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This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2011 if the （）is not taken seriously.

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The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons （）slowly into the sky.

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There has been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains （）through suicide.

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It is through learning that the individual （）many habitual ways of reacting to situations.

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The USA has 10 percent of the total petroleum（）of the world in its own territory , and has been a major producer for decades.

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Many people think of deserts as（）regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.

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This is the world’s first accurate （）model of human heart in computer.

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In this part, you are allowed to write an essay of 200 words about Ambition in three paragraphs.In the first part, state specifically what your view is.In the second part, support your view with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

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Translate the following sentences into ChineseIn the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and table tennis, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.Noontime came and went; Nixon, who rarely had lunch, and Kissinger, who rarely missed it, skipped the meal and went right on talking for almost four hours.See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.Mathematicians who have tried to use computers to copy the way the brain works have found that using even the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.We maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take into account the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country.His eight-minute valedictory was everything that Gore wasn't during his eighteen-month campaign: graceful, authentic, inspiring.For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth's sake, and that is “as far as do no harm''.Don't be above asking about things you don't understand.

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Professor Kumar Bhatt, founder and head of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMC), and Rob Meakin a personnel director at Marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate. The New Knowledge Partnership will include a team of 40 Marconi managers in what Professor Bhatt calls electronic engineering management or E2. A wide range of engineering and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programs, professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing the business environment to a huge extent. Many chief executives do not understand the power of the new technologies and in some cases, are actually resisting change. He says that “as long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals. Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.”Already Britain makes more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) and management information technology system than other European countries, and has a government that actively promotes e-business. But, observes Professor Bhatt, Britain has never used technology as a growth driver. “The thing about electronic engineering management is that you can keep your legacy systems; you just need to link those systems with an information engine. At the touch of a button it will allow project managers to see the status of a project, identify problems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on information that will be much more complete than in the past.”The E2 program is the result of an alliance by the Warwick Manufacturing Group with America’s leading e-commerce study center, Carnegie Mellon. The latter will be responsible for training many of the Marconi managers in America, where the group has half its business. In Britain. Professor Bhatt has linked up with Sun Microsystems, Oracle and Parametric Technology, to set up a multi-million pound E2 design and manufacturing center at the university which will be used for training and research.Professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing business to such an extent that WMG is likely to be renamed Warwick Electronic Manufacturing Group. But, he warns: “The move to globalize because of e-commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.”1.What is the purpose of E2 course?2.Why does Bhatt say that "e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain"?3.According to the passage, what do you know about e-business in Britain?4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?5.According to that last passage, what is Bhatt’s attitude towards e-commerce?

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Most people do not know that Juliette Gordon Low, the founder of the Girl Scouts of America, was deaf. She began to lose her hearing when she was 17, and became almost totally deaf in her adulthood.Juliette married William Mackay Low and they went to England to live. Juliette became interested in the Girl Guides Association there. She observed their meetings and was very impressed because the girls acquired many useful skills. They learned how to cook, knit, tie knots and give first aid. They also learned about the history of the flag. Moreover, they developed important social skills as they learned how to work together. Juliette thought that girls everywhere should have this opportunity, so she decided to organize more troops.Juliette organized several Girl Guides troops in both England and Scotland. Since she could not do all the work herself, she had to ask other women to help her. Sometimes the women were reluctant to give their time due to family responsibilities. However, Juliette was a very determined woman. When the women refused, she would pretend that she didn't understand what they said. As a result, the women helped her in spite of being busy.Juliette always persevered until she motivated others to help her with her goals. One encounter that required her persistence happened while she was in Scotland. She was walking along a road one day when she came to a stream. The only way across the stream was by a foot log, and Juliette was afraid to cross it alone. She was wondering what to do when she saw a peddler coming down the road. She told the peddler to go across the bridge first, and she would follow with her hand on his shoulder. Although the peddler started to protest, her stubborn insistence again paid off. He reluctantly led her across the foot bridge. Once they were safely on the other side, the peddler explained to her that he was blind!When Juliette came back to America for a visit, she started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six months later, there were six Girl Guide troops in Savannah. At that time, the girls each made their own uniforms.In 1913, the Girl Guides changed its name to the Girl Scouts. Juliette Low came back to Savannah that same year. She decided that there should be Girl Scout troops all over the United States, so she worked toward that goal. The first national Girl Scout convention was held in Washington D.C, on June 10, 1915.Juliette died in Savannah on January 17, 1927. Thanks to her, there are now Girl Scouts all over the world. Juliette's home in Savannah is a national Girl Scout center."Sometimes the women were reluctant to give their time due to family responsibilities.” This sentence means （）.1.The main idea of this passage can best be stated as （）. 2.“...Juliette started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six months later, there were six Girl Guide troops in 3.Savannah.” From this statement we can assume that （）. 4.Juliette did things in this order: （）. 5.After reading the passage, we can assume that （）.

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As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an even earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on（扰乱）European’s private lives.Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage — twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful and strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an ideal woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufrnann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don’t last long if they start at all. Eppendorf a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because （）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are （）. 4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that （）. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

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All animals, especially the small kind, appear to feel anxiety. Humans have felt it since the days they shared the planet with saber-toothed tigers. But we live in a particularly anxious age. The initial shock of Sept. 11 has worn off, and the fear has lifted, but millions of Americans continue to share a kind of generalized mass anxiety. A recent TIME/CNN poll found that eight months after the event, nearly two-thirds of Americans think about the terror attacks at least several times a week. And it doesn’t take much for all the old fears to come rushing back. What was surprising about the recent drumbeat of terror warnings was how quickly it triggered the anxiety so many of us thought we had put behind us.This is one of the mysteries of anxiety. While it is a normal response to physical danger — and can be a useful tool for focusing the mind when there’s a deadline looming ― anxiety becomes a problem when it persists too long beyond the immediate threat. Sometimes there’s an obvious cause, as with the shell-shocked soldiers of World War I or the terror-scarred civilians of the World Trade Center collapse. Other times, we don’t know why we can’t stop worrying.Anxiety disorder —which is what health experts call any anxiety that persists to the point that it interferes with one’s life —is the most common mental illness in the U.S. In its various forms, ranging from very specific phobias to generalized anxiety disorder, it afflicts 19 million Americans (see “Are You Too Anxious?”).In recent years, however, researchers have made significant progress in nailing down the underlying science of anxiety. In just the past decade, they have come to appreciate that whatever the factors that trigger anxiety, it grows out of a response that is hardwired in our brains. They have learned, among other things:—There is a genetic component to anxiety; some people seem to be born worriers.—Brain scans can reveal differences in the way patients who suffer from anxiety disorders respond to danger signals.— Due to a shortcut in our brain’s information-processing system, we can respond to threats before we become aware of them.—The root of an anxiety disorder may not be the threat that triggers it but a breakdown in the mechanism that keeps the anxiety response from careering out of control.Before we delve into the latest research, let’s define a few terms. Though we all have our own intuitive sense of what the words stress and fear mean, scientists use these words in very specific ways. For them, stress is an external stimulus that signals danger, often by causing pain. Fear is the short-term response such stresses produce in men, women or lab rats. Anxiety has a lot of the same symptoms as fear, but it’s a feeling that lingers long after the stress has lifted and the threat has passed. In general, science has a hard time pinning down emotions because they are by nature so slippery and subjective. Even most people are as clueless about why they have certain feelings as they are about how their lungs work. But fear is the once aspect of anxiety that’s easy to recognize. Rats freeze in place. Humans break out in a cold sweat. Heartbeats race, and blood pressure rises. That gives scientists something they can control and measure.Indeed, a lot of what researchers have learned about the biology of anxiety comes from scaring rats and then cutting them open. The researchers destroy small portions of the rats’ brains to see what effect that has on their reactions (an experiment that would be impossible to conduct in humans). By painstakingly matching the damaged areas with changes in behavior, scientists have, bit by bit, created a road map of fear as it travels through the rat’s brain.The journey begins when a rat (we’ll get to humans later) feels the stress, in this case an electric shock. The rat’s senses immediately send a message to the central portion of its brain, where the stimulus activates two neural pathways. One of these pathways is a relatively long, circuitous route (迂回路径)through the cortex (脑皮层)where the brain does its most elaborate and accurate processing of information. The other route is a kind of emergency shortcut that quickly reaches an almond-shaped cluster of cells called the amygdala (扁桃体).What’s special about the amygdala is that it can quickly activate just about every system in the body to fight like the devil or run like crazy. It’s not designed to be accurate, just fast. If you have ever gone hiking and been startled by a snake that turned out to be a stick, you can thank your amygdala.But while the amygdala is busy telling the body what to do, it also fires up a nearby curved cluster of neurons called the hippocampus(大脑侧面室脑壁上的隆起物).(A 16th century anatomist named it after the Greek word for seahorse.) The job of the hippocampus is to help the brain learn and form new memories. And not just any memories. The hippocampus allows a rat to remember where it was when it got shocked and what was going on around it at the time. Such contextual learning helps the poor rodent avoid dangerous places in the future. It probably also helps it recognize what situations are likely to be relatively safe. This makes sense, in terms of survival. After all, it’s better to panic unnecessarily than to be too relaxed in the face of life-threatening danger.Discovering this basic neural circuitry turned out to be a key breakthrough in understanding anxiety. It showed that the anxiety response isn’t necessarily caused by an external threat; rather, it may be traced to a breakdown in the mechanism that signals the brain to stop responding. Just as a car can go out of control due to either a stuck accelerator or failed brakes, it’s not always clear which part of the brain is at fault. It may turn out that some anxiety disorders are caused by an overactive amygdala (the accelerator) while others are caused by an underactive prefrontal cortex (call it the brake).Of course, what you would really like to know is whether any of the work done in rats applies to humans. Clearly researchers can’t go around performing brain surgery on the amygdalas of living patients to see if it affects their anxiety levels. But the fascinating case of a woman known only by her research number, SM046, suggests that when it comes to fear, rodents and hominids really aren’t so different.Owing to an unusual brain disorder, SM046 has a defective amygdala. As a result, her behavior is abnormal in a very particular way. When scientists at the University of Iowa show SM046 pictures of a series of faces, she has no trouble picking out those that are happy, sad or angry. But if the face is displaying fear, she cannot recognize the feeling. She identifies it as a face expressing, some intense emotion, but that is all. Her unusual condition strongly suggests that even in Homo sapiens, fear takes hold in the amygdala.Eventually, researchers would like to learn what role our genes, as opposed to our environment, play in the development of anxiety. “It has been known for some time that these disorders run in families.” says Kenneth Kendler, a psychiatric geneticist at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Va. “So the next logical question is the nature-nurture issue.” In other words, are anxious people born that way, or do they become anxious as a result of their life experiences?Kendler and his colleagues approached the question by studying groups of identical twins, who share virtually all their genes, and fraternal twins, who, like any other siblings, share only some of them. What Kendler’s group found was that both identical twins were somewhat more likely than both fraternal twins to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder, phobias or panic attacks. (The researchers have not yet studied twins with post-traumatic stress disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.)The correlation isn’t 100%, however. “Most of the heritability is in the range of 30% to 40%,” Kendler says. That’s a fairly moderate genetic impact, he notes, “Your genes set your general vulnerability,” he concludes. “You can be a low-vulnerable, intermediate-vulnerable or a high-vulnerable person.” But your upbringing and your experiences still have a major role to play. Someone with a low genetic vulnerability, for example, could easily develop a fear of flying after surviving a horrific plane crash.There are no guidebooks to tell you when it’s safe to venture out again. In many ways, the whole country was made part of an unwitting experiment in mass anxiety. Our brains are even now in the process of rewiring themselves. How successfully we navigate this delicate transition will depend a lot on our genes, our environment and any future attacks.1.Anxiety can be a useful tool for focusing the mind when （）.2.Now in the United States, about 19 million people are suffering from （）. 3.Which of the following statement about fear is NOT true?4.Generally, scientists find it hard to study emotions because （）. 5.As fear travels through the rat's brain, scientists have, bit by bit, created a road map of fear by（）.

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Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone about HK$3,000,000’s worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. This amounts to something like HK$150 million a year, and represents about 4 per cent of the shops’ total stock. As a result of this "shrinkage" as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just can't help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two-way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in ship-lifting of-fences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999,999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years' time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body-search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!1.Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?2.The third group of people steal things because they （）.3.According to the passage, law-abiding citizens （）. 4.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?5.The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that（）.

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How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertiser show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the "untidy" look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don't look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to （）. 3.Causes of fashion are （）. 4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes （）. 5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?

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About 50 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stroke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stroke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stroke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years, the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stroke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stroke Mandeville and not in Los Angles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sports. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.1.The first games for the disabled were held （）after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.2.Besides Stroke Mandeville, surely the game for the disabled was once held in （）. 3.In Paragraph 2 the word "athlete" means （）. 4.Which of the following statement is NOT true?5.From the passage we may conclude that writer is（）.

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Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of Royalty. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private helicopters or executive airplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and bodyguards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars are news. If they enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public. They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them. They are no longer private individuals, but public property. The financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great days of Hollywood have become legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on an unprecedented scale. By today’s standards, the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did. The competition for the title “Top of the Pops” is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal.It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Don't the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency — often more than large industrial companies— and the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer. So who would begrudge them their rewards?It’s all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of others. People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. That's the essence of private enterprise.1.What is the author’s attitude toward top stars’ high income?2.According to the first paragraph Royalty once （）.3.According to the author it could be inferred that （）. 4.In the last paragraph the author reminds people （）. 5.The best title for the passage could be（）.

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Too much time has（）since they started talking on the issue.

Leonardo just discovered that his passport had （）three months ago.

The local government is intensifying efforts to popularize （）education in rural localities.

This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2011 if the （）is not taken seriously.

The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons （）slowly into the sky.

There has been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains （）through suicide.

It is through learning that the individual （）many habitual ways of reacting to situations.

The USA has 10 percent of the total petroleum（）of the world in its own territory , and has been a major producer for decades.

Many people think of deserts as（）regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.

This is the world’s first accurate （）model of human heart in computer.