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Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was（） by the noise from the next room.

He is unable to find a post（） with his ability.

The tremor in his voice（） his nervousness.

He was extremely（）by the illness of his daughter.

If you（） your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.

If you reveal your friend’s secrets, you will（） him.

A coat of paint will develop small cracks as it（） over time.

A camera takes light rays（）off subjects and focuses them on a sheet of film.

1. 公民、法人的合法民事权益受法律保护，任何组织和个人不得侵犯。2. 已满16岁的人犯罪，应当负刑事责任。

If the Commission finds, after notice and opportunity for hearing, that any person is violating, has violated, or is about to violate any provision of this title, or any rule or regulation thereunder, the Commission may publish its findings and enter an order requiring such person, and any other person that is, was, or would be a cause of the violation, due to an act or omission the person knew or should have known would contribute to such violation, to cease and desist from committing or causing such violation and any future violation of the same provision, rule, or regulation. Such order may, in addition to requiring a person to cease and desist from committing or causing a violation, require such person to comply, or to take steps to effect compliance with such provision, rule, or regulation, upon such terms and conditions and within such time as the commission may specify in such order. Any such order may, as the Commission deems appropriate, require future compliance or steps to effect future compliance, either permanently or for such period of time as the Commission may specify, with such provision, rule or regulation with respect to any security, any issuer, or any other person.

1. Members shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Members may, but shall not be obliged to, implement in their law more extensive protection than is required by this Agreement, provided that such protection does not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal system and practice. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “intellectual property” refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Section I through 7 of Part II. Members shall accord the treatment provided for in this Agreement to the nationals of other Members. In respect of the relevant intellectual property right, the national of other Members shall be understood as those natural or legal persons that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the Paris Convention (1967), the Berne Convention (1971), the Rome Convention and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, were all Members of the WTO members of those conventions. Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in Paragraph 3 of Article 5 or Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those provisions to the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the “Council for TRIPS”).2. Criminal law is distinctive for the uniquely serious potential consequences of failure to abide by its rules. Every crime is composed of criminal elements. An element of a crime (collectively called elements of crime) is a basic set of common law principles regarding criminal liability that, with few exceptions, constitute the essential elements to prove that the defendant committed a crime under United States law. The jury must be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed each element of the particular crime charged before deciding on a guilty verdict. The component parts that make up any particular crime vary depending on the crime. The basic components are mental state (Mens rea), conduct (Actus reus), concurrence and causation. However, the two necessary elements that must coexist for a crime to exist is that the defendant must have committed an act and that act must have been committed intentionally.

Directions: Write a composition of no less than 300 words on the following topic.Should Colleges Focus on Talent Training or Scientific Research?

1. We must continue with the reform in tax and fee in rural areas to lighten the burdens of farmers and protect their interests. 2. China does not seek hegemony or predominance in world affairs. It advocates a new international political and economic order. 3. If we do not crack down on corruption, the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people will suffer a lot and the Party will be in danger of losing its ruling position, or possibly heading for self-destruction. 4. Nobody in any sector, public or private, should offer benefits unless for a good reason. 5. Dams are a dramatic example of a human activity that degrades freshwater ecosystems.

当前我国经济发展的势头良好，经济增长基本做到了速度、质量和效益的平衡。但是，我们应该清醒地看到，世界上没有一个国家的经济发展会长盛不衰，会永远保持高速度，中国也不例外。改革开放取得的成就是有目共睹的，但是，随着经济形势的变化，又出现了一些新的矛盾和问题，比如，国企改革问题、失业率高问题、金融风险问题以及生态环境破坏问题等。这些问题都需要我们高度重视，尽快找到有效的解决办法。

Genetically modified crops are everywhere. It seems even in Europe, strict laws designed to keep the European Union free of GM crops are not working, instead are posing problems for the EU: Farmers’s representatives say that supplies of animal feed for poultry and pigs are being refused entry at European ports when found to contain even trace amounts of GM material. Under Europe’s “zero-tolerance” laws on GM, introduced in 2007, the presence of even a few seeds of GM material will rule out an entire shipment. The animal feed industry says the laws are unworkable because GM material is almost unavoidable, given today’s global supply chain. “Though we understand the consumer concern in Europe, we don’t understand zero tolerance because it closes down trade.” says Pekka Pesonen, secretary general of Copa-Cogeca, a federation of groups representing 15 million EU farmers in total. He claims that European pig and poultry farmers will go out of business unless the EU adopts a more practical checking approach by setting a standard ― say 0.5 percent ― beneath which GM is tolerated. Pesonen says such “tolerances” operate for other pollution, including pesticides and heavy metals. So why not for GM material, much of which has been cleared for human consumption elsewhere in the world?Last year 200,000 tons of conventional animal feed ― mainly soy and com ― were refused entry to the EU when they were found to contain small amounts of GM com varieties. Then flax from Canada was found to contain traces of a GM variety named CDC Triffid that was withdrawn from commercial sale in 2001. Following a prohibition on flax more than 100 shipments were rejected, but trade is slowly resuming. The rejected tonnages is only a small part of the 32 million tons of feed imported each year. But it leads to delays to subsequent contracts, higher prices and reluctance by importers to risk further shipments. Prices will be higher still this year, says Pesonen, owing to natural disaster in South America and a growing market for American farmers selling crops to Asia, which accepts mixed shipments. Increasing numbers of GM crop varieties are on the way. At present, around 30 varieties are grown around the world, blit that is predicted to double twice by 2015. Making screening more difficult than ever. A further conflict arises because all the European officials are due to be replaced in February. A spokeswoman for the health commission, which introduced the zero - tolerance policy to satisfy widespread questionings in Europe about the safety of GM crops, says that intensive discussion on feed imports have already taken place. “Once the new commission is established, it will have to consider how to proceed on this matter.” she says. 1.European laws against GM products（）.2.Taking today’s global supply chain into account, the animal feed industry thinks that （）. 3.What is European farmers’ attitude to GM according to Pekka Pesonen?4.After some shipments are refused to be imported, （）. 5.According to the last paragraph, why did the health commission introduce the zero-tolerance policy?

According to the “hygiene hypothesis” first proposed in 1989, exposure to a variety of bacteria, viruses and parasitic worms early in life helps prime a child’s immune system, much like sensory experiences program his brain. Without such early instruction, the immune system may go in disorder and overreact with allergies to foods, pollen and pet fur or turn on the body’s own tissue, setting off autoimmune disorders. Many of these microorganisms evolved symbiotically with humans over millions of years — the so-called “old friends” theory. But where they have been eradicated, a key part of human development has been thrown off. “The vast majority of microbes are harmless. There are only a few dozen that can cause lethal infections.” says Thomas McDade, director of the Laboratory for Human Biology Research at Northwestern University. In 1998, about one in five children in industrialized countries suffered from allergic diseases such as asthma, allergies and rashes, according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, a global research initiative. The incidence of peanut allergy in the US tripled between 1997 and 2008, according to a report from Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York. But such diseases are still relatively rare in Africa and rural Asia. “The geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases is a mirror image of the geographical distribution of various infectious diseases.” says a report by French researchers devoted to the hygiene hypothesis. Exposure to immune-stimulating germs may also lower the risk of heart disease, according to Dr. McDade. But there are other dangers lurking in muddy water and animal faces. Michael Bell, an infectious disease specialist and deputy director of Healthcare Quality Promotion at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says that people should be vigilant about wound care since bacteria can cause problems if they get into the blood stream, and he still advocates hand-washing. “If you’re not doing it ten times a day, you’re probably not doing it enough.” he says. But he and other experts say that regular soap and water are fine in most cases. Sterilizing hands is critical mainly for health-care workers and in hospitals, where disease-causing germs are prevalent and can easily spread. Many experts advise common sense. “We don’t want to say to children. OK, play by the dirty river bank and catch whatever you can.” says Dr. Weinstocks. “But we can say there’s nothing wrong with kids playing in the dirt. They don’t have to live in total sanitation, and they won’t die from eating something off the floor. It’s probably more healthy than not.”1.The “hygiene hypothesis” proposed that exposure to various viruses and germs in early childhood（）.2.What if we live without any microorganisms?3.According to French researchers, the geographical distribution of allergic and autoimmune diseases （）. 4.What does Michael Bell suggest we do in daily life?5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

It’no secret we are a culture consumed by image. Economist have long recognized what’s been dubbed the “beauty premium” — the idea that pretty people, whatever their aspirations, tend to do better in, well, almost everything. Handsome men earn, on average, 5 percent more than their less-attractive counterparts (good-looking women earn 4 percent more); pretty people get more attention from teachers, bosses, and mentors; even babies stare longer at good-looking faces (and we stare longer at good-looking babies). A couple of decades ago, when the economy was thriving, we might have brushed off those statistics as superficial. But in 2010, there’s a growing bundle of research to show that our bias against the unattractive is more pervasive than ever. And when it comes to the workplace, it’s looks, not merit, that all too often rule. Newsweek surveyed 202 corporate hiring managers, from human-resources staff to senior-level vice presidents, as well as 964 members of the public, only to confirm what no qualified (or unqualified) employee wants to admit: from hiring to office politics to promotions, even, looking good is no longer something we can dismiss as frivolous or vain. Fifty-seven percent of hiring managers said qualified blit unattractive candidates are likely to have a harder time landing a job, while more than half advised spending as much time and money on “making sure they look attractive” as on perfecting a resume. Asked to rank employee attributes in order of importance, meanwhile, managers placed looks above education: of nine character traits, it came in third, below experience (No.1) and confidence (No.2) but above“where a candidate went to school” (No.4). Does that mean you should drop out of Harvard and invest in a nose job? Probably not. But a state school might be just as marketable. “This is the new reality of the job market,” says one New York recruiter. “It’s better to be average and good-looking than brilliant and unattractive.” Today’s working women have achieved “equality”: they dominate the workforce, they are household breadwinners, and they balk at having to subvert their sexuality, whether in the boardroom or on the beach. Yet while the outside-work milieu might accept the empowered yet feminine ideal, the workplace surely does not. Studies show that unattractive women remain at a disadvantage in low-level positions like secretary, while in upper-level fields that are historically male-dominated, good-looking women can suffer a so-called bimbo effect. They are viewed as too feminine, less intelligent, and less competent — not only by men but also by their female peers. 1.The “beauty premium” called by economists means that（）.2.What have researches in 2010 proved when it comes to workplace?3.What can we learn from the survey conducted by Newsweek?4.What can we learn about today’s working women?5.What is “bimbo effect” according to the last paragraph?

This book was a work of such（）that it took 20 years to write.

The founding of new China（）people’s desire for independence.

It is his （）. If the bike is damaged, he must pay.

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