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In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decision makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important — and that has happened in some cases — we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Monism” — but we don't want to exchange it for a "neo-Popism". What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit — nor the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.1.The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and the father is that （）.2.According to the author, the father's role in the home is （）. 3.With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?4.The author states that bringing up children （）. 5. What is the passage mainly about?

Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail, then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage as men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community in pre-industrial times, while now it becomes customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.Also as employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded — a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the Utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.Research carried out in recent opinion polls shows that （）.2.The passage suggests that we should now reexamine our thinking about the future of work and （）. 3.The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that （）. 4.The effects of almost universal employment became overwhelming in that （）. 5.The passage concludes that（）.

For this part, you are expected to write a composition on the topic "Pollution and Sustained Development." You should write your composition in about 200 words and you are supposed to begin your composition with the following given topic sentences in each paragraph.Paragraph One: Pollution has become a serious problem in China.Paragraph Two: The pollution of our environment has aroused more and more attention.Paragraph Three: Ways to tackle the problem of pollution include.

The reason why James Bond movies are (A) so popular is (B) because (C) they combine the appeal of traditional spy (D) stories with the appeal of technological devices.

We are willing to (A) share whatever (B) we know, no matter how it might be little (C), with anyone who is in need of that (D) knowledge or skill.

In these days, with the rising cost of life (A), it is (B) dangerous for (C) a married man to risk his place in his profession or in his community (D).

The trouble is, as I see it (A), that he is a perfectionist in his way (B), and he says that (C) lie will not have children when (D) they can afford it financially.

Human beings are social (A) animals who usually prefer not living (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).

In spite of (A) his aged (B) appearance, his movements were as spirited (C) as a young man(D).

With (A) the word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B) spend a lifetime for (C) the advancement of science to the best (D) of one's ability.

Despite (A) his low opinion of (B) professors — or perhaps in (C) an effort to improve the breed — Smith himself eventually became it (D).

The teacher said that if (A)we believed something was (B)true and good we should (C) hold on to them (D).

We'd rather have long waits than (A) no shifting of the scenes, and (B) all the actors on (C) the stage doing (D) nothing.

Translate the following into ChineseDuring the past four decades the fishery scientists of the West have studied the dynamics of fish populations with the objective of determining the relation between the amount of fishing and the sustainable catch.Clearly, science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative; this may entail looking beyond existing paradigms governing research in a given area of study.Practitioners explicitly interpret what they observe, and often categorize their data after the data collection process is complete and from the perspectives of the people they observing.The subject of social science inquiry is patterned social regularities. A search for these regularities shows that most human behavior, from big and momentous acts to small and insignificant ones, is patterned.Wall Street is living on borrowed time. Since the October 1987 crash securities trading has been depressed, retail investors have hurried out of stocks and the issue of new share stocks has been decreased sharply.In fact, the collation of these lists has been enough to pull down our vanity; for the more one looks at what is available in an unfamiliar field, the more urgent, the desire one feels to abandon the affectations of the editor and assume the modesty the student.Of all the areas of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions.While populations were low and stable little permanent damage was done, but with a steady increase in the size and number of human communities the forest and soil have little time to recover.

1. Burton Feldman, author of The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige, explores three significant questions about the Nobel Prizes. The first is why they became so famous and influential. Today, a Nobel laureate is granted both a priestly aura and real powers. Perhaps most pervasively in the sciences, laureates shape fields and the public perception of them. Like everything that inspires public awe and jealousy, the Nobels awaken the imps of satire, notably in the yearly anointing of the Ignobel Prizes. In part, the amount of money the prize carries (about $910,000 in 2000) matters; cash value blurs easily into cachet. Learning from the Nobel, newer prizes that want visibility and prestige of ten write big checks to the winners. Several early winners, especially Marie Curie, the poor student who suffered but triumphed for science, came equipped with compelling, media-friendly stories. Once famous, the prizes, like the Oscars, garnered publicity each year simply because they were there. Aisc, as Mr. Feldman rightly suggests, we need a bridge between “esoteric knowledge, high intellectual achievement and the marketplace.” We cannot understand exactly what a laureate did that is so magnificent, but we can understand the Nobel stamp of approval, the brand name. As Mr. Feldman writes, “Where comprehension fails, celebrity fills in.” We trust that “Nobelity” computes with nobility.2. The true believer would assert that we respect, even revere, the Nobel Prize because the winners patently and intrinsically deserve it. Merit has triumphed over the mundane and mediocre. Mr. Feldman’s second question is whether it has. Lots of lobbying goes on; given the stakes, the politicking can get relentless. It is, however, only one feature of a selection process that is both competitive and standardized enough to produce a winning Nobel profile. Mr. Feldman sardonically offers practical advice to a Nobel wannabe: Try to live in Britain, the United States or Germany; go to an elite school; have a good mentor, be in the right place; work hard at the right problem; win other prizes; live a long time, (There is often a time-lag between achievement and Nobel recognition — 16 years in the case of Einstein. In 1948, when T.S. Eliot was recognized, he was 60 years old and stooped with honors.)3. The Nobel blunders are public knowledge. The man who pioneered pre-frontal lobotomies successfully angled for a Nobel; Dmitri Mendeleev, who invented the periodic table of the elements, was never a laureate. For decades, atomic physics was preferred to astrophysics and geophysics. One could list further examples — but every prize competition makes errors of commission and omission.4. The third question that Mr. Feldman explores is why mistakes happen, even in this honorable competition. The Nobels, like all but the most flexible and idiosyncratic of prize competitions, must work within guidelines and parameters. They may ultimately constrict it — like plaque in an artery. The terms of Nobel’s will may have helped to deform the literature awards by demanding work of “an idealistic tendency”. In general, the prizes have underwritten the misleading myth of the towering genius whose solitary work would eventually help many. This stress on the heroic individual may sooner or later conflict with the nature of contemporary science, in which major work is done by teams — scores or hundreds or even thousands of people.5. The genius-dubbing business is never any better than its selection process. The names that survive the process can be no more compelling than the names submitted: garbage in, garbage out, cronies and proteges in, cronies and proteges out. (This year’s laureate in literature, Gao Xingjian, has as his translator and benefactor one of the 18 members of the Swedish Academy the tiny group charged with choosing the winner) Aisc, people in the selection process can be at once manipulative and political (which corrodes fairness), and convinced of their own good faith and rectitude (which blinds them to their own weaknesses and those of their culture). Secrecy as strict as that which cloaks the Nobel Prize can hinder fresh, corrective criticism.6. Mr. Feldman’s conclusions about the Nobels are measured, moderate and plausible. The science prizes emerge with the best record; literature, although it has become more adventurous and less parochial, has been mixed; peace, the most overtly political, reflects conflicts about its purpose; and economics is the most insular, questioned by several of its most prominent laureates to Mr. Feldman’s overt scorn. On balance, he believes that the prizes are “healthier” than they were a century ago; a “desperately needed symbol of authority and coherence in an age when all standards are under attack”; and a stimulus for our capacity to wonder at greatness.1.According to the first paragraph, which of the following is one of the reasons the Nobel became so famous and influential?2.The second paragraph makes the point that（）.3.All of the following may explain why the Nobel blunders are made EXCEPT that （）. 4.According to Mr. Feldman, which of the following is more acceptable?5.Mr. Feldman would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

1. Love has toppled kings, inspired poets, sparked wars, soothed beasts, and changed the course of history. It is credited for life's greatest joys, blamed for the most crushing sorrows. And of course, it "makes the world go around."2. All of which is no surprise to biologists. They know that love is central to human existence. We are not just programmed for reproduction. The capacity for loving emotions is also written into our biochemistry, essential if children are to grow and to thrive. And love's absence can be devastating. The loss of a spouse often hastens death in older people.3. Love began with motherhood. For mammalian young to survive, mothers must invest considerable time and energy in them. Of course, the varying growth rates of mammalian species require some mothers to invest more time and energy than others. An elephant seal suckles her pup for only a few weeks before abandoning it; other species, including elephants, some primates, and especially people, lavish attention on their young for years.4. With the help of oxytocin (a chemical that fosters the bond between mothers and children), doting mothers are able to cater to their offspring's every whim and whimper. When females of most mammalian species give birth, their bodies are flooded with oxytocin, known since 1906 as a hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and allow the breasts to "let down" milk. But oxytocin also acts as a neurotransmitter, or chemical messenger, that can guide behavior. Without it, a ewe cannot recognize her own lamb. A virgin female rat given a shot of oxytocin will nuzzle another female's pups, crouching over them protectively as if they were her own.5. Studies of a small rodent known as the prairie vole, a cuddly ball of fur, whose mating bond of lifelong monogamy would put most human couples to shame, indicate oxytocin may also play a role in the heady feelings associated with romance. "You just can't imagine how much time these animals spend together. Prairie voles always want to be with somebody," says Carter. The voles' undying devotion is the work not only of oxytocin but also of a related hormone, vasopressin. When single male and female prairie voles meet; they commence a two-day-long bout of sex that releases oxytocin in the female's brain, bonding her to the male, who prefers his mate's company above all others, guarding his family against intruders with a jealous husband's zeal.6. Like some human playboys, male prairie voles seem to get a kick out of courtship mixed with danger. Carter and colleague Courtney De Vries made young, unmated voles swim for three minutes before allowing them to meet a prospective mate. The exercise elevated the animals' stress hormones, which are also heightened by fear. But while females scurried off after the swim without bonding to the males as they normally would, male voles bonded faster than ever.7. Human beings — unlike rodents — are not entirely slaves to their hormones. But the behavior of voles may hold clues to why men and women sometimes hold divergent views of sex and romance. While many women prefer candlelight and sweet talk, men are more apt to welcome a roll in the hay anytime, anywhere. For some men (and some women), sex is especially enticing when forbidden. Carter and De Vries suspect stress hormones can interfere with oxytocin's action in the brain, keeping a female vole from bonding, and perhaps preventing most women from finding danger sexually exciting. Vasopressin, in contrast, appears to work better in the presence of certain stress hormones, possibly making danger an aphrodisiac for many males.8. Passionate or platonic, love affects the whole body, setting the heart pounding, making the stomach do flip-flops, and of course, lighting the lions on fire. These visceral sensations are the work of the vagus nerve, which traces a meandering path through the body, coordinating the activities of internal organs, says the University of Maryland's Stephen Porges. The vagus ferries signals between our innards and our brains, conveying information upward about our internal state and sending orders down from the brain to the heart, the stomach, the lungs, and the sex organs.9. Without the vagus, says Porges, love would be impossible. One part of the nerve is evolutionarily ancient, controlling primitive functions such as sex, hunger, and fear. This "old" vagus responds to oxytocin and serves as the pathway between sexual organs and the brain for feelings of both arousal and satiation after sex. But Porges argues that in mammals, newer branches of the vagus also connect emotional brain centers with the heart, the face, and the vocal equipment, helping to coordinate feelings with facial and verbal expression.10. In other words, the poets and bards were fight about one thing. The heart speaks the language of love. As English poet W. H. Auden wrote: "Where love is strengthened, hope restored, in hearts by chemical accord. It may not literally skip a beat at the sight of one's desire or break with sorrow, but the heart's rhythms are exquisitely tuned to love."1.Which of the following can be inferred from passage about elephant seals?2.The different love rituals employed by men and women could be attributed to the presence of which of the following?3.Which of the following could be the best analogy to the vagus nerve described in Paragraph 8?4.Animals equipped only with "old" vagus can NOT do which of the following?5.The purpose of the last paragraph is to （）.

1. Flattery, Richard Stengel writes by way of defining his terms, “is strategic praise, praise with a purpose. It may be inflated or exaggerated or it may be accurate and truthful, but it is praise that seeks some result, whether it be increased liking or an office with a window....Flattery is also a kind of bribe, an emotional gratuity that we accept and which very often repays the giver with something he wants. It is a bribe we want to pocket....Flattery at its core is language that advances self-interest while concealing it at the same time.”2. All of which is perfectly true, but it needs to be qualified (as in time Stengel does) in one important way: Flattery is almost always recognizable for exactly what it is. If it is true, as probably it is, that most of us are susceptible to flattery and willing to employ it in our own interests, it is equally true that flattery is infrequently subtle and often blatant. In my line of work, for example, when I see in a publisher’s catalogue that a writer with whom I am acquainted has a new book forthcoming, I can predict almost to the day the letter or call from said author in which, in one fashion or another, my own perspicacity and stylistic elegance will be praised fulsomely, accompanied, perhaps, by an invitation to lunch. Similarly, a letter or e-mail from someone wholly unknown to me will begin with praise for my latest book review or column, followed, apace, with the news that the writer of the letter ― or a relative, or a friend, or a colleague ― is about to come forth with ... a book.3. It is the way of the world. Though in my case flattery infrequently produces the desired results ——quite to the contrary, if the truth be known ——I cannot claim that the silken words whispered in my ear go unheeded. Stengel quotes Lord Chesterfield: “This principle of vanity and pride is so strong in human nature, that is descends even to the lowest objects; and one often sees people angling for praise.” Though we would prefer praise that is offered without ulterior motives, that is heartfelt and generous, we readily settle for mere flattery; we may not deliver the quid pro quo so transparently sought beneath the oleaginous words — we may even hold the flatterer in contempt— yet we are not impervious to the stroking he or she administers; indeed we may luxuriate in it even as we pretend to ridicule it.4. “To describe someone as a social climber or a self-promoter is generally not considered a compliment. Those two labels seem like particularly modern putdowns (and in the culture of celebrity they have become full-time occupations). But I would make the case that they are simply neutral terms for fundamental human behavior, In fact, I’d contend that based on the principles of evolutionary biology, social-climbing and self-promotion. They are in our genes.”5. Flattery, he quite correctly says, “is a form of cooperation, and cooperation is the successful evolutionary principle of reciprocal altruism.” As Sam Rayburn used to say, during his long and productive tenure as speaker of the House of Representatives, “If you want to get along, go along.” To be sure flattery is routinely carried to obscene lengths in this city , which as Stengel correctly points out “is in some ways closer to the courts of Renaissance Europe than it is to our modern era,” yet it is the grease that oils the wheels of politics and often enables the government and its satellites to accomplish worthwhile things. The spectacle that members of the Senate present when they fawn over each other as “honorable” and “distinguished” is hardly a pretty one, yet it is not without purpose.6. In American life, flattering influential individuals is an essential part of the machinery of society and business. In a perceptive chapter called How Dale Carnegie Won Friends and Influenced People, Stengel shows how “the simplest devices of paying attention, offering appreciation and the giving of small flatteries” have become so engrained that it is hard to imagine functioning without them. The rules of flattery — or its handmaiden, ingratiation — are clear: “avoid complimenting the target...in a way that makes it clear you want a reward; make sure the compliment is plausible; praise an attribute about which the target is uncertain; and don’t leave the impression that you are a promiscuous praise.” Do all of that and you too can succeed in business — or anything else — without really trying?7. All of which should, make clear — especially to you, gentle and quick-witted reader — that Stengel has written not merely a popular history of flattery but also a guide to its employment. He does the latter with tongue slightly in cheek — at times to the point that his prose becomes excessively chatty and breezy — yet the truth is that his counsel, and that of the many others whom he quotes, probably can be used to good purpose. If you must flatter - and there are times when flattery is clearly the wisest course — then by all means do it well.1.when flattery is clearly the wisest course — then by all means do it well.2.According to Richard Stengel, all of the following are true of flattery EXCEPT （）.3.In the second paragraph, the writer makes the point that （）. 4.The main idea of the third paragraph is that （）. 5.What can be inferred about the courts of Renaissance Europe (Para. 5)? The writer's attitude toward Richard Stengel's views regarding flattery can best be described as（）.

1. A new study uses an unusual source— proverbs — reveal cultural differences in how Chinese and American citizens view risks and risk-taking.2. When Chinese and American students compared proverbs from their countries they agreed: Chinese proverbs generally advocated greater risk-taking than did American proverbs.3. These results help explain earlier research that has found Chinese citizens are indeed more willing to take financial risks than are Americans, said Elke Weber, coauthor of the study and a professor of psychology at Ohio State University.4. “Proverbs are part of a nation’s culture and reflect the nation’s beliefs and values,” said Weber. “Bylooking at proverbs, we were able to show that long-standing cultural differences are one reason that the Chinese are more risk-seeking than Americans when it comes to financial issues,” Weber said.5. Weber conducted the study with Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago and Joanna Sokolowska of the Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Poland. The results were published in a recent issue of the journal Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.6. Students from the two countries rated American proverbs such as “A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush,” and Chinese proverbs such as “Failure is the mother of success.”7. The study also found some differences in how students from the two countries viewed proverbs. For example, Chinese citizens generally viewed proverbs as advocating more risk in financial situations than in social situations. There was no such distinction made by American participants.8. Weber said the collectivist culture of China ― a culture that emphasizes commitment to family — allows people to take greater financial risks because citizens know their network of friends and family will help them in a crisis. However, because of the importance of their social network, Chinese are less willing to take social risks in which they might alienate friends or family.9. In America’s individualistic culture, people have to be more careful financially because they don’t have the “cushion” of a social network to fall back on, Weber said. On the other hand, Americans don’t have to worry as much about their social network. “The proverbs of each country reflect these differing cultural values and concerns,” Weber said.10. In one study, 82 American and 87 Chinese college students were asked to rate 34 proverbs — 17 from each country — that had some advice about dealing with risk. The proverbs were translated into the participants’ native languages and participants were not told which country the proverbs were from.11. The participants were then asked if each proverb promoted risk aversion or risk seeking in two different situations, one financial and one social. They rated the proverbs on a five-point scale in which 1 was risk-averse, 3 was neutral and 5 was risk seeking.12. The participants from each country rated Chinese proverbs as more risk seeking in general than the American proverbs, Weber said. For example, in one group of proverbs, American students gave the American proverbs an average score of 2.83, and the Chinese proverbs an average score of 3.07.13. However, Weber said the evidence was clear that Chinese people believe proverbs advocate more risk seeking in financial situations than they do in social situations.14. In addition, Chinese proverbs seem to deal more with the problems of social risk-taking than do American proverbs, reflecting the countries’ differing values. For example, American students said 95 percent of American proverbs were applicable to financial decisions, but only 63 percent were applicable to social decisions. But Americans thought 78 percent of Chinese proverbs were applicable to financial decisions and 73 percent were applicable to social decisions.15. “The Chinese are much more interested than Americans in protecting their social networks.” Weber said. “These findings are consistent with the notion that China is, and has long been, a collectivist society and America an individualistic one.”16. A second study, which also included German proverbs, found that people rated German proverbs in between those from America and China — but closer to Chinese — in terms of risk seeking and risk aversion. That makes sense, Weber said, because German culture is quite collectivist in a social sense, much like China’s, even though the country has an economic system that is more like America’s.17. Weber said this research is important for several reasons. For one, it shows how researchers can use cultural products — such as proverbs, novels, or nursery rhymes — to help explain cross-cultural differences in beliefs and behavior. These results also have a practical use in helping people involved in international negotiations to better understand cultural differences. “When you are dealing with someone from another country, it is important to know if there are differences in perceptions or values that can affect negotiations. In this case, if you know the other person has different risk perceptions or risk preferences than you, it is possible to develop an agreement that leaves both sides better off.”1.The study used proverbs because （）.2.Which of the following is TRUE of the proverbs "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush" and "Failure is the mother of success"?3.The Chinese advocate more risk-taking in financial situations because （）. 4.Which of the following is true of a society that emphasizes individual values?5.Which of the following statements can be concluded from the passage?I. A person who enjoys good social relations tends to risk himself financially.II . A person who enjoys good social relations tends to be concerned about the problem therein.III. A person who doesn't care about social network tends to take more social risks.

What impact can mobile phones have on their users’ health? Many people are worried about the supposed ill effects caused by（1）from handsets and base stations, despite the lack of （2） evidence of any harm. But evidence for the （3） effects of mobile phones on health is rather more abundant. Indeed, a systematic review （4） by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, London, rounds up 150 examples of the use of text-messaging in the （5） of health care. These uses （6） three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by （7） text-messaging into treatment regimes. The study, （8） by Vodafone, the world's largest mobile operator, was published this week.Using texting to （9） efficiency is not rocket science, but big savings can be achieved. Several （10） carried out in England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders （11） the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 26-39%, for example, and the number of missed hospital appointments （12） 33-50%. If such schemes were rolled out nationally, this would （13） annual savings of about 256m-364m.Text messages are also being used to （14） patients about blood tests, clinics, scans and dental appointments. Similar schemes in America, Norway and Sweden have had （15） satisfying results ― though the use of text-message reminders in the Netherlands, where non-attendance rates are low, at 4%, had no effect other than to annoy patients.Text messages can also be a good way to disseminate public-health information, （16） to groups who are hard to reach by other means, such as teenagers, or in developing countries where other means of communication are （17） . Text messages have been used in India to inform people about the World Health Organization's strategy to control tuberculosis, for example, and in Kenya, Nigeria and Mall to provide information about HIV and malaria. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a campaign to vaccinate nearly 5m children against polio.Finally, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending reminders to patients to take their medicine at the fight time, or to encourage （18） with exercise regimes or efforts to stop smoking. The evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally anecdotal, however, notes Dr. Rifat. More quantitative research is needed — which is （19） his team also published three papers this week associated with the use of mobile phones in health care in more detail. One of these papers, written （20）Victoria Franklin and Stephen Greene of the University of Dundee, in Scotland, reports the results of a trial in which diabetic teenagers’ treatment was carried out with text messaging.

He watched amazed at eight squirrels that walked（）down the bank, and made for a large pine tree at the bottom.

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