhere. I just couldn’t believe that she really thought it was acceptable to hang with a bunch of losers, especially her boyfriend.By the time she left, I was really worried about her and exhausted by the experience. It had been so frustrating that I had come close to telling her several times during the weekend that maybe we had just grown too far apart to continue our friendship, but I didn’t. I put the power of friendship to the ultimate test. We’ve been friends for far too long. I had to hope that she valued me enough to know that I was trying to save her from hurting herself. I wanted to believe that our friendship could conquer anything.A few days later, she called to say that she had thought long and hard about our conversation, and then she told me that she had broken up with her boyfriend. I just listened on the other end of the phone with tears of joy running down my face. It was one of the truly rewarding moments in my life. Never had I been so proud of a friend.1.What word best sums up Jennie’s boyfriend?2.What was the attitude of Jennie’s parents towards her relationship with her boyfriend?3.How did the author react to Jennie’s relationship with her boyfriend?4.How did the author feel when Jennie told her she had broken up with her boyfriend?5.What message does the author try to convey in this passage?

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You must face the fact that in your inmost heart you hate the thought of moving. It is easiest not to leave the rooms where your children passed through their wonderful childhood and annoying teens to a friendly but slightly distant community suddenly.Until, suddenly one day, the distance is absolute and they are grown up and gone. Then you find yourself living in too large a house, which consumes in its maintenance too much energy and money. When we found ourselves in this situation a few years ago, we determined to move while we still had the strength and before the emotional tentacles(触角)that the old house had wrapped around us became too powerful to be broken. Move while you can! But be sure you really want to, and do not move too often. It is an exhausting process.Your first task is to find a house that will suit you. It must be smaller, quieter, easier to run, and more conveniently placed for transport. Not so small, though, that it will not elegantly accommodate your largest pieces of furniture, and located not too far from the neighborhood where so many friendships have been built up.At last we found one: a late Victorian cottage, in a street where the houses, all small, range from late 18th to mid 20th century. It was near enough to where we wanted to live. It had no basement, which was a great convenience for aging legs. There were only two floors above ground level: one for ourselves and one where friends, children, and grandchildren could spread themselves when they came to stay. Each floor had two rooms. There was a kitchen on the ground floor, with the bathroom above it.1.The passage concerns buying( ).2.The passage implies that grown-up children are( ).3.The author decided to move( ).4.The author advises people in his own situation( ).5.According to the passage, their new house had( ).

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In the summer of 1978 an English farmer named Ian Stevens was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground. The flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat. In the following years more and more similar circles were found in a field of wheat or corn. So people cannot help but ask the question: What causes the circles?At first, people suspected that the circles were a trick. To prove that the circles were a trick people tried to copy them: they tried to make circles exactly like the ones the farmers had found. They couldn’t do it. They couldn’t enter a field of grain without leaving tracks, and they couldn’t flatten the grain without breaking it. The circles are apparently not a trick. Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles. Some think that the beings are trying to communicate with us from far away and that the circles are messages from them. Others believe that the beings have actually landed on earth and that the circles are mark left by their spaceships. Several times people reported seeing strange flying objects near field, where circles later appeared.Scientists say they’re not sure what causes them. They have suggested several theories. For example, some scientists say that “microburst’s” of wind created the circles. A microburst is a downward rush of cool air the same downward rush of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash. Others scientists say that forces within the earth cause the circles to appear. But circles often appear in forms. It is hard to believe that any natural force could create those forms. And recently farmers have discovered not only circles but also other shapes such as triangles in their fields. Could any natural force created a perfect triangle in a field of grain?In the summer of 1990 some scientists spent three weeks in the part of England where many circles have appeared. They had all the latest high-tech equipment. This equipment worth 1.8 million dollars recorded nothing. But one night, as the scientists were watching a field circles formed in the field behind them. These circles are shown in the photograph. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.1.What causes the circles?2.The thing that proves that the circles were not a trick is that( ).3.The circles mean( ).4.The only thing for the scientists to be happy about in the summer of 1990 is possibly( ).5.A proper title for this passage is( ).

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For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the(1)of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel(2)to go to bed and pleased when the journey(3). On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed(4)earlier than usual. When I(5)my cabin, I was surprised (6)that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected(7)but there was a suitcase(8)mine in the opposite comer. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet(9)? Except that he was wearing(10)good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not(11)whoever he was and did not say(12). As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered(13)as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a(14)was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten(15)the door, so I got up(16)the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and(17)the moon shone through it on to the other bed,(18)there. It took me a minute or two to(19)the door myself. I realized that my companion (20)through the window into the sea.

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