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Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people. In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle-compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks, Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them. With our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential they will need to get in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.1. What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?2. What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?3. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are .4. Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by .5. The author fears that children will grow up into adults while being __.

At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don’t act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”.It’s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America’s fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.1. From the passage we can infer taboo is .2. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat” in American society.3. The topic of fat is many other taboo subjects.4. In the U.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”, this means .5. Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is __.

“In every known human society the male’s needs for achievement can be recognized... In a great number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activity that women are not allowed to practice. Their maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some field or performing some feat.”This is the conclusion of the anthropologist Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women in society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered it would seem that the formal emancipation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defenses which men have thrown up around their hitherto accepted advantages, taking sometimes the obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s pretensions to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. More diffusely there are the increasingly numerous convergences between male and female behavior: the approximation to identical styles in dress and coiffure, the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of hitherto exclusively male leisure-time activities.Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive or natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology, but that does not matter since it is not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles of the two sexes. In this rudimentary natural society men go out to hunt and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women keep the fire going. Amorous initiative is firmly reserved to the man, who sets about courtship with a club.1. The phrase “men’s sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they .2. The third paragraph does NOT claim that men .3. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order to .4. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph .5. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the author __.

These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the “great classless society”. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, “survival of the fittest”, and “might is right” are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For “aristocracy” read “meritocracy”; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them “a good start in life”. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. According to the author, the same educational opportunities can’t get rid of inequality because .3. Who can obtain more rapid success?4. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because .5. According to the author, "class divisions" refers to __.

The passage contains ten errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage, try to detect the errors and write down your corrections on the answer sheet.

An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this (1)—indeed, contradiction—which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the (2) to put computers in the classroom.An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a/an (3) education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is (4) required by law. It is not simply to (5) everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally (6) to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain (7) of the American citizen, a character who is (8) if he cannot competently assess (9) his livelihood and happiness are affected by things (10) of himself.But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain (11), it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped (12) nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is (13) to be educated. Computer-education advocates (14) this optimistic notion for a pessimism that (15) their otherwise cheery outlook. (16) on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often (17) the job prospects of graduates over their educational (18).There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools (19) the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are (20) equipped for the professions they want to join.

The American professor came to realize that he had underestimated the ______ of most of the Chinese students.

The theme of the novel is that a person’s fate ______ that of the whole country.

Having been discussed, the proposal was ______ unanimously.

Since the father died a year ago, there has been ______ in the family about the division of the estate.

After a careful investigation, the committee decided to ______ the old hall.

After traveling in the desert for many days, they found a tiny oasis, where there was a well and ______ green grass.

The girl was so ______ by the mighty river that she would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the boats and rafts going and coming.

While doing calculation for the project, the designers ______ a new solution to a geological problem.

The mother almost ______ when she learned that her son was shot dead.

You’d better let me know as soon as there is a (n) ______ position in the branch office.

Urban congestion would greatly be relieved if the ______ charged on public transport were more reasonable.

Animal mothers are devoted to their young and ______ them with love and discipline.

Everything ______ into consideration, I propose that the first prize should be given to Liu Qiang.

They will never reconcile themselves to ______.

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