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The president made a（）speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.

Physics is（）to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.

We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to （）.

Writing is a slow process, requiring（）thought, time, and effort.

They are trying to（）the waste discharged by the factory for profit.

He was（）to tell the truth even to his closed friend.

In order to repair barns, build fences, grow crops, and care for animals, a farmer must indeed be （）.

At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly（）to another subject.

The manager spoke highly of such（）as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of about 250 words under the title of “Knowledge from books and Knowledge from Experience". Your composition should be based, on the following outline,1. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books.2. Explain which source is more important.

Translate the following into English.人们都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的理解却因人而异。绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成。正如经常发生的那样，许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义。

Translate the following into Chinese.While it is true that Americans believe that climbing the educational ladder leads to success, they are less certain that intellectual achievement, which is the main purpose of the schools, is the only important factor leading to success. A competitive - even aggressive - personality is seen as important to success, especially in men. The development of social and political skills are also considered to be very important.To help Americans to develop these other important skills, schools have added a large number of extracurricular activities to daily life at school. This is especially true of high schools and colleges but extends down into elementary schools as well.Athletics, frequently called "competitive sports", are perhaps the most important of these activities. Football, basketball, and baseball teams are seen as very important in students, particularly boys, the "winning spirit". At times, athletic teams seem to become more important to some students and their parents than academic programs offered by the schools.

Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school.We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve the present generation through Federal relief of the destitute（贫民）. Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?3.The public agencies for adult education will be little better off because（）.4.According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government （）. 5.Why does the author say "Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require" (Lines 10-1 1, Para. 3)?

A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue” he says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate（使……缓解）the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest, with a novice driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20（without the presence of an adult over 25）for the first six months.1.Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?2.According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to（）.3.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?4.A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers' driving accidents is that （）. 5.The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system（）.

Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other people’s cigarettes. This is secondhand smoke. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think that these chemicals harm a nonsmoker’s health. Recently, though, scientists expressed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels, and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In America, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. Research shows that these children are sick more often than the children who live in homes where no one smokes. The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. The children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as the children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke.1.It can be inferred that about fifty-three thousand people die in American （）.2.Non-smokers get harmed by smokers （）. 3.Which of the following statement is NOT true?4.Which of the following is not listed as a negative effect imposed by secondhand smoking on children?5.Which group of children suffer from secondhand smoking to the greatest extent?

Have your ever heard the old（1）, “Never judge a book by cover”? This is a good rule to（2）when trying to judge the intelligence of others. Some people have（3）that shine only in certain（4）. A young man with an unusual（5）in creative writing may find himself（6）in the presence of a pretty girl. He（7）awkwardly for words and does not talk smoothly. But don’t make the（8）of thinking him stupid.（9）a pen and paper, he can express himself very well.Other people may（10）overestimating their intelligence by（11）a good appearance. A student who listens attentively and（12）in class is（13）make a favorable impression on his teachers. But when it（14）to exams, he may score near the（15）of the class.The（16）idea is that you can’t judge someone by appearance. The only way to determine a person’s intelligence is to get to know him. Then you can observe（17）he reacts to different situations. The（18）situations you observe, the more accurate you judgment is（19）to be. So（20）. Don’t judge the book by its cover.

The policeman declared that the blow on the victim's head （）from behind.

Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as （）all other animals on earth.

Workers in the fine arts （）thoughts and feelings through their creative works.

Mr. Jones holds strong views against video games and （）the closing of all recreation facilities for such games.

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