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Many artists late in the last century were in search of a means to express their individuality. Modern dance was one of the ways some of these people sought to free their creative spirit. At the beginning there was no exacting technique, no foundation from which to build. In later years, trial, error and genius founded the techniques and the principles of the movement. Eventually, innovators even drew from what they considered the dread ballet, but first they had to abandon all that was academic so that the new could be discovered. The beginnings of modern dance were happening before Isadora Duncan, but she was the first person to bring the new dance to general audiences and see it accepted and acclaimed.Her search for a natural movement form sent her to nature. She believed movement should be as natural as the swaying of the trees and the rolling waves of the sea, and should be in harmony with the movement of the Earth. Her great contributions are in three areas.First, she began the expansion of the kinds of movement that could be used in dance. Before Duncan danced, ballet was the only type of dance performed in concert. In the ballet the feet and legs were emphasized, with virtuosity shown by complex, codified positions and movements. Duncan performed dance by using all her body in the freest possible way. Her dance stemmed from her soul and spirit. She was one of the pioneers who broke tradition so others might be able to develop the art.Her second contribution lies in dance costume. She rejected ballet shoes and stiff costumes. These were replaced with flowing Grecian tunes, bare feet, and unbound hair. She believed in the natural body being allowed to move freely, and her dress displayed this ideal.Her third contribution was in the use of music. In her performances she used the symphonies of great masters including Beethoven and Wagner, which was not the usual custom.She was as exciting and eccentric in her personal life as in her dance.1. According to the passage, what did nature represent to Isadora Duncan?2. Compared to those of the ballet, Isadora Duncan’s costumes were less .3. Which of the following is not mentioned as an area of dance that Duncan worked to change?4. We can infer from the passage that the author .5. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely （1） entertainment, resent programs that put （2） on them and are surprised that anybody should （3） the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly （4） with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author, Cardiac Cullingford （5） that the modern child is a （6） viewer. The study suggests that there is little （7） in the later hours. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.Apart from the obvious waste of time （8）_, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Cullingford says that children can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can （9） explain the elements of a particular plot. Recall was in “（10） proportion to the amount they had watched”. It is precisely because television, （11） a teacher, demands so little attention and response （12） children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to （13） serious messages are strongly disliked. （14） people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most are the advertisements. They see them as short programs （15） their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they （16） strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to （17） them.In addition, children are not （18） involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, （19） their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. Children are perfectly （20） the functions of advertisements. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.

As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color.

Leo Tolstoy was ____ as the greatest writer of the 20th century.

This will make art groups more directly and effectively ____ to audiences, and more responsive to their criticisms and wishes.

The cultural department is trying to help these performing enterprises out of the ____ by various means.

Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite ____ in the repetitive and mechanical form of the waltz.

He is an actor of ____ who has never abandoned his principles for the sake of his own benefits.

The drama awards provide a(n) ____ for young people to improve their performing skills.

Brazilian music is thoroughly imbued with African themes, and ____ composers have long found inspiration in the black musical heritage.

The singer used to play badminton with you, ____?

There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colors and styles in men’s clothing, but none of them ____.

Although this book claims to be a biography of writer, many of the incidents are ____.

If you never review your stage lines, you will only have yourself to ____ if you fail in your performance.

Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a famous clown with a strong（）.

Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a famous clown with a strong ____.

Some readers may find it ____ that a book arguing for greater literacy and intellectual discipline should lead to a call for less rather than more education.

The ink has faded with time and so parts of the letter were ____.

Why are some of us good at math, while others ____ at art or volleyball.

Sometimes artists find it hard for their work to win popular ____.

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