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Even today, a century after Pasteur developed the first vaccine, rabies almost always kills （）in the earliest stages of the disease.

They（）into the deep pond from the overhanging cliff in a beautiful dive.

The Wallenstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce（）.

The two surfaces（）to each other and we couldn’t get them apart.

Every possible means（）tried, but there is no result.

They asked us to come to their party but we（）the invitation.

By 1914, ten of the Western states had granted women the right to vote, but（）.

The escaped prisoner jumped onto the boat and then（）it away from the seashore with a pole.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic of “What Has the Progress of Science and Technology Brought about?’’. You should write at least 160-180 words.

Traditionally, the woman has held a low position in a marriage partnership. While her husband went his way she had to wash, stitch and sew. Today the move is to liberate the woman, which may in the end strengthen the marriage union. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to friendship in marriage is the amount a couple usually see of each other. Friendship in its usual sense is not tested by the strain of daily, yearlong cohabitation. Couples need to take up separate interests(and friendship) as well as mutually shared ones, if they are not to get used to the more attractive elements of each other’s personalities. Married couples are likely to exert themselves for guests-being amusing, discussing with passion and point-and then to fall into dull exhausted silence when the guests have gone. Once a man confessed, “The great question I have not been able to answer is: What does a woman want?” Many husbands wonder the same thing today.

Many of us believed that person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older. But this is not true, according to Dr. Lissy F. Jarvik. professor of psychiatry at the University of California, Los Angles, and a board member of the New Center for Aging at the Veterans Hospital. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s, their minds did not generally decline as was expected.However, there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental task than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general, Dr. Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only into the 30s and 40s, but into the 60s and 70s as well.As for learning new things, and ability to remember, studies by Dr. Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young. It is true that older people themselves often complain that the memory is not as good as it once was. However, much of what we call “loss of memory” is not that at all. There usually was incomplete learning in the first place. For example, the older person perhaps had trouble hearing, or poor vision, or inattention, or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a pace.In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to decay, it is not necessarily a sign of a decay due to old age or “senility”. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state. This depression usually can be counteracted by counseling therapy with a psychologist, or medications which fight depression.In American society, when an older person loses something, we tend to call him or her “senile”. But notice that when a younger person loses something, he does not blame it on senility or loss of memory. He finds some other excuses.1.According to Dr. Jarvik’s studies, middle-aged and old persons should expect to（）.2.According to the passage, loss of memory is usually caused by（）.3.Usually, what appears to be senility is really（）.4.Which of the following statements will the author most probably support?5.What is the best title for the passage?

Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.1.What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?2.In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because（）.3.According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?4.The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do（）.5.The phrase "the problem” (Line 3, Para. 5) refers to（）.

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is as lower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that to with these processes will disappear.1.Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?2.What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?3.The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to（）.4. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive advantage is（）.5.What is the main idea of the passage?

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the“system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define“price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product of service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product of service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.1.What is the best title for the passage?2.According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to（）.3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price?4.In the last sentence of the passage, “they” refers to（）.5.The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses（）.

Remember that only a few of the living things that are produced can live. In general, thoselive that are best fitted for living（）they do.

（）can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.

He knows much about stylistics, （）about literature.

The old king（）. They are making a new king.

The material（）the apparatus is made is a good nonconductor of heat.

I understand your hobby is photography and I’ve got a job that（） interest you in mycompany.

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