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The government is trying to do something to （）better understanding between the two countries.

His time at university was the most （）period of her life.

It was clear that the small grocer was（）people he owed money to.

Those people （）a general understanding of the present situation.

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply（）.

Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to （） healthy.

At midnight, he drove through streets（）of traffic.

The role of the party system in American politics has always been （）.

It was（）we had hoped.

In this part you are asked to write an essay entitled The Politics of Sport. You should write at least 200 words.

中国有关管理部门规定，现役运动员在备战北京奥运会期间，不得参加任何形式的社会活动。 “生活质量”这个词不好下定义。它包含很广的范围，例如生活环境、健康、就业、食品、家庭生活、教育、物质财富、休闲和娱乐，等等。亚运会，是一个在来自亚洲各地的运动员中举办的多项目体育赛事，每4年一届。该运动会受亚洲奥林匹克理事会(OCA)根据国际奥委会(IOC)的监督。父母、老师、工作同伴和大众媒体的传播者都能激发我们潜在的兴趣。例如，学校对于做游戏、参加体育活动和文化追求的鼓励的程度和方式很可能对学生休闲态度的形成产生影响。一场球赛由两个各出五人的球队组成，篮球运动既可在室内也可在室外的长方形场地上进行。运动员可以通过运球在场地上移动，或者是边跑边传球，把球投进橘黄色的篮筐得分。

If and when such a league becomes reality in China, it will no doubt be one of the hottest advertising platforms in sports. But advertisers aren’t waiting for all the logistics to get worked out—they want to cash in on China’s hot fans now.Houston has been reaping the benefits of Yao’s marketing pull for several years now, but Milwaukee is just starting to get a taste of what Yi Jianlian has to offer. Chinese companies like Peak have already thrown advertising dollars the Bucks’ way. Now the Bucks are starting to see the cash flow the other direction as American companies begin using them to advertise across the ocean.This week the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel（密尔瓦基新闻卫报）reported that Milwaukee- based Rockwell Automation Inc. has begun advertising courtside（球场边缘区）during Bucks’ games—in Chinese. “We’re doing this solely to target our Chinese customers,” Rockwell spokes¬man John Bemaden told the paper. Rockwell’s ad, which rolls across the scorers’ table during each game for maybe a minute of cumulative exposure, cost Rockwell six figures to place. But with an estimated 150 million potential customers watching each Bucks game in China, the price seems more than worth it.The paper’s report says the Bucks are seeking out more Chinese-language advertisers. As the NBA gains steam in China, finding them should not be difficult.

Harvard University’s under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is （1）its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this （2） what many people had said that Harvard’s curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.“Harvard needs to （3） its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important,” said Kirby.Particularly （4） is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or （5） some exchange programs offered by the university.“ （6） studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China.”It was also recommended that Harvard （7） its required “core curriculum”. The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly （8）topic and emphasized “ways of knowing”.Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of （9） “Harvard College Courses”，emphasizing knowledge over methodology and （10） wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought, through various means, to control these unknown and fearful powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed, some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium”. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings and mimed the desired effect—success in hunt or ballet, the coming rain, the revival of the sun—as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, of other-feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are the imitation of animal movements and sounds.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theatre and ritual?4.The word “considerable” underlined in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ （）".5.According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?

To read a new book, you simply need good light, time and the right frame of mind. But to read a new software package, you need a thousand pounds’ worth of hardware, considerable computer knowledge, plenty of time and, most important of all, endless determination.Generally speaking, all books are very much alike, and the experienced reader has no difficulty coping with an unfamiliar book. But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exactly what it is like when you use a new software package.You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. Learning to use a new piece of software is like trying to ride a trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action. It looks easier than it really is. This is partly because you must first unlearn what you’ve learnt on the last package; no two packages use the control characters on the keyboard in quite the same way. How much easier it would be if there are some standards to which all software writers adhered!Since you can’t rely on your precious experience, the only way to understand your new software package is to rely on the manual. Some software manuals are written with the beginner in mind and have explicit instruction with well-designed exercises that lead you gently on from stage to stage. But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. All require a full set of fingers and thumbs to mark pages while hunting out information. Yes, perhaps the information is in the manual, but where?1.When learning to use a new software package you may probably feel （）.2.The author mentions the trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action, in order to show （）.3.How could a software package become easier to users according to the author?4. What is the most common problem in software manuals according to the passage?5.The word “explicit” underlined in paragraph 4 probably means “ （）”.

Are undergraduate grades important? Everyone knows that high marks earned at different schools or under different instructors can indicate very different levels of achievement. One professor may be a hard grader, while another is very generous or one who takes the whole business as a bit of joke. Some schools have nigh standards, whereas others are groups of intellectual people. And at all universities, there is a constant tendency towards grade inflation （the granting of ever more high marks）. That is fought vigorously at some institutions and allowed to go unchecked for long periods at others.Another point raised against grades is how poorly they predict how much graduates will be earning 15 or 20 years after getting their degrees. As many studies have shown, there is only a very poor correlation between undergraduate’s grades and subsequent wealth. People who get good marks tend to go into the professions, not all of which are highly remunerative（有利的）.The correlation between undergraduate grades and success in business, the most common road to wealth, is virtually nothing. Many mediocre（平庸）students become successful businessman, while some brilliant and capable graduates （creative youngsters, not students with special skills in passing exams） take up relatively low-paying but interesting or satisfying careers. The general population, examining this question through a statistical lens, sees one thing very clearly that good grades don’t translate in any direct way into big bucks, and for better or for worse, the gauge（标尺） of “success” for countless Americans is the acquisition of wealth.The result is a certain modesty about good grades in America among those who get them. A student’s parents may brag about his marks, but seldom will the student himself risk being branded a “grade-grubber” by drawing too much attention to his academic success. High marks are not something to be advertised to the world except on resumes, and anybody who boasts about them is likely to be viewed with contempt, not least by intelligent people.1.Which of the following is true about undergraduate grades?2.According to the passage, what is the relationship between grades and business performance?3.Which of the following best describes the American attitude towards good grades?4.The phrase “grade-grubber”, underlined in paragraph 3 probably means （）.5.What might be the best title for this passage?

In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modem, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness. If the people’s happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.1.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?2.Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?3.A country shows its progress with GNP by （）.4.According to GNH, people are happier if they （）.5. Today, many countries are （）.

Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors arc strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.1.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?2.According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents （）.3.One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors （）.4.It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is （）.5.What is the passage mainly about?

W: Would you mind sending champagne and strawberries to my room at 1 a.m. please?M: I’ll try, ma’am. But on Wednesday the kitchen staff leave at midnight.Q: What is the woman doing?

W: Good to see you. You look fatter and better.M: Thanks. I had a lot of exercise and drank vegetable juice every day.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?

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