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The policemen went into action （）they heard the alarm.

Generally, prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold （）bacteria in foods to a safe level.

Some people think traveling abroad is a valuable experience for young people. Others think it wastes too much time and expense. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Your essay should be no less than 200 words.

Translate the following into English (15%)在团队内部建立友谊团队的领导者要懂得如何利用友谊的力量来加强团队合作。在正式的团体会议中，营造一种轻松、友好的气氛非常重要。要努力创造一种氛围使每个成员的发言都得到充分的尊重，让每个人可以畅所欲言。想做到这一点，就要使队员们尽量以朋友，而非同事的方式，来处理相互关系；鼓励每个成员在工作、会议之外进行交谈，多作接触，在轻松的气氛中自由地交换意见和看法。多安排社交活动，创造大家在工作之余聚会碰头的机会，在取得成功时举办庆祝活动等，都有利于团队成员之间建立真正的朋友关系，有利于团结团队，使之成为一个整体。

Translate the following into Chinese.Most people benefit from international trade, for the same general reasons that most people benefit from the division of labor within nations and within localities. By participating in a broader community within which individuals and groups sell what they can produce with the greatest (comparative) efficiency, people can secure a far greater quantity and variety of goods than each individual could possibly obtain if he had to produce every one himself. There are, of course, many instances when blocking or limiting trade can bring advantages to particular groups at the expense of the broader society. But the more these groups succeed in enforcing such restrictions, the lower the standard of living and the slower the pace of economic growth for the community as a whole.As with communities, so too with nations. Specific interests can gain from import restrictions and economic theory even recognizes cases in which a trade barrier might leave an entire nation better off albeit at the expense of other nations. In most circumstances, however, open trade -- by maximizing economic efficiency — enhances the welfare and the standard of living of the nation and of the wider world.

The Reader’s Digest investigation asked Americans which was the biggest threat to the nation’s future—big business, big labor or big government. A whopping 67 percent replied “big government”. That is a big change over 40 years ago. A 1954 Opinion Research Corp. Poll found that only 16 percent of Americans indicted big government, given the same three choices. In a 1965 Gallup survey, those believing big government to be the problem had risen to 35 percent; by 1985, to 50 percent.Now（1995）two of three Americans fear big government. Opinion researchers rarely see such a vast change in public attitude. When put in historical perspective, from the time of Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal to the present, the fallen status of government as a protector and benefactor is extraordinary. We’ve returned to the instinctive American wariness of Washington so common before the Great Depression.In our poll, taken before the November elections, the overwhelming majority of our respondents wanted to stop or roll back the impact of government. In answer to another question posed by The Digest, 79 percent said they wanted either no more than the current level of government services and taxes, or less government and lower taxes.“It seems to me that we in the middle class bear most of the burden,” says Jo Nell Norman, 61, a nurse in Dyersburg, Tenn., who often wonders about the government’s judgment in spending her money.Of Americans in our sample, 62 percent believe that politicians’ ethics and honesty have fallen. And what about Congress? Is it doing a good job? Or do members “spend more time thinking about their political futures than passing good legislation?”Across generations, a thumping 89 percent thought the latter. “Congress always seems to be screwing up,” says one young Xer.However, Americans are satisfied with their own lives and jobs. Four of five respondents were “completely” or “somewhat” satisfied. The figures held up across all ages - including Xers, whom many pundits have claimed are pessimistic about their future.Keith Underbill, 22, of Fridley, Minn., finds his job as a telephone operator for a catalogue company “not challenging, not difficult” but still “satisfying because of the income.” He sees it as a springboard to bigger things. “I hope to start my own business someday, something in finance.” Looking deeper at jobs, we found 70 percent of Americans believe they are about where they should be, given their talents and effort. This is an issue where age always makes a difference, since older people, who are more established in their jobs, tend to be more satisfied, while younger workers are still trying to find the right niche. Sure enough, Xers scored 65 percent, about five points below average.1.The survey has revealed that in the past 40 years the public faith in the American government has dropped by （）.2.The U.S. government status in the public mind before the Great Depression （）. 3.It is clear that the people's great dislike for the government is related with （）. 4."Political future" in Paragraph 5 may mean （）. 5.Older people are unlikely to change their jobs so often since （）.

The health-care economy is filled with unusual and even unique economic relationships. One of the least understood involves the peculiar roles of producer or “provider” and purchaser or “consumer” in the typical doctor-patient relationship. In most sectors of the economy, it is the seller who attempts to attract a potential buyer with various inducements of price, quality, and utility, and it is the buyer who makes the decision. Such condition, however does not prevail in most of the health-care industry.In the health-care industry, the doctor-patient relationship is the mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer. Once an individual has chosen to see a physician — and even then there may be no real choice — it is the physician who usually makes all significant purchasing decisions: whether the patient should return “next Wednesday”, whether X-rays are needed, whether drugs should be prescribed, etc. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care. The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, determine what procedures will be performed, and announce when the patient may be discharged. The patient may be consulted about some of these decisions, but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final. Little wonder then that in the eye of the hospital it is the physician who is the real “consumer.” As a consequence, the medical staff represents the “power center” in hospital policy and decision-making, not the administration.Although usually there are in this situation four identifiable participants—the physician, the hospital, the patient, and the payer（generally an insurance carrier or government）— the physician makes the essential decisions for all of them. The hospital becomes an extension of the physician; the payer generally meets most of the bills generated by the physician/hospital, and for the most part the patient plays a passive role. We estimate that about 75-80 percent of health-care expenditures are determined by physicians, not patients. For this reason, economy directed at patients or the general are relatively ineffective.1.The author's primary purpose is to（）. 2.It can inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because （）. 3.According to the author, when a doctor tells a patient to "return next Wednesday", the doctor is in effect （）. 4.The author is most probably leading up to （）. 5.With which of the following statements would the author be likely to agree?

The American Revolution 1775-1783, was a struggle by which the thirteen colonies that were to become the United States won independence from Britain. By the middle of the 18th century, differences in life, thought, and especially economic interests had formed between the colonies and the mother country. The British Government tried to regulate colonial commerce in the British interest, and provoked colonial opposition. The colonists convened the Continental Congress and petitioned the king for redress of their grievances. In 1774 Britain responded with the coercive Intolerable Acts. Fighting erupted on April 9, 1775 at Lexington and Concord. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army and on July 4, 1776 adopted the Declaration of Independence. The colonial victory in the Saratoga Campaign helped forge a French-American alliance, which brought vital aid to the colonists. The surrender. October 1781, of General Cornwallis ended the fighting and the Treaty of Paris（1783）recognized the U.S. as a nation.The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.America’s War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer—the United States—based itself squarely on republican principles.Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and parliament.1.The American Revolution broke out mainly as a result of conflicts between the thirteen colonies and Britain in（）.2.The word "coercive" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to （）.3.Which of the following elements directly contributed to the victorious conclusion of the American Revolution?4.It can be inferred from the passage that the loyalists who escaped to Canada were （）. 5.What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?

Americans today believe, erroneously that acceptable social behavior follows effortlessly from personal virtue. The（1）between morals and manners has become blurred（模糊）. All you need is a good heart, most people（2）and the rest will take care of itself. You don’t have to write thank-you notes.Many Americans believe that natural behavior is beautiful. The “natural”（3）to human relations presumes that to know any person（4）is to love him. That the only human problem is a communication problem. This（5）that people might be separated by basic, genuinely irreconcilable（不可调和的）differences—philosophical, political, or religious—and assumes that all such differences are（6）misunderstandings.Indeed, it has never been easier to insult people inadvertently（非故意的）.A gentleman opens a door for a lady because his mother taught him that ladies（7）such courtesies, but she（8）and spits in his eye because lie has insulted her womanhood. A young lady（9）in a crowded bus to an elderly, frail gentleman, and lie gives her a dirty look because she has insulted his manhood.（10）you, those are just people trying to be nice; the only problem is that they are（11）on different systems of etiquette.Curiously, it has never been（12）to insult people intentionally. If you say, “You are nasty and I hate you” the person is apt to reply, “Oh, you’re feeling（13）: I’ll wait until you feel better.”The idea that people can behave “naturally” without resorting to a（n）（14）code tacitly（心照不宣的）agreed upon by their society is as silly as the idea that they can communicate by using a language without（15）accepted semantic and grammatical rules.

The innocent child objected to（） like this.

We are at a serious disadvantage in （） we have nobody properly qualified for the work

I wish （）that much money last month.

He showed no signs of pain（） to his death.

Air pollution （）to many kinds of diseases.

If any of these symptoms （）while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.

It is time that someone made him （）of the effects of his actions.

Everyone interviewed had been （）to unfair treatment.

The crowd cheered in （）when the players caught the ball.

The guides （）the tourists together at the hotel gate.

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