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These actors failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now they have to ____ the consequences.

When PH.D. candidates ____ their impending professorships, they consider housing benefits offered by the prospective university.

After a concert tour in Asia, England and Canada, he will ____ work on a five-language opera.

Although our understanding of learning is still not complete, a great deal is known. Learning has many different forms and takes place under many conditions. In general, it involves a change in behavior. When a change in behavior takes place as a result of learning, the change is usually a long-lasting one. Learning may mean that a number of small independent acts are arranged in a new order. This happens, for example, when you learn to play a new piece on the piano.

各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，特别是对艺术学科来说，要想了解一个人的艺术禀赋资质和艺术实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。

Directions: Every year, there are about nine million youngsters take the national university entrance exam and an estimated 10 percent apply for places at art universities. Many students have their dreams in the art universities. Write a composition entitled: What is your dream of art? You should write at least 200 words and write your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.

Directions: Write a composition on the topic “Frustration (挫折) Education should be Strengthened among College Students”. You should write at least 200 words. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.

国画（Chinese painting）是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。绘画时用毛笔蘸取黑墨或彩墨在纸张或丝绸上作画。根据表现手法，国画可分为写意派（the Xieyi School）和工笔派（the Gongbi School）两大类。写意派以自由表达和形式夸张为特点；工笔派则注重以精细的笔法描绘细节。山水画被公认为国画的最高形式。纵观历史，不同时期的国画都相应地反映出人们的社会意识。

Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don’t feel happy, pretend to be!It works. Before long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will.Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends.

The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOS and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.” The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a “technological renaissance” say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends—not to mention strangers. And what’s more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24-hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and-time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commodified activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each other’s electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver. Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time—our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1. According to the passage, corporate executives think that 2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. What is the most valuable resource for the .com generation?4. In the sixth paragraph, the author implied that 5. An appropriate title for the passage might be .

Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time in which the eyes stop—the duration of the fixation—varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except .2. The author may believe that reading .3. What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second paragraph?4. Which of the following is NOT true?5. The tune of the author in writing this article is .

Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be game of some kind football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and their certainly experience equal enjoyment.1. Mountaineering involves .2. The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of .3. Mountaineering can be called a team sport because .4. Mountaineers compete against .5. Choose the best title for the passage .

Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential economic uses for waste products.1. The purpose of this passage is .2. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?3. The reader can conclude that .4. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of .5. The words “prior to” (para. 2) probably mean .

Though the number of the upper class is a mere one third of the population, they make up at least 25 percent of the nation’s wealth. This class has two parts: upper-upper and lower-upper. （1）, the upper-upper class is the “old rich”—families that have been wealthy for several generations—a nobility of （2） and wealth. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, and the Vanderbilts. Most are not （3） to the general public. They have no （4） to the rest of the community, （5） their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. By （6）, the lower-upper class is the “new rich”. （7） they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have been （8）_ to make their money like （9） else beneath their class. （10）their status is generally （11） than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who （12） to look down upon the new rich. However its wealth is （13）, the upper class is very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to （14） an interest in the arts and to （15） rare books and paintings. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind, all of which keeps them so （16） from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be （17） of being members of a class. They also （18） an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they （19） many top government positions. Their actions （20） the lives of millions.

In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total ____ for living expenses.

My cat is a fussy eater, but my dog is so ____ that she’ll swallow down anything that is put in front of her.

As for Ann, I am not sure about her ____ in Italian.

The girl chose some very pretty ____ paper for the present.

The man had to ____ the airport several times in order to become familiar with the control of the plane.

I know you’ve got a smooth tongue, so don’t talk me ____ buying it.

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