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The old couple decided to（）a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.

Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full（）.

One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（）to expressed thoughts.

In court, the accused man claimed that he was innocent, saying that he had been（）.

Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National（）area in national crime prevention strategies.

Heavy smokers are twenty times more likely to be（）by lung cancer than non-smokers.

These days some educators in the Western World criticize that Chinese educators have failed in encouraging students ’free thinking, which is the essence of the education. Do you agree with this viewpoint or not?In this section you are required to write an essay under the title “On Chinese Educators”. You mustFirst, describe the current situation of Chinese educators;Then, analyze and present your viewpoint via facts, data, examples, etc.;Finally, give your conclusion or suggestions. Your essay must be no less than 200 words and written on the ANSWER SHEET.On Chinese Educators

Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. 据财富、种族、教育、地域的不同，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模有很大差别。数据表明，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即拥有高中和大学文凭的富裕的白人和那些稳定的双亲家庭中增长更迅速。最高收入阶层的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭访问互联网的可能性是那些低收入阶层，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用计算机的比例高达76.56%，但与之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese. When the objects of an inquiry, in any department, have principles, causes, or elements, it is through acquaintance with these that knowledge and understanding is attained. For we do not think that we know a thing until we are acquainted with its primary causes or first principles, and have carried our analysis as far as its elements. Plainly, therefore, in the science of nature too our first task will be to try to determine what relates to its principles. The natural way of doing this is to start from the things which are more knowable and clear to us and proceed towards those which are clearer and more knowable by nature, for the same things are not knowable relatively to us and knowable without qualification. So we must follow this method and advance from what is more obscure by nature, but clearer to us, towards what is clearer and more knowable by nature. Now what is to us plain and clear at first is rather confused masses, the elements and principles of which become known to us later by analysis.

Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels （吟游歌手）and mercenaries（雇佣兵）, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan（部落）system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for "man". But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy （异端）in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism（流浪）. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery. It wasn't until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust （大屠杀）.Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized（消除）, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned (迅速成长).Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent’s largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay (不予重视)their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own — unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand.”1.Gypsies are united only when they（）.2.In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT （）. 3.According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of （）. 4.Which of the following is NOT true about the history of the Gypsies?

Calculus does not have to be made easy — it is easy already. That banner used to grace the Los Angeles classroom of someone once called the best teacher in America. Jaime Escalante, the unconventional calculus teacher who was depicted by Edward James Olmos in the 1988 film Stand and Deliver, died last year of cancer at the age of 79.Half a year after his death, the Obama administration weighed in on the state of science, technology, engineering and mathematics（STEM） education in this country. The report, “Prepare and Inspire,” reviewed the sobering statistics about how our K-12 schools suffer by comparison to their counterparts in other developed nations. It called for recruiting and training 100,000 STEM teachers.But achieving these goals is not going to be easy. The report noted that 25,000 STEM teachers leave the workforce every year, mostly because of disgruntlement with their jobs and lack of professional support. To attract and retain enough science and math teachers, it will require an elevation in their status and a thorough revamping（翻新）of attitudes toward the entire profession.The onus（责任）to improve schools should be on federal, state and local educational strategists. The first step should be to tap the strengths of the existing teaching pool. We must identify today’s Escalante — the top 5 percent of the nation’s STEM teachers — and, as recommended in the administration report, induct them into a STEM master teachers corps that would receive salary supplements and federal funding to support their activities. Second, we need to give all teachers the tools they need. We should form the equivalent of an Advanced Research Projects Agency to help develop educational technologies, including “deeply digital” instructional materials that encourage active participation. Finally, we should shift our emphasis from standards to implementation. Developing new standards does have a role, but it is the difficulty of putting them into practice, given the day-to-day pressures that teachers are under.To meet all the goals set by the White House report would require an extra $1 billion each year. Against the nearly $600 billion spent annually for public education, it is not a huge sum. Still, with local districts faced with declining tax revenues and unfunded mandates, some of the money will have to come from the federal government.That goes against the grain during a time when teachers’ salaries and benefits are being cut. Yet the costs of doing nothing are a matter of simple calculus. If we do not improve STEM education, the U.S. will continue a decades-long slide from the middle of the pack in student achievement toward the very bottom.1.The example of Jaime Escalante is cited to show（）.2.The author comes up with the following solutions EXCEPT （）. 3.It can be inferred that the biggest barrier to the education reform lies in（）. 4.According to the passage, “...the costs of doing nothing are a matter of simple calculus” means that（）.

At high noon last October 1st, the citizens of Ecuador（厄瓜多尔）did something they’d never dreamed possible: they synchronized（同步）their watches. In doing so, they embarked on a national campaign against lateness. A special group organized this campaign. The group invited the President to join in them, but actually the President was infamously unpunctual. Anyway, the President agreed to vow to participate. His spokesman, going on television to announce this vow, arrived at the studio, needless to say, several minutes late.Such a campaign may be scorned or laughed at, because it seems not serious and even nonsense, without any practical meaning, but it comes out of a basic economic fact: punctuality pays. According to one study, chronic lateness costs Ecuador $ 2.5 billion a year ― hardly small change in a country with a gross domestic product of just twenty-four billion dollars. The fundamental challenge for a modern economy is to coordinate the actions of millions of independent people so that goods may be produced and services delivered as efficiently as possible. It’s a lot easier to do this when people are where they’re supposed to be when they’re supposed to be there. This is especially true in light of recent innovations such as just-in-time manufacturing.Dell computer’s suppliers have to be able to deliver parts to Dell’s factories within ninety minutes. Under those conditions, “I’ll get to it later” won’t do.In some punctual countries like Japan, pedestrians walk fast, business transactions take place quickly, and bank clocks are always accurate. In less punctual places, such as Indonesia, pedestrians amble, workers idle, and bank clocks are usually wrong. In other words, Ecuadorians are trying to revolutionize the way they live and work.Can they do it? There are obvious obstacles. Tardiness can be quite pleasant, especially when it’s what you’ve accustomed to. There is also the tricky question of class. Lateness can be a way for the rich and powerful to assert themselves, to show how much more valuable their time is. In Ecuador, members of the military and the government are the most notorious offenders, and businessmen are far more likely to show up late than blue-collar workers are. There’s no point in getting to a meeting on time if no one is going to be there. Tardiness feeds on itself, creating a vicious cycle.1.It is implied in the first paragraph that the president of Ecuador（）.2.The word “pay” has the same meaning in “punctuality pays” as in （）. 3.Which of the following statements about Ecuador people is correct?4.It can be inferred from the passage that（）.

The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rhyme, and pitch as major devices; to these the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation, and various traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint （对位）, and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry seems certainly to have been read or chanted to a harpist’s （竖琴师）accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode （逸事）,is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours.The distance between the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of Leonard Cohen or Bob Dylan may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be "Gerontion," or "You Ain't Nothin'. But a Hound Dog," our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same.The most important prerequisite （先决条件）for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing poetry are indeed necessary because these are the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poem’s vision — on pain of writing only the derivative（派生物）or the trivial. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile（奴性的）compliance to popular taste.1.According to the writer, the relationship between poetry and music（）.2.Which of the following statements is true, according to the text?3.In the text, the author focuses on（）.

At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. “We are largely the playthings of our fears," wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. "To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness — for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place.”Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline (肾上激素)are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem.Phil’s dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because "the car might break down." Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.1.In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “our particular creature” refers to（）.2.Fear can be a useful emotion to us because it can （）. 3.Fear becomes a problem only when （）. 4.Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that （）. 5.Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely by our（）.

At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror（）curiosity.

He has been plowing through a biography of Lyndon Johnson and a（）of Henry Kissinger.

Our journey was slow because the train stopped（）at different villages.

As a lawyer （）for his good judgment and eloquence, he is often invited to those grand banquets and meets those distinguished people from all circles.

I （）you that the goods will be delivered next week.

She was so（） in her work that she didn’t notice me when I came in the room.

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