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To test the（）of borrowing from one field of study to enrich another, simply investigate the extent to which terms from the one may, without forcing, be utilized by the other.

A war, even if fought for individual liberty and democratic rights, usually requires that these principles be suspended, for they are（）the regimentation and discipline necessary for military efficiency.

Although Johnson’s and Smith’s initial fascination with the fortunes of those jockeying for power in the law firm（）after a few months, the two paid sufficient attention to determine who their lunch partners should be.

Scientists’ pristine reputation as devotees of the disinterested pursuit of truth has been compromised by recent evidence that some scientists have deliberately（）experimental results to further their own careers.

In an age without radio or recordings, an age（）by print, fiction gained its greatest ascendancy.

Although the feeding activities of whales and walruses give the seafloor of the Bering Shelf a devastated appearance, these activities seem to be actually（）to the area, enhancing its productivity.

Prehistoric people made paints by grinding colored materials（）into powder and adding water.

The late-summer waters of the northern shore were（）chilly for the vacationer who adored swimming.

Despite a tendency to be overtly（）, the poetry of the Middle Ages often sparks the imagination and provides lively entertainment, as well as pious sentiments.

In arguing against assertions that environmental catastrophe is imminent, her book does not ridicule all predictions of doom but rather claims that the risks of harm have in many cases been （）.

Although the genetic explanation of why some people are right-handed whereas others are left-handed is plausible, it has been effectively challenged by experiments in which genetically（）mice showed different paw preferences.

New research on technology and public policy focuses on how seemingly（）design features, generally overlooked in most analyses of public works projects or industrial machinery, actually mask social choices of profound significance.

The human intelligence that created industrial civilization now has the assignment of making that civilization（）man’s basic prerequisites.

In scientific studies, supporting evidence is much more satisfying to report than are discredited hypotheses, but, in fact, the（）of errors is more likely to be useful than is the establishment of probable truth.

Even those who disagreed with Carmen’s views rarely faulted her for expressing them, for the positions she took were as（） as they were controversial.

There are some people who will use any kind of argument, no matter how illogical, so long as they can（）an opponent.

Directions: Write an essay of about 250 to 300 words on the topic “Science and Arts: the Integration in the Discipline Researched” according to the idea given below and outlined in Chinese. Write your essay on Answer Sheet II clearly and neatly.科学和艺术是促进人类社会发展的两个翅膀，一个强调严谨、客观、深遂而锲而不舍地探究自然和社会的内在构架和发展路径，一个表现华丽、张扬、丰富多彩而魅力四射地展示着人们独具的感知和想象的梦境。两者各具不同的特点但却互相关联着，在学术研究中，注重科学活动过程的科学性和艺术性的这种相辅相成也会为我们的不同专业研究带来绚丽而又实诚的果实。请你结合自己的学科专业研究实际的例证，谈谈研究活动中科学性和艺术性关系会对自己未来发展的影响作用。1）科学和艺术定义及其相辅相成的关系。2）本专业学术研究中的科学性和艺术性相辅相成的特点。3）用实例说明两者结合会为我的专业发展和研究带来重要的突破和发展。

Read the following short paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. 我确信，在这个世界上有许多令人惊喜的事情，有某种比惊喜深刻得多的东西，某种持久而有意义的东西。那些生活在地球上美和神奇的东西之间的人们，不管他是作为科学家的成人还是非科学家的孩子，永远不会孤单或对生活感到厌倦；无论他们的个人生活有什么问题和忧虑，他们的思想都能找到通往内心的满足和对生活重燃激情的途径。那些凝视地球之美的人能找到它们终身受用的力量储备。他们看到在鸟类的迁徙中，在潮水的涨落之中，既有着具体的惊奇，更有着深遂的美。在大自然的反反复复循坏中，有一种具备无限治愈力的东西，黑暗过去是黎明，冬天过后是春天这一永恒的保障。

Beginning in the late 1960s, a growing number of women expressed a strong dissatisfaction with any marriage arrangement where the husband and his career were the primary considerations in the marriage. (1) By the end of the 1970s, for example, considerably less than half of the women in our society still believed that they should put their husbands and children ahead of their own careers. In the 2000s, most women in the United States believe that they should be equal partners in their marriages and that their husbands should have equal responsibility for child care and household chores.(2) In an equal-partnership marriage, the wife pursues a full-time job or career which has equal or greater importance to her husband’s, while the long-standing division of labor between husband and wife comes to an end. The husband is no longer the main provider of family income, and the wife no longer has the main responsibilities for household duties and raising children. Husband and wife share all these duties equally. Power over family decisions is also shared equally.(3) The reality of life in the present world is that although most American women now have an equal say in the decision affecting the family, they sometimes earn less than men forthe same work. Also, most women are still spending more time taking care of the children, cooking, and cleaning than their husbands are. Many women are resentful because they feel like they have two full-time jobs-the one at work and the one at home. In the 1980s women were told they could “have it all” - fast-track career, husband, children, and a clean house. Now, some women are finding that lifestyle exhausting and unrewarding. (4) Some young women are now choosing to stay at home until their children start school, but many others who would like to cannot afford to do so.Juggling two careers and family responsibilities can be as difficult for men as it is for women, especially if there is truly an equal division of duties. American fathers are often seen dropping the kids off at the babysitter’s or taking a sick child to the doctor. (5) Some businesses are recognizing the need to accommodate families where both parents work, thus they may open a day care center in the office building, offer fathers paternity leave to stay home with their new babies or have flexible working hours. Unfortunately, these benefits are not yet available to all. While young couples strive to achieve equality in their careers, their marriages, and their parenting, society at large still lacks many of the structures that are needed to support them.

That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been considered the prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons; it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working in metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States; while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940, it was only after 1945 ——when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world ——that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women.By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work. “For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail.”Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, “I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind.”Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, blit then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.1.The passage focuses primarily on which of the following?2.Which of the following statements is supported by information given in the passage?3.It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Nevelson’s sculptures?4.Which of the following statements about Nevelson’s sculptures can be inferred from the passage?

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