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Having been discussed, the proposal was ______ unanimously.

Generally, prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods can hold ______ bacteria in foods to a safe level.

Having been discussed, the proposal was ______ unanimously.

After traveling in the desert for many days, they found a tiny oasis, where there was a well and ______green grass.

You’d better let me know as soon as there is a (n) ______ position in the branch office.

The theme of the novel is that a person’s fate ______ that of the whole country.

“I’m surely dirty, ______?”

Every boy and girl must have ______ hair neatly combed.

The numerals have become, _______, his friends, and he knows all their relations and acquaintances.

To meet the ever increasing demand ______ oil-refining equipment, the company will produce more of such equipment.

Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition entitled “Strengthening Army Relying on Science and Technology”. You should write at least 250 words.

Another innovation will make those hard-to-remember passwords obsolete. Soon, in order to access our e-mail or bank account, we’ll use a technology known as biometrics. A tiny sensor could confirm your identity by recognizing the unique patterns in the retina of your eye. “Imagine that things recognize you,” Meyerson says. “You walk up to an ATM. It takes one look at you and says, ‘Yep, you’re you.’” Within five years, it’s possible we’ll no longer be inundated with junk mail, because a new electronic device will delete it before we ever see it. “That device, as you act upon it, as you eliminate mail, you don’t read it, you just look at it and kill it,” Meyerson says, “after a while it learns your habits and works as your assistant by eliminating stuff you never wanted anyway. We anticipate that, in five years, better than 80 percent of coverage of the world populations by cellular phones and smart phones. At this point, imagine having, for instance, the ability to speak openly with anybody anywhere, anytime and in any language, real-time translation—literally the old Star Trek idea of a universal translator coming to be.”

紧跟世界新军事革命加速发展的潮流，积极稳妥进行国防和军队改革，推动中国特色军事变革深入发展。坚持以创新发展军事理论为先导，着力提高国防科技工业自主创新能力，深入推进军队组织形态现代化，构建中国特色现代军事力量体系。高度关注海洋、太空、网络空间安全，积极运筹和平时期军事力量运用，不断拓展和深化军事斗争准备，提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务能力。

Directions: The passage contains ten errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage, try to detect the errors and write down your corrections on the answer sheet.

A translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages. He must fill facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual (1), and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional (2). In addition to this, it is (3) that he should have an enquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to (4) quickly the basic principles of new developments.He should be willing to work (5) his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to (6) other people because his own (7) does not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and (8) and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding (9) with printing techniques and proof-reading.If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firms, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to (10) rapidly from one source language to (11), as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently (12) of him in such work. Bearing in (13) the nature of the translator’s work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, (14) that he should be able to speak the languages he is (15) with.If he does speak them, it is an (16) rather than a hindrance (障碍), but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can do away with. It is, (17), desirable that he should have an (18) idea about the pronunciation of his source languages, even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same (19) to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not (20).

Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people’s nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two adverse effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.Clever advertising, aimed at chronic (慢性的) sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce—by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person’s health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.1. The first paragraph is intended to .2. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because .3. Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain .4. The author tells us in paragraph 4 .5. The best title for the passage would be __.

Racket, din clamor, noise. Whatever you want to call it, unwanted sound is America’s most widespread nuisance（麻烦事）. But noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people’s health. Day and night, at home, at work, and at play, noise can produce serious physical and psychological stress. No one is immune to this stress. Though we seem to adjust to noise by ignoring it, the ear, in fact, never closes and the body still responds—sometimes with extreme tension, as to a strange sound in the night.The annoyance we feel when faced with noise is the most common outward symptom of the stress building up inside us. Indeed, because irritability is so apparent, legislators have made public annoyance the basis of many noise abatement（消除）programs. The more subtle and more serious health hazards associated with stress caused by noise traditionally have been given much less attention. Nevertheless, when we are annoyed or made irritable by noise, we should consider these symptoms fair warning that other things may be happening to us, some of which may be damaging to our health.Of the many health hazards related to noise, hearing loss is the most clearly observable and measurable by health professionals. The other hazards are harder to pin down. For many of us, there may be a risk that exposure to the stress of noise increases susceptibility to disease and infection. The more susceptible among us may experience noise as a complicating factor in heart problems and other diseases. Noise that causes annoyance and irritability in healthy persons may have serious consequences for those already ill in mind or body.Noise affects us throughout our lives. For example, there are indications of effects on the unborn child when mothers are exposed to industrial and environmental noise. During infancy and childhood, youngsters exposed to high noise levels may have trouble falling asleep and obtaining necessary amounts of rest.Why, then, is there not greater alarm about these dangers? Perhaps it is because the link between noise and many disabilities or diseases has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Perhaps it is because we tend to dismiss annoyance as a price to pay for living in the modern world. It may also be because we still think of hearing loss as only an occupational（职业的）hazard （冒险的）.1. The phrase “immune to” (Para. 1) are used to mean .2. The author’s attitude toward noise would best be described as .3. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?4. The author condemns noise essentially because it .5. The author would probably consider research about the effects noise has on people to be .

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual (仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened (使无情) into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites (仪式). As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium”. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment (制定) of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect—success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun—as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?4. According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?5. The passage supports which of the following statements?

German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy includes many of today’s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world’s first workers’ compensation law in 1884. By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers’ compensation insurance. America’s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers’ compensation law in this country was passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation. After World War II benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers’ compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages. In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states’ average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers’ compensation system, it’s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.1. The world’s first workers’ compensation law was introduced by Bismarck .2. We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe .3. One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 20th century was that .4. After 1972 workers’ compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that.5. The author ends the passage with the implication that __.

The children were having a wonderful time ______ on the frozen lake.

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