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The waste pipe is blocked; try（）it out with hot water, or just call the plumber to do it.

When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson（）going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.

If we don’t stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will be（）.

Ploughs and other agricultural（）were on display at the recent exhibition.

She was delirious last night, but she seems quite（）this morning.

We have done all we could and now our cherished project is（）our new CEO.

Many of the local residents left homes to（）the danger of flooding.

The（）language of local officials makes them seem very ignorant and rude.

（）excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.

You are to write a composition of no less than 250 words and do your composition neatly on the Answer Sheet. Your composition should be based on the following:Statistics show that cities are becoming bigger and bigger. What do you think are the causes and possible consequences?You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

Translate the following paragraph into English电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。相隔千里的人们可以在短短的几秒钟之内发送并接受详尽的文件资料。这就使得人们能够以一种前所未有的方式齐心协力，共同承担大量的工程项目。通过电子邮件与国外的人通信、交换文件已成为司空见惯的事情。唯一的障碍是时区的不同。

Translate the following paragraph into ChineseDeath is a subject that is evaded, ignored, and denied by our youth-worshiping, process-orient.ed society. It is almost as we have taken on death as just another disease to be conquered. But the fact is that death is inevitable. We will all die; it is only a matter of time. Death is as much a part of human existence, of human growth and development, as being born. It is one of the few things in life we can count on, that we can be assured will occur. Death is not an enemy to be conquered or a prison to be escaped. It is an integral part of our lives that gives meaning to human existence. It sets a limit on our time in this life, urging us to do something productive with that time as long as it is ours to use.

When Privacy International, a human rights watchdog group, started searching for the favorites for its annual award for “most invasive company,” three nominees were judged as potentially eligible for a trophy featuring a lace-up shoe crushing a head. FollowUs, a new mobile phone tracking company in Britain, didn’t get the boot, but it was singled out as a runner-up because it is in the vanguard of emerging companies that permit a curious boss to track wandering workers in the field by standard cell phones and computers.The fear, says Simon Davies, of Privacy International, is that telephone tracking could pose a major privacy issue for the future as technology advances. The number of mobile employees who work outside the office is rising steadily and is expected to reach almost 100 million in Europe by 2007. So it’s no surprise that privacy advocates and some unions are wary that the new tools could be used as the digital equivalent of roaming sweat shops, with employees under constant watch. In the 18 months since FollowUs was created, the company has sold its services to more than 20,000 users, mostly managers of small businesses who are looking for inexpensive alternatives to the Global Positional System, according to Kevin Brown, the company’s operations director.But Brown said: “It is not all about keeping an eye on people. There are benefits. We know of one case where a logistics company implemented the solution after one of their drivers died in his lorry after having a heart attack while parked asleep. It took them two days to find and recover the guy.” FollowUs is already laying groundwork to expand to Germany, the Netherlands and Italy, where Brown said local regulations were more receptive than in France, which interprets European Union privacy rules more strictly. Brown said that employees must consent to be tracked after receiving a telephone text message. Davies, of Privacy International, takes a dim view of such consent. “It’s a bit like the offer you can't refuse,” he said. “It’s a godfather situation, where, in order to gain employment, you have to accept unfavorable conditions.” He advises companies to use the techniques with caution and candor. “The rule of thumb，” he said, “is to make people want to use it, give them a reason for it and respect them.”1.Which of the following is NOT true of FollowUs?2.Compared with Global Positioning System, FollowUs Services（）.3.The example of a driver who died in his lorry emphasizes the （） of FollowUsservices.4.Davies believes that the requirement for employee consent （）. 5.The main idea of the passage may be summarized as（）.

The terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder that in today’s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the vent happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morals of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it’s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren't limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that is disproportionate with the actual threat.” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violent becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn’t what you do, but it’s how it’s covered that determines the effect.” For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening’s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group’s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don’t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It’s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,” says Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity （无处不在）of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it’s the only tactic they have available to them. “They don’t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don’t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,” says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one beheading（斩首）can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1.000 of the enemy,” Haroun tells WebMD. “You haven’t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you’ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”1.What has changed the rules of psychological warfare?2.The goal of psychological warfare is to（）.3.According to Richard Bulliet, publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because （）. 4.The Iranian hostage crisis shows that （）. 5.In this passage the author（）.

Of the great variety of opinions concerning “marriage for money”，the following three are important with reference to the development of the importance of money. Marriages based exclusively upon economic motives have not only existed in all periods and at all stages of development, but are particularly common among primitive groups and conditions where they do not cause any offence at all. The disparagement of personal dignity that nowadays arises in every marriage that is not based on personal affection ― so that a sense of decency requires the concealment of economic motives — does not exist in simpler cultures. The reason for this development is that increasing individualization makes it increasingly contradictory and discreditable to enter into purely individual relationships for other than purely individual reasons.For nowadays the choice of a partner in marriage is no longer determined by social motives (though regard for the offspring may be considered to be such a motive), in so far as society does not insist upon the couple’s equal social status ― a condition, however, that provides a great deal of latitude and only rarely leads to conflicts between individual and social interests. In a quite undifferentiated society it may be relatively irrelevant who marries whom, irrelevant not only for the mutual relationship of the couple but also for the offspring. This is because where the constitutions, state of health, temperament, internal and external forms of life and orientations are largely the same within the group, the chance that the children will turn out well depends less upon whether the parents agree and complement each other than it does in highly differentiated society. It therefore seems quite natural and expedient that the choice of the partner should be determined by reasons other than purely individual affection. Yet personal attraction should be decisive in a highly individualized society where a harmonious relationship between two individuals becomes increasingly rare.The declining frequency of marriage which is to be found everywhere in highly civilized cultural circumstances is undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that highly differentiated people in general have difficulty in finding a completely sympathetic complement to themselves. Yet we do not possess any other criterion and indication for the advisability of marriage except mutual instinctive attraction. But, happiness is a purely personal matter, decided upon entirely by the couple themselves, and there would be no compelling reason for the official insistence on at least pretending love may be misleading — particularly in the higher strata, whose complicated circumstances often retard the growth of the purest instincts — no matter how much other conditions may affect the final results, it remains true that, with reference to procreation, love is decidedly superior to money as a factor selection. In fact, in this respect, it is the only right and proper thing.Marriage for money directly creates a situation of panmixia — the indiscriminate pairing regardless of individual qualities ― a condition that biology has demonstrated to be the cause of the most direct and detrimental degeneration of the human species. In the case of marriage for money, the union of a couple is determined by a factor that has absolutely nothing to do with racial appropriateness — just as the regard for money often enough keeps apart a couple who really belong together—and it should be considered as a factor in degeneration to the same extent to which the undoubted differentiation of individuals makes selection by personal attraction more and more important. This case too illustrates once more that the increasing individualization within society renders money increasingly unsuitable as a mediator of purely individual relationships.1.According to the text, what is said to influence matrimonial compatibility and stability in simpler cultures? 2.Marriages motivated by monetary aspirations are more likely not to be camouflaged in what strata of society?3.The marriage rate is said to be decreasing because（）.4.How is the question of race in relation to marriage similar to the question of money?5.Panmixia is said to（）.

There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicones, and Plexiglas were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.Despite these finding, we are urged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm,cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with its prodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will either improve our standard of living or do much to protect our diminishing resources.Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the process, is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation, investment in innovation— a risky and expensive budget item —might meet resistance from management and stockholders concerned about cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to equate the monopolistic producer with bountiful expenditures on research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Moreover, in some cases, industrial giants faced with little or no competition seek to avoid the capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress. By contrast, small firms undeterred by large investments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, investing in innovation in order to expand their market shares.The conglomerates are not, however, completely except from strong competitive pressures. There are instances in which they too must compete with another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to（）.2.According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth century （）. 3.Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph of the passage?4.With which of the following statements would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?5.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s main point?

Had the explosion broken out, the passengers in the plane should have been killed, for it was（）timed with the plane’s take-off.

China’s（）cultural heritage should be better protected through increased efforts to preserve endangered art.

Newspapers and magazines carry extensive（）of diet and health topics, and diet books are among the best sellers.

Teachers complain that English learners（）these tests without being able to speak English on a daily topic and write a decent essay.

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