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The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T. Coca-Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he’s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won’t secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. “Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says Kaleel Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “They think that if you work hard, you’ll get ahead—that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.” Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.1. According to the passage, “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” (Para. 1) probably refers to “”.2. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the passage, is to .3. The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they .4. The best title for this passage would be .

To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do.”Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situation, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.1. For a child the first element in his learning by imitation is .2. Apart from achieving his desired results, a child should also learn to .3. Children tend to imitate their models .4. “An identifying figure” (Para. 5) refers to a person .

Directions: Use about 300 words to answer the following question:Nowadays, hundreds of millions of people in the world have used social networking sites like Face book, MySpace, Twitter, etc. In China, micro blog has also become an important news source for us Chinese. What do you think of the impact of social media on our society? Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of them I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach each its due weigh. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of techniques. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed in enormously lowering the infant death-rate in the world. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.

It could perhaps be said that the attraction or ________ some of us occasionally have towards those with wealth may have partially evolved from this dynamic. (admire)

The overemphasis on the exterior elevation in its former design resulted in the closeness and ________ of the interior space. (regular)

Sedona, located in Arizona’s high desert, is famous for its ________ beautiful red-sandstone formations. (startle)

Reading and comprehending a large number of documents and reports—many of them specialized and technical—is a vital task that is intrinsic to fulfilling management and ________responsibilities. (execute)

Once inside the virtual classroom, you have access to a chat feature, an ________ white board and a video window where they can see and hear the tutor in live video and audio. (interact)

One night, standing out on the deck, I felt destroyed by my burden. I was about $50,000 in debt. My publisher and my agent were at me constantly, to ask when I would finish this endless book. A B C D

Those Asian Americans whose families have been living in the United States for several generations resent to be singled out and stereotyped as part of a supermajority. They feel that their achievements are only comparable to what other A B C D immigrant groups have done in the past.

Asian American children of high school age generally outscore other students on the Scholastic AAptitude Test. They make up a disproportionate large segment of student bodies in the most prominent B C Dcolleges and universities.

Concerns about research ethics were further heighted by a research project called the Tuskegee Study, sponsored by the United States Public Health Service to assess the clinical course of syphilis. A B C D

A community which collective interests the terrorist organization claims to serve may be terrorized so that their cooperation, loyalty, and support are ensured. Groups that come to power by this means usually continue to rule by terror. A B C D

The professional fields that deal with ethical issues in medicine including medicine, nursing, law, sociology, philosophy, and theology, though in the late 20th century medical ethics has come to be recognized as its own discipline. A B C D

Three broad categories of terrorist crime may be distinguished, not in legal terms, but with intention. Foremost is the use of violence and the threat of violence to create public fear. A B C D

Persons in responsible positions may be abducted or assassinated on the grounds that they are “representatives” of some institution or system which their assailants are opposed. A B C D

I had already put in 10 years of work on my book when I ran into a complete dead end. Writing about my first ancestor, Kunta Kinte, for his voyage to America aboard a slave ship, had become impossible for me. A B C D

Much of what is best in Roots—the story of his family traces back over seven generations— was written out of this man’s own sufferings and despair. He is close to tears as he tells the story. A B C D

Black and Latino boys commit plenty of violence in school, of course, but they’re more likely to assault an individual whom they know.

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