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Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report: "Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research —a classic case of paralysis by analysis.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.1.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that(  ).2.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as (  ).  3.What does the author mean by "paralysis by analysis" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) ?4.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?5.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because(  ).

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I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room-a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "she's the talker in our family. The room burst into laughter the man looked puzzled and hurt, "it's true" he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence.”This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed— but only a few of the me— gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking and social arrangements. Instead, they focused on communication. “He doesn't listen to me”: “He doesn't talk to me.” I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at: the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.1.What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?2. Judging from the context, the phrase "wreaking havoc" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means(  ).3.All of the following are true EXCEPT (  ).  4.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?5.In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on(  ).

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Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat regulating moods while the brain is off-line" And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, "it's your dream" says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. " If you don't like it, change it.Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric NofZinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet, "We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day" says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream, visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of "we wake up in a panic”. Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings, sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.1.Researchers have come to believe that dreams (  ).   2.By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show(  ). 3.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to (  ).   4.Cartwright seems to suggest that (  ).   5.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?

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