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Parks and similar recreation areas act as a kind of barrier between residential and industrial areas. The government is making efforts to preserve this “Green Belt” to halt the spread of industrial growth and excessive suburban "sprawl" into the surrounding countryside. Planning permission to build a new factory complex or housing estate is often refused for this reason.People nowadays have become very conscious of the threat which modern living poses to our natural environment. They are becoming concerned about the quality of present-day life and are giving vigorous support to conservation policies which aim to safeguard the countryside that is still untouched, and to clean and restore what has already been spoiled. This involves clearing town centers of all motor traffic with its polluting fumes and gases, preventing agricultural land from being sold to unscrupulous property developers, and launching a powerful campaign against the serious chemical pollution of many of our rivers, lakes and coastal waters. There is even some talk about making our elaborate canal system viable again for the transportation of goods such as coal, which would then lessen the amount of heavy traffic on our already overloaded roads.Neither is it all empty talk; for the first time in decades fish are being caught in the lower reaches of the Thames. For the conservationists this represents a real victory and gives them well-deserved satisfaction.1.Motor traffic is banned from many town centers because (  ).2.The "Green Belt" in line 2 refers to (  ).  3.The fact that fishes are now being caught in the lower reaches of the Thames shows that (  ).  4.What threat does modern living pose to our natural environment?5.The campaign against serious pollution of rivers was launched because(  ).  6.According to the passage, in what other way can the canal system be used?

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When British voters go to the polls during General Elections to decide who will govern them, they usually have a choice of at least three candidates who will each represent one of the three main political parties in Britain today.The Labor Party is the party of the left, the Tory or Conservative Party represents the right and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own. is the smaller Liberal Party.Britain is divided into over 600 political units known as “constituencies’’,each with its own candidates who stand for Parliament hoping to be elected (or re-elected) with large majorities. The cities and large towns are themselves divided into constituencies and they also choose the Members of Parliament (MPs) who will represent their views in the Houses of Parliament at Westminster. Here, in the "House", the government of the day led by its Prime Minister and his Cabinet ---- a team of specially selected ministers —— carries out its duties of governing the country. Various proposals are put forward for debate and discussion and these may, eventually, become part of the law of the land. The government in office has to face the criticism of the other parties which are in opposition. This is the sort of democratic process that the majority of British people seem to favor. Her Majesty's Government is watched over by Her Majesty's Opposition, and thus a certain balance of power is maintained. Decisions are made by a majority vote and this, of course, is where the other parties, the Liberals, the National and Regional parties (such as the Scottish or Welsh National Party), and other independent parties can exercise their influence. Some issues may be decided on a mere handful of votes.1.According to the passage, the Liberal Party could be described as (  ).2.A constituency is (  ).  3.How can the other parties exercise their influence in Parliament,according to the passage?4.The Cabinet is (  ).  5.Which of the following statements is NOT true?6.The appropriate title for this passage is(  ).

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There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought, through various means, to control these unknown and fearful powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed, some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium". In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings and mimed the desired effect——success in hunt or ballet, the coining rain, the revival of the sun — as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, of other-feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are the imitation of animal movements and sounds.1.An appropriate title of the passage would be(  ).2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?3.Which of the following ideas does the passage support?4.According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?

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Scientists recently revealed an instinct in women intact and unaffected by the age of technology. Glancing through glossy art books, Lee Salk noticed that four times out of five Mary is depicted holding the infant Jesus against her left breast The Madonna sparked off a series of experiments and observations to determine on which side women hold their babies and why.First he determined that modern mothers still tend to hold their baby on the left. Of 255 right-handed mothers, 83% held the baby on the left. And out of 32 left-handed women, 78% held the baby on the left. As a control, women were watched emerging from supermarkets carrying baby-sized packages; the bundles were held with no side preference.Then, dental patients were given a large rubber ball to hold during treatment. The majority clutched the ball to their left side, even when it interfered with the dentist's activities. This suggested that in times of stress objects are held against the left side.At that point an apparently contradictory phenomenon was observed. A large number of mothers who brought their premature babies to a follow-up clinic were seen to hold their babies against their right side.So, 115 mothers who had been separated from their babies for 24 hours after birth were observed for holding response. The experiments presented the baby directly to the mid-line of the mother's body, and noted that the mothers of the group who had held their baby on the left had already had a baby from which they had not been separated after birth.The author suggested that "the time immediately after birth is a critical period when the stimulus of holding the baby releases a certain maternal response." That is to say, she senses the baby is better off on her left. Left-handed holding enables the baby to hear the heart-beat ——a sound associated with the security of the womb. In order to discover whether hearing the heart has a beneficial effect on the baby, the sound of a human heartbeat was played to 102 babies in a New York nursery for 4 days. A control group of babies was not exposed to heartbeats. The babies in the beat group gained markedly more weight and cried far less than the babies in the control group.1.Why did Lee Salk watch women coming out of supermarkets?2.The word "critical" in line 1, paragraph 6 means(  ).3.What is the reason given for the gain in the weight of the babies in the "beat group"?4.Salk’s experiments proved that(  ).

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