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Nowadays, a cell-phone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so I’m going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.The technology has been working well for me at the office, but there are infinite applications, virtually in any public space.Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person can’t walk into those talky people without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost.So, a cell-phone. Any cell-phone. Just pick it up. Don’t dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business: “Yes, I’m glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. What’s that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there.”Be animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them at a later time, point to your Phone, shrug and move on.Shoppers should consider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching(用手捏)unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, you’d be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague, and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so I continued fake foning with my doctor. So I don’t need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news.”And then: Brrrrrrng! Brrrrrmg! Brrrrrmg! My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. “What is the matter with this thing?” I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my car. “Hello? Are you still there?” Oops1.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?2.What is fake foning?3.In the author’s opinion, in order to make fake foning look real one has to.4.What does the last example show?5.After his phone suddenly began ringing, the author.

Directions: Read the following English proverbs, select the one about which you would most like to say something, either in agreement or disagreement with it, and develop your idea into an essay of about 300 words. Remember to give your essay an appropriate title.Praise makes good men better, and bad men worse.Poverty is no sin.From saving comes having.

Put the following two passages into English. Passage 1南京拥有两千四百多年建城史，是全国首批公布的历史文化名城之一。全市有国家级文物保护单位27处，其中，明孝陵已被列为世界文化遗产。600多年前建成的明城墙，现存25.091公里，是目前世界上保存最长的古城墙。南京现有12个项目被列入国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录，南京云锦、金陵刻经被列入世界非物质文化遗产名录。Passage 2农历八月十五是我国传统的中秋节。八月十五恰在秋季的中间，故谓之中秋节。中秋之夜，月色皎洁，古人把圆月视为团圆的象征。相传我国古代帝王就有春天祭日、秋天祭月的礼制，在民间，每逢八月中秋，也有拜月或祭月的风俗。月饼最初是用来祭奉月神的祭品，后来人们逐渐把中秋赏月与品尝月饼，作为家人团圆的象征。月饼的制作从唐代以后越来越考究，精美的饼面图案不但烘托了中秋佳节的祥和气氛，而且也增加了节日的诗情画意。

Put the following two passages into Chinese. Passage 1While absorbing the outstanding achievements of foreign cultures, we cannot be satisfied with simple imitation. Indulgence in simple imitation would deprive us of creativity so that we will not be able to achieve a new artistic sophistication or present our own excellent works to the world. Simple imitation cannot be equated to new conception at all. The latter is a combination of modern and traditional style, a combination of foreign nations’ and our own nation’s characteristics, and a combination of artistic and educational quality.Passage 2Peace and development are the two main themes of the world today. Maintaining global peace, enhancing friendship and cooperation, and promoting common development are the common aspirations of all peoples. At present, worldwide stability and development are threatened by such serious problems as poverty, unemployment, refugee flows, crimes, population explosion, environmental degradation, drug abuse, and terrorism. Though different in their national conditions, China said western countries share broad common interests on a wide range of major international issues. I am happy to see the improvement and expansion of China’s relations with them. The Chinese Government and people stand ready to make a contribution to the lofty cause of peace and development together with the governments and peoples of all countries, including those of western countries, on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit.

An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A U.S executive tells his stall he’s going to treat them fairly—and creates dissension. A Japanese manage is promote by his British President, but within six months asks for a transfer.Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management.“Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they are finally looking at culture,” says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California based IRI International inc, one of a small but growing number of consulting firms that specialize in teaching business people from different cultures how to communicate and work with each other.“Never show the shoe to an Arad, never arrive on time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don’t think ‘yes’ means ‘yes’, advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social “dos” and “don’ts” is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.For example, the American manager who promised to be fair thought he was telling his Japanese staff that their hard work would be rewarded, but when some workers received higher salary increases than others, there were complaints. “You told us you’d be fair, and you lied to us,” accused one salesman. “It took me a year and a half,” sighed the American, “to realize that ‘fair’, to my staff, meant being treated equally.”The Asian engineer who suffered in America was the victim of another mistaken expectation, “he was accustomed to the warm group environment so typical in Japan,” said his U.S. Manager, “but in our company, we’re all expected to be self-starters, who thrive on working alone. For him, it was emotional starvation. He’s made the adjustment now, but he’d be humiliated if I told you his name, that’s another culture difference.”The Japanese manager who failed to respond to his promotion could not bring himself to use the more direct language needed to communicate with his London-based superiors. “I used to think all this talk about culture communication was a lot of baloney,” says Eugene J. Flath, president of Intel Japan Ltd, a subsidiary of the American semiconductor maker. “Now, I can see it is a real problem. Miscommunication has slowed our ability to coordinate action with our home office.”That’s why Intel, with the help of consultant Clarke, began an intercultural training program this spring which Flath expects will dramatically reduce decision-making time now lost in making sure the American and the Japanese understand each other.1.The best title for the passage would be.2.From the context, the word “baloney” is close in meaning to.3.Why did the Japanese staff complain to the American manager?4.The cultural communication problems are becoming especially urgent for.5.Why did the promoted Japanese manager ask for transfer?

In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposed his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appeal to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but make it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after then we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, We would not have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary, prerequisite to Wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.What is the best title for this passage?2.Recorded history has taught us_. 3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men. 4.“He was none the wiser” means _.5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is____.

The first thing people remember about failing at math is that it felt like sudden death. Whether the incident occurred while learning “word problems” in six grade, or coping with equations in high school, or first confronting calculus and statistics in college, failure came suddenly and in a very frightening way! If assume that the curriculum was reasonable, and that the new idea was but next in a series of learnable concepts, the feeling of utter defeat was simply not rational; yet “math anxious” college students and adults have revealed that no matter how much the teacher reassured them, they could not overcome that feeling.A common myth about the nature of mathematical ability holds that one either has or does not have a mathematical mind. Mathematical imagination and an intuitive grasp of mathematical principles may well be needed to do advanced research, but why should people who can do college-level work in other subjects not be able to do college-level math as well? Rates of learning may vary. Competency under time pressure may differ. Certainly low self-esteem will get in the way. But where is the evidence that a student needs a “mathematical mind” in order to succeed at learning math?Consider the effects of this mythology. Since only a few people are supposed to have this mathematical mind, part of what makes us so passive in the face of our difficulties in learning mathematics is that we suspect all the while we may not be one of “them”, and we spend our time waiting to find out when our non-mathematical minds will be exposed. Since our limit will eventually be reached, we see no point in being methodical of in attending to detail. We are grateful when we survive fractions-word problems or geometry. If that certain moment of failure hasn’t struck yet, it is only temporarily postponed.Parents, especially parents of girls, often expect their children to be non-mathematical. Parents are either poor at math or they failed themselves. In either case, they unwillingly foster the idea that a mathematical mind is something one either has or does not have.1.According to the passage, who are likely to experience math anxiety?2.How would “math anxious” students probably react to their failure at math?3.Which of the following statements is true about “math anxious” students?4.The author believes that_.5.The passage could best be entitled by_.

Mr. Duffy raised his eyes from the paper and gazed out of his window on the cheerless evening landscape. The river lay quiet besides the empty distillery and from time to time a light appeared in some house on Lucan Road. What an end! The whole narrative of her death revolted him and it revolted him to think that he had ever spoken to her of what he held sacred. The cautious words of a reporter won over to conceal the details of a commonplace vulgar death attacked his stomach. Not merely had she degraded herself; she had degraded him. His soul’s companion! He thought of the hobbling wretches whom he had seen carrying cans and bottles to be filled by the barman. Just God, what an end! Evidently she had been unfit to live with, without any strength of purpose, an easy prey to habits, one of the wrecks on which civilization has been reared. But that she could have sunk so low! Was it possible he had deceived himself so utterly about her? He remembered her outburst of that flight and interpreted it in a harsher sense that he had ever done. He had no difficulty now in approving of the course he had taken.As the light failed and his memory began to wander, he thought her hand touched his. The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his nerves. He put on his overcoat and hat quickly and went out. The cold air met him on the threshold; it crept into the sleeves of his coat. When he came to the public house at Chapel Bridge he went in and ordered a hot punch.The proprietor served him obsequiously but did not venture to talk. There were five or six workingmen in the shop discussing the value of a gentleman’s estate in County Kildare. They drank at intervals from their huge pint tumblers, and smoked, spitting often on the floor and sometimes dragging the sawdust over their heavy boots. Mr. Duffy sat on his stool and gazed at them, without seeing or hearing them. After a while, they went out and he called for another punch. He sat a long time over it. The shop was very quiet. The proprietor sprawled on the counter reading the newspaper and yawning. Now and again a team was heard swishing along the lonely road outside.As he sat there, living over his life with her and evoking alternately the two images on which he now conceived her, he realized that she was dead, that she had ceased to exist, that she had become a memory. He began to feel ill at ease. He asked himself what else he could have done. He could not have lived with her openly. He had done what seemed to him best. How was he to blame? Now that she was gone he understood how lonely her life must have been, sitting night after night alone in the room. His life would be lonely too until he, too, died, ceased to exist, became a memory—if anyone remembered him.1.Mr. Duffy’s immediate reaction to the report of the woman’s death was that of.2.It can be inferred from the passage that the reporter wrote about the woman’s death in a manner.3.The word “obsequiously” in the third paragraph probably means.4.We can infer from the last paragraph that Mr. Duffy was in a(n)___mood.5.According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?

Directions: Read the following English proverbs, select the one about which you would might like to say something, either in agreement or disagreement with it, and develop your idea into an essay of about 300 words. Remember to give your essay an appropriate title.That which is evil is soon learnt.The path to glory is always rugged.Before criticizing a man, walk a mile in his shoes.

Put the following two passages into English. Passage 1两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感觉到沮丧和孤独。这不是说已经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间，而是说使用英特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。研究人员对这些结果困惑不解，因为这与他们的预料截然相反。他们预测，与电视相比，从社会角度来说，上网可能更健康一些，因为网络允许使用者选择自己想要的信息和别人交流。Passage 2历史记载人类进入文明社会以来的思想和行为——不管是发生在昨天，还是去年，也不管是发生在一百年前，还是甚至在一千年前。由于人不是孤单地生存的，所以历史必然要涉及社会群体，尤其是国家和民族。正如传记描写一个人的一生，历史记述人类社会的兴起、发展和衰亡。历史已经成为对某个民族的整个文化的记载，因此历史学家需要了解这个民族的衣食住行，了解他们的社会分工、学术流派、宗教迷信和娱乐庆典。

Put the following two passages into Chinese. Passage 1Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorptions in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one’s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one’s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one’s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and if it is forgotten it will probably not be true.Passage 2My favorite quotation is the sentence above, written by Disraeli. It has helped me through many a painful experience. Often we allow ourselves to be upset small things we should despise and forget. Perhaps some man we helped has proved ungrateful ...some woman we believed to be a friend has spoken ill of us...some reward we thought we deserved has been denied us. We feel such earth disappointment so strongly that we can no longer work or sleep. But, isn’t that absurd? Here we are on this earth, with only a few more decades to live, and we lose many irreplaceable hours brooding over grievances that, in a year’s time, will be forgotten by us and by everybody. No, let us devote our life to worthwhile actions and feelings, to great thoughts, real affections and enduring undertakings. For life is too short to be little.

For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call—lamely, enviously—whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person’s “inside” and “outside,” they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the oilier kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive—and so ugly. One of Socrates’ main pedagogical acts was to be ugly — and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was.They may have resisted Socrates’ lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty, we not only split off-with the greatest facility-the “inside”(character, intellect) from the “outside”(looks); but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good.It was principally the influence of Christianity that deprived beauty of the central place it had in classical ideals human excellence. By limiting excellence (virtus in Latin) to moral virtue only, Christianity set beauty adrift—as an alienated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment. And beauty has continued to lose prestige. For close to two centuries it has become a convention to attribute beauty to only one of the two sexes: the sex which, however fair, is always second. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally.A number women, we say in English, but a handsome man. “Handsome” is the masculine equivalent of —and refusal of —a compliment which has accumulated certain demeaning overtones, by being reserved for women only. That one can all a man “beautiful” in French and in Italian suggests that Catholic countries—unlike those countries shaped by the Protestant version of Christianity—still remain some vestiges of the pagan admiration for beauty. But the difference, if one exists, is of degree only. In every modern country that is Christian or post-Christian, women are the beautiful sex-to the detriment of the notion of beauty as well as of women.1.The author meansby “whole persons” in Paragraph 1.2.Why does the author speculate that Socrates’ disciples may have resisted his lessons?3.The author does not think of it as a (n)to call women the beautiful sex.4.How do people react today when they meet some woman who enjoys both beauty and intelligence?5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

Our heritage and our culture have caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving goodbye is the way to summon a Filipino to one’s side, or that in Italy curling the finger in a beckoning motion is a gesture of farewell.Those Private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after W.W. II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that GIFT means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural nearsightedness and the casualness with which we take notice—when we do—of the developed tastes, mannerisms, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the U.S, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guide tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations and multilingual bank clerks and policemen are rare.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives, usually the more affluent——who speak English. Our business, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, dealings are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the world, the dispenser of the needed funds and commodities, the peacemaker, the “top banana” in the global cast. But all that is past. We are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing.1.When the author uses “nearsightedness”, he is talking.2.The passage informs us that?3.We can infer from the passage that. 4.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?5.The author is most probablyby nationality.

Despite wars, famines, and epidemics, Earth’s population is booming ahead to new records with no end in sight.Every day, the world adds enough people to populate a medium-sized city in the US. In one month, the number of new world citizens equals the population of New York City. Every year, there are 90 million more mouths to feed, more than the total population of Germany.Several factors are propelling this rapid growth, including an element that of often overlooked; the huge number of teenagers who are becoming mothers, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa.In four African nations—Niger, Mali, Sierra Leone, and Ivory Coast—1 out of every 5 adolescent females of childbearing age has a baby annually.The US Bureau of the Census says this high rate of motherhood among teens has helped to maintain the high pace of births across most of the African continent. By starting a family early, a typical woman in Somalia, for instance, has seven children during her lifetime. Equally large families are the rule in Zambia, Zaire, Uganda, Mauritania, Mali, Malawi, and Ethiopia.The current record-holder for fertility is strife-torn Rwanda, where a typical mother has at least eight or nine children.While population experts often focus on Africa’s problems, analysts note that teenaged mothers are also far more prevalent in the United States than in France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, or Britain.This issue—“babies having babies”—has recently gained prominence in the US. Teenaged motherhood in the US has fueled an expansion of the State-federal welfare system and brought cries for welfare reform from lawmakers.With its high rate of teen births, the US now ranks alongside Indonesia and parts of South America, and only modestly ahead of Mexico, India, and Pakistan.Overall, the fertility rate among Americans remains relatively low at 2.1 births per woman- about the replacement level. Although the US population is expected to climb steadily, from 260 million today to 323 million by 2020, most of that growth will come from immigration.The Census Bureau estimates that in Haiti, where thousands of citizens are trying to flee to the US because of military oppression and poverty, AIDS will cut the annual growth rate during the next 25 years from 2.1 percent to 1.3 percent.The decline in growth is even sharper in the Central African Republic, where rates will dip from 2.4 percent to 0.7 percent. In Thailand, which already had low birth rates, ADIS will drive population downward to 0.8 percent a year.In the 16 countries that are hit hardest, AIDS will lower populations by 121 million over expected projections by 2020. In Africa, the impact of AIDS is so great that trends toward longer life spans during the past 40 years being reversed. Some nations will suffer declines in average life spans of 0 to 30 years compared with expected life spans without AIDS.In the US, where AIDS is also a substantial problem the impact will be lower because the disease is mostly limited to homosexuals and drug user, says Peter Way, a Census Bureau research. In many African nations, AIDS is prevalent among the heterosexual populations, with sharply boosts infant mortality.A compelling chapter in the research deals with aging. Today the median age in developed countries is 35, and that in developing nations is only 23. By 2020, the corresponding figures will be 42 and 28.Today there are fewer adults over 60 (525 million) than children under 5 (636 million). As the world population ages, by 2020 the number over 60 will be more than 1 billion, while those under 5 will total 717 million.1.Sub-Saharan African countries___.2.The passage states teenaged births are.3.The population growth rate in the US is.4.From the factual data in the passage, we know that by the year 2020.5.The passage implies that by the year 2020.

During the 1992 presidential campaign a new media star emerged-Virginia Kelley, the mother of candidate Clinton, who died of breast cancer this past January. It was she who created the Clinton lore; throughout the campaign she told how 14-year-old Bill had stood up to his drunken, abusive stepfather one night to protect Virginia and his little brother. She also told with great effective how young Clinton had come back home with stars in his eyes after meeting JFK at Boys Nation in Washington. She knew then, she said, that he would go into public service. She also created her own lore-four husbands, an up-and-down nursing career, and her passion for makeup (she even wore it to bed in case she got a call from the hospital in the middle of the night). She simply won the public over with her candor and lack of pretense.Now these oft-told are told again in Leading With My Heart, by Virginia Kelley with James Morgan...Not surprisingly, the stories feel familiar here, especially since the book arrives just a few months after a batter of obituaries of Mrs. Kelley. But the book has another problem: as is often the case with co-written memoirs, it feels inauthentic. Written in a prosaic, colorless style, this doesn’t sound the way we imagine Mrs. Kelley talked. There are no Southern locutions, and the grammar is impeccable. Where are the spicy stories or the occasional “damn” or “hell”？Coke-bottle glasses: Anyone approaching this celebrity book with an eye for gossip will also be disappointed. What feels fresh, though, is Mrs. Kelley’s descriptions of her shock at meeting Hillary Rodham when Bill brought her home from Yale Law School. The young woman wore Coke-bottle Glasses, no makeup and had perfectly hair-nothing like the Dixie beauty queens that Clinton usually dated. She was also a blunt Yankee, and not adept at Southern blarney. “There was almost a kind of cultural tension between Mother and Hillary.” Said Clinton. “I guess that’s as good a way to put it as any.” Replies his mother. But there was no going back: “I want you to pray for me. Pray that it’s I Hilary. Because I’ll tell you this: for me it’s Hillary or it’s nobody,” he told his unhappy mother. “I couldn’t stand it,” she writes. “Here was this woman I didn’t understand, didn’t feel comfortable with. And she was all he wanted.”There’s a lot that’s moving about Mrs. Kelley’s story, partly because of the way she handles her final illness. “You can’t tell my sons about my condition,” she tells her shocked doctor. She may have had a disaffected mother and a parade of mostly bad marriages. But in the last year of her life, she also had a memory granted to few parents-the thrill of attending her son’s Inauguration and the gala that night. “What a night it had been” she wrote. “—a magical evening.”1.Virginia Kelly might be best characterized as.2.Virginia Kelly believed her son was motivated to go into public service by his .3.The “book arrives just a few months after a battery of obituaries” The underlined words suggest that-Kelley’s death was.4.According to the reviewer, the style of Leading With My Hear is.5.Hillary differed from Clinton’s former dates primarily in.

Read the following quotations, select one about which you have something to say, either in agreement or disagreement with it, and develop your idea into an essay of about 300 words. Remember to give your essay a good title.“To care for wisdom and truth and improvement of the soul is far better than to seek money and honor and reputation.” ——Socrates“Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.” ——Fuller“I have discovered the secret that after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb.” ——Nelson Mandela

Put the following two passages into English. 1.自新中国成立以来，南京发生的巨大而深刻的变化令人欢欣鼓舞。从1949年4月23日开始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作，把古城南京装扮得面貌一新，特别是近十几年，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工作、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代化城市焕发出勃勃英姿。南京，这座古老而又年轻的历史文化名城，是多么可爱！2.“儿时”的可爱是“无知”。那时候，件件都是“知”，你每天可以做大科学家和大哲学家，每天在发现什么新的现象，新的真理。现在呢？什么都已经知道了，熟悉了，每个人的脸都已经看厌了。宇宙和社会是那么陈旧，无味，虽然它们其实比“儿时”新鲜得多了。我于是想念“儿时”，祷告“儿时”不能够前进的时候，就愿意退后几步，替自己恢复已经走过的前途。请求“无知”回来，给我求知的快乐。

Put the following two passages into Chinese. 1.Eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation. It is the function of education, the function of all of the great institutions of learning in the United States, to provide continuity for our national life— to transmit to youth the best of our culture that has been tested in the fire of history. It is equally the obligation of education to train the minds and the talents of our youth; to improve, through creative citizenship, our American institutions in accord with the requirements of the future. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.2.Fame is very much like an animal chasing its tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and celebrity that accompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic, isn’t it? Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of possessing a single talent or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that is marketed aggressively and gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usually convinces the performer to continue performing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and to enjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way year after year, or the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes or portraits, or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. The demand of the public holds the artist to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to change his or her style of writing or dancing or singing, etc., the audience may turn away and look to confer fame on another and then, in time, on another, and so on.

I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one’s own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocer’s shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up (anonymously) at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing, the more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to knit at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red faced figure, instantly obtains it from them. The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.Most of the village shopkeepers I know, at any rate, are decidedly individualist in their ways. For example, our shoemaker is a formidable figure: a thick set, irritable man whom children treat with marked respect, knowing that an ill judged word can provoke an angry eruption at any time. He stares with smouldering contempt at the pairs of cheap, mass produced shoes taken to him for repair: has it come to this, he seems to be saying, that he, a craftsman, should have to waste his skills upon such trash? But we all know he will in fact do excellent work upon them. And he makes beautiful shoes for those who can afford such luxury.1.The writer considered the old country guide interesting because he found in it_.2.The local grocer’s shop is expanding even though.3.The writer implies that one disadvantage of town shops is that.4.The writer appreciates the village shop because.5.What is the village shoemakers reaction to mass produced shoes?

Television is one of today’s most powerful and widespread means of mass communication. It directly influences our lives on both a short and long term basis; it brings worldwide situations into our homes; it affords extensive opportunities for acquiring higher education; and it performs these tasks in a convenient yet effective manner. We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting.Television, however, has also been a vital link in unmanned deep space exploration (such as the Voyager I and II missions) in providing visions from hazardous areas (such as proximity to radioactive materials or environments) in underwater research, in viewing storms moving across a metropolitan area (the camera being placed in a weather protective enclosure near the top of a tower), etc. The earth’s weather satellites also use television cameras for viewing cloud cover and movements from 20.000 miles in space. Infrared filters are used for night views, and several systems include a spinning mirror arrangement to permit wide area views from the camera. Realizing the unlimited applications for today’s television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field.Conventional television broadcasting within the United States centers around free enterprise and public ownership. This requires funding by commercial sponsors, and thus functions in a revenue producing business manner. Television in USSR subjected areas, conversely, is a government owned and maintained arrangement. While such arrangements eliminate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched”, however, have been seen on these government controlled networks. All isn’t as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize).A highly modified form of television called Slow Scan TV is presently being used by many Amateur Radio operators to provide direct visual communications with almost any area of the world. This unique visual mode recently allowed people on the tiny South Pacific country of Pitcairn Island to view, for the first time in their lives, distant areas, and people of the world. The chief radio Amateur and communications officer of Pitcairn, incidentally, is the legendary Tom Christian great, great grandson of Tom Christian of “Mutiny on the Bounty” fame. Radio Amateurs in many lands worked together for several months establishing visual capabilities for Pitcairners. The results have proven spectacular, yet the visual capabilities have only been used for health education or welfare purposes. Commercial TV is still unknown to natives of that tiny country. Numerous other forms of television and visual communication have also been used on semi restricted basis. This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis. The old cliché of a picture being worth a thousand words truly has merit.1 .According to the passage, applications of television are easily accepted in.2.Which of the following statements is true in the eyes of the writer?3.According to the passage television in USSR.4.In the passage, the author tries to tell us purely entertainment programs similar to the classic “Bewitched” .5.The author’s attitude toward television programs is.

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