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When one of my roommates broke his leg during a basketball game, the doctor at the clinic said that he couldn’t cure it, so we had to take him to the hospital five kilometers from here.

Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would destroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women works. Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter: they are, in practice, more of a curse than a blessing.Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women’s needs and abilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Second World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of “protecting” their health. By validating such laws when they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, less advantageous employment terms for women than for men, thus reducing women’s competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth.Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years; manufacturers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no affected whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Protective laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit all employees without discriminating against any.In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needs-good health care, a decent wage, and a safe workplace-are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women’s rights for equal protection in employment.1. According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers? .2.According to the first paragraph of the passage, the author considers which of the following to be most helpful in determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women?3.The main point of the passage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are（）.4.The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employeehealth insurance plans?5.According to the passage, special labor laws protecting women workers tend generally to have which of the following effects?

Picking flowers in the park is absolutely （）.

Please （） from smoking until the aeroplane is airborne.

After his recovery from illness, he is determined to （）what he had been doing to attain the goal.

He has never worried about his properties because he has （）them against disasters and theft.

When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his （） can be distributed.

The boy seemed more （）to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.

首先，额外的学习对孩子的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子在枯燥的教室里待了一整天之后，参加一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们的生活造成严重的影响。第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外学习没有什么好感。当别的孩子玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能把精力集中在课本上。而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流, 很难培养他们的交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻，甚至产生某些心理疾病。通过以上讨论我们可以得出结论：尽管额外的学习的确有很多优点, 但它的缺点不可忽视，远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子学习是不明智的。任何家长都应非常重视孩子在学习和玩耍这两方面的平衡，正如那句老话：只学习，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

He argued that the（）of firearms in America is an illegal act, and degrades the values this country was founded on.

世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果，这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己动手去操作，自己细心体察。这样。他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥秘。

She admired the director to such an extent that she took his words as（）oracles.

Historians such as Le Roy Laduric have used the documents to extract case histories, which have（） the attitudes of different social groups and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.

Their reflexive mindset tells scientists that all claims, （）political, moral, or religious, are open to examination and critique.

The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescence period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change.In modem society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there is no longer agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the education ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of 16 the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increase his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver’s license, he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of 18 the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of 21 the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, buy liquor, enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.1.The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because（）.2.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to（）.3.No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is（）.4.Starting from 22, （）.

I’d rather you （） me a new one instead of having mine repaired as you did.

We must also understand how to（）between what should be remembered and what should be forgotten.

I failed in my new job. If only I （）my parents.

The law on drinking and driving is（）stated.

Why be（）about that old coat? There’s no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.

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