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More than two hundred years ago the United States ________ from the British Empire and became an independent country.

There was such a long line at the exhibition ________ we had to wait for about half an hour.

Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication ________.

To our ________, the financial problems were finally solved, and the company survived.

It is of the utmost importance that you ________ here on time.

The doctor was asked to go back to the hospital because of ________ case.

The concerns with the origins of the earth ________ their study.

both sides accept the agreement a lasting peace be established in this region.

There is no doubt ________ the company has made the right decision on the sales project.

Women ________ to live longer than men.

The company has been ________ from a small family business to a multi-million-pound operation.

Henry’s news report covering the conference was so ________ that nothing had been omitted.

Directions: According to a survey, at present, many people are suffering from depression. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words.1. Suffering from depression is a common problem.2. The reasons leading to depression.3. How to deal with this problem.

For many of us, the relationship we have with sugar is love at first taste, and that love usually lasts a lifetime. But what price do we have to pay for this truly addictive, sugary love? Rotten teeth? Heavier bodies? Raised blood sugar levels? Or even type 2 diabetes? Time to quit perhaps? Easier said than done. What’s the alternative? Many would suggest using sweeteners as a substitute. But are sweeteners healthier than sugar? Sweeteners are usually low-calorie or calorie-free substances that have a similar taste to sugar. It is estimated that more than a quarter of British households buy artificial sweeteners to help cut their sugar intake. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has approved some of the health claims food manufacturers have made about sweeteners. These include preventing tooth decay and controlling blood sugar levels. But many have concerns over the long-term effects caused by using sweeteners. They believe, organizations like EFSA only require studies which test if something will poison a person in a short period of time, otherwise known as acute toxicity studies. But we still don’t know what the long-term effects are.

根据最近的一项科学研究，进行剧烈运动的人和根本不运动的人死亡率同样大。丹麦科学家对1000多名慢跑者和非慢跑者进行了12年的研究。样本组的死亡率表明，每周以中等速度慢跑两到三次，总时间不超过两个半小时的人死亡率最小。慢跑的最佳速度约为每小时5英里。研究表明，每周慢跑三次以上或速度超过每小时7英里的人的死亡率与不慢跑的人相同。科学家们认为这是因为剧烈运动会导致心脏和动脉的结构性变化。随着时间的推移，这可能会导致严重的伤害。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a summary of the following passage in no more than 80 words; you can either use the sentences from the passage or summarize in your own words. Your summary should contain the main idea of the original passage. （请写出下面文章的英文摘要，可以引用文章句子或自己总结，不超过80个单词）Weeds, the fast-growing plants that cannot be eaten and do not bring flowers, are a common problem for gardeners. Some use chemicals to kill weeds. Others pull them up by hand or with heavy machinery. Luckily, there are other ways to limit their growth.At first, for starters, there are mulches which can bury weeds. Mulches are made from organic material, such as leaves, grass cuttings, and small pieces of wood, or inorganic material like plastic. They are spread over the ground in a garden to control weeds. Organic mulches break down over time so you must add more to your garden often. That is not a bad thing, because their decomposition creates nutrients for plants and humus to keep soils wet and full of fresh air.Plastic mulch is another way to stop weeds. Common black plastic is easy to lay down. It also effectively blocks weeds and helps soil warm faster in the spring. Recent experiments with other colored plastic have shown effects on both bugs and plant growth. A reflective plastic mulch, for example, keeps some plant-eating insects away. But a major problem with plastic is that it breaks apart over time, so eventually it needs to be thrown away. It also adds nothing to the soil as far as nutrients or humus. And plastic also can block air from reaching the soil.One kind of mulch that combines some of the qualities of both plastic and organic material is paper. Paper mulch is easy to lay down and eventually decomposes. However, paper adds little to the soil in terms of humus or nutrients.Then, for larger gardens where the weeds are mainly grasses, a somewhat unusual way to control them is using the birds known as geese. Young geese will eat their weight in weeds every day. A small group of geese can clear weeds in half a hectare of land and keep each other company. All you need to provide is water, protection from the sun, and some additional feed. You also need barriers to keep the geese in and other animals out. One warning, though, do not plant corn or they will eat that, too.Finally, in addition to direct attacks on weeds, how you plant your garden can indirectly influence weed growth. For example, close spacing of plants in the garden blocks sunlight from reaching the ground and can limit weed growth. And using a watering method known as drip irrigation will direct small amounts of water to the roots of your plants instead of the weeds. Whether or not you dig up your soil also influences weed growth. Lying in soil are millions of weed seeds just waiting to be awakened by light and air.Using any or all of the methods will not permanently stop weed growth. Instead, your goal is simply to limit their growth in the garden.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a short essay entitled Pros and Cons of Online Shopping. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 简单介绍网上购物的方法2. 阐述网上购物的好处3. 指出网上购物的缺点、可能出现的问题并总结Useful words and expressions:网上购物：online shopping信用卡：credit card浏览网页：browse

语言是人类使用的一种相互交流的主要手段。语言虽然能被转变成诸如书写文字等其他媒介，但主要还是口头上的。如果不能利用口头交流手段（如聋哑人的情况），则可使用视觉手段（如手势语）。语言的一个显著特点是语言符号与语言意义之间的关系是任意的。语言可以用来讨论各种广泛的话题，这一重要特点使语言能够区别于动物之间的交流。

However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. It is not so bad as you are. It looks poorest when you are richest. The fault-finder will find faults in paradise. Love your life, poor as it is. You may perhaps have some pleasant, thrilling, glorious hours, even in a poor-house. The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man’s abode; the snow melts before its door as early in the spring. I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there, and have as cheering thoughts, as in a palace. The town’s poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any. May be they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving. Most think that they are above being supported by the town; but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means, which should be more disreputable. Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage. Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes or friends. Turn the old, return to them. Things do not change; we change. Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.

Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important indicator. Inflation is a period of increased (1) that causes rapid rises in prices. (2) your money buys fewer goods so that you get (3) for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise (4) the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a (n) (5) when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore.”Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the (6). Retired people, for instance, cannot (7) on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to (8) their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income (9) any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to (10) rising prices. In many cases they must stop (11) some necessary items, such as food and clothing.Even (12) working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The (13) of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just burying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep (14) with rising prices, the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living (15) because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes (16) the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a (17) year as the base. The base price is set (18) 100, and the other prices are reported as a (19) of the base price. A price index makes (20) possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.

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