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The Central Intelligence Agency’s primary stated mission it to collect, evaluate and spread foreign intelligence to assist the president and senior United States government policymakers in making decisions about national security.

Some personal characteristics play a vital role in the development of one’s intelligence. But people fail to realize the importance of cultivating these factors in young people.

Every year as Easter approaches, the store are filled with jelly beans, candy eggs, egg-coloring kits, stuffed, real and chocolate bunnies of all types, and baskets for carrying all of this Easter bounty.

A market is commonly thought of as a place where commodities are bought and sold. But there are markets for things other than commodities in the usual sense such as _1_ estate markets and foreign exchange markets. There may be a market for anything that has a price. And there may be no particular place _2_ dealings are confined. Buyers and sellers may be scattered over the whole world and instead of actually meeting together in a market-place they may _3_ with one another through telephone, telegram, cable or letter. Though dealings are _4_ to a particular place, the dealers may _5_ wholly or in part of agents acting on instructions from clients far away. Thus agents buy meat at Smithfield _6_ retail butchers all over England and brokers on the London Stock Exchange buy and sell _7_ on instructions from clients all over the world. We must therefore define a market _8_ an area over which buyers and sellers are in _9_ close touch with one another that the prices obtainable in one part of the market _10_ the prices paid in other parts.

Clothes play a critical role in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood and social outlook.Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interest.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfit, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t set a job.”1. According to the second paragraph, an elderly middle-class man and an unconventionally-dressed young man may be unable to .2. The author uses the newscasters’ example to illustrate the idea that .3. Men’s professional clothing can best be described as __.4. What can women do with their professional clothing according to the passage?5. What is the best title for the passage?

“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,” mourns Mary Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms. Demeanor” and author of six etiquette books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me: I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside—it’s an attitude based on respecting other people.”A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas (食人鱼) on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a horse on it); a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state to find such a unique item!); a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way it has enhanced your life (I’ll be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!)So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most opportune time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel (装饰用锡箔纸) is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot.I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-mail thank-you notes; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special—just as, we hope, the recipient feels. It’s a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.1. In Ms. Demeanor’s point of view, children born in the is probably the least respectful generation.2. Mary Mitchell suggests that a grateful attitude .3. The author decided to teach the children the grateful attitude .4. How did the author feel when seeing her children searching under the Christmas tree for their presents?5. When comparing the hand-written thank-you notes and the e-mail ones, the author finds that .

How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not only apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashion to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climate, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats. More American men have followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses. At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a nightclub. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either.1. Fashion magazine and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to .2. Kennedy’s example is used to illustrate .3. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes .4. The popularity of jeans and untidy look is possibly due to that they .5. What does the author most probably do with the latest fashion?

Did you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone” regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 12 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This manner of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator, in Paris they take it as it comes.Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands—not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person’s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny joke; or they pat an arm in reassurance. To many people—especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries—such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently done with the left hand. (The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more.)1. What would most probably happen when a Greek meets a North American?2. For Asians, the “comfort zone” .3. Which of the following statements is true about the people in the United States?4. It can be inferred from the passage that the Frenchmen prefer .5. Touching with the left hand is regarded as __ in the Muslem countries.

Very often, the human eye and brain can recognize familiar configurations even if all but a few significant data points are left out. It is this creative power of perception that may someday allow profoundly deaf people to converse in sign language over a special “telephone”. Researchers have found that thirteen spots of light on each hand and one spot on the nose—to show head motion and provide a reference point for hand position—are sufficient for intelligibly rendering of American Sign Language. The bright spots are produced by attaching pieces of reflective tape to the nose, fingertips, wrists, and backs of the second knuckles and adjusting a closed-circuit television system so that only the bright spots appear on the screen of the receiver. After a few minutes of familiarization, pairs of deaf people are able to converse freely over television. Deaf people and other sign readers can, of course, understand sign language and written subtitles on commercial television. But widespread link-ups of television systems for personal communications are economically impossible because a standard picture requires about one thousand times more information than a telephone circuit can carry. The researchers think it likely that the simplified picture of twenty seven moving dots used in their experiments can be reduced to the capacity of a telephone line.1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?2. According to the passage, the person viewing the closed-circuit screen sees __________.3. What causes the bright spots mentioned in the passage?4. It can be inferred from the passage that some television broadcasts already include which of the following?5. How many spots of light will be used in the new communications system?

Each lead and each connector ________ own position.

It is hoped that the prisoner will be released through the ________ of the president himself.

Mr. Black complained about the ________ air-conditioner he bought from the company.

That fellow is smart; he has ________.

That battered old hat of his is a ________ joke to all his friends.

John is the most ________ pupil in class.

His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of ________ for his lameness and inability to play active games.

The bully tried to take away the younger boy’s violin but the youngster ________ him with considerable courage.

Few of the gold seekers who flocked to California were experienced miners ________ that they had to be.

Shout more loudly. He ________ you.

________, I’ll marry him all the same.

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