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For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazine: a never-ending flood of words. In（1）a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend（2）can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are（3）readers. Most of us develop poor reading（4）at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency（5）in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have（6）meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs.（7）, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to（8）words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over（9）you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which（10）down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as （11）reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use device called an（12）, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate（13）the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, （14）word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first（15）is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, （16）your comprehension will improve. Many people have found（17）reading skill drastically improved after some training.（18）Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading was a reasonably good 172 words a minute（19）the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can（20）a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

Hawaii’s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago’s political establishment, which-includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii’s native people have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state’s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii’s first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives’ cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state—as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from dear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the Hawaiian natives?2. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?3. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?4. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT（）.5. Hawaii’s native minority refers to（）.

Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships.Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing.Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical, and ideational mobility.A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when individual family members or the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes, values, and ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife, and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters, who engage in occupations other than those of the parents.Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between racial classes. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, periodicals, and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home.When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.1. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because（）.2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about people living in a traditional family according to the passage?3. Which of the following statements can summarize the passage?4. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which（）.5. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members（）.

Before 1945, hardly anyone outside of New Mexico had ever heard of Alamogordo. In 1960 its population numbered 21,723. Ever since 1898, when the town had been built by the Southern Pacific Railroad, Alamogordo had been a lonely town. The land around it was largely desert, and largely empty.Because it was isolated and because the weather was almost always clear and peaceful, a spot of desert near Alamogordo was chosen as the last site for the first atomic bomb ever exploded.At dawn on July 16, 1945, the atomic bomb was set off. Observers agreed that they had witnessed something unlike anything ever seen by men before, a huge, colorful fireball, more brilliant than the sun flashing as it rose for miles into the air. Never before had men released so much power at one time, nor had any nation ever possessed weapon as terrible and destructive as the atomic bomb.For several weeks, the test was kept secret. When an atomic bomb was dropped from an American plane on Hiroshima, Japan, newspapers and radio stations all over America told of the test of the bomb in New Mexico. Almost everybody was amazed to learn where the bomb had been made and tested; the deserts of the Southwest had hidden the secret well.When news of the atomic bomb and its destructiveness was announced, people all over the world wondered what other new weapons were being prepared in the New Mexico desert. Some people doubted that the secret of making atomic bombs could be kept from other countries. Some even doubted the wisdom of using so powerful a weapon. But no one doubted that a new kind of war—and a new kind of world—had begun at Alamogordo, one summer morning in 1945.1. Alamogordo was chosen as the test site mainly because（）.2. Which of the following is the tone of this passage?3. This passage is mainly about（）.4. After the first atomic bomb explosion, everybody agreed that（）.5. When was the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima?

Life offers us a myriad of（）, even opposing ones, and what is involved in our decision process is to discover and choose what is most suited to arrive at our objectives.

The ad of four-wheeled vehicle gives viewers a feeling of（）that no matter what happens weatherwise, no matter how much it snows or how bad the mudslides are, you can go out in your four-wheel drive.

The property-rich but credit-starved homeowners are easy targets for second-mortgage companies, whose salespeople use phone directories or（）door-to-door in targeted zip codes.

He was given a present in（）of his work for the business.

Contestants who do not（）the regulations will be disqualified.

Duke Ellington’s（）orchestration techniques made him perhaps the most remarkable artist that jazz has produced.

Hydrogen and oxygen are present in water in the（）of 1 to 8 by weight.

Vegetables are a garden’s（）.

I was very pleased（）the room you provided（）me.

Each Monday in four（）weeks is called four（）Mondays.

Directions: Recent media have launched a heated discussion on whether those who cheat in examinations should be put in jail or prison according to the criminal law, in order to enhance the clean atmosphere. What is your opinion? Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 200 words on the topic given below.My View on the Punishing Those Who Cheat in ExaminationsYou are to write in three parts:In the first part of your article, you should clearly present your view.In the second part, you should support your opinion with appropriate details.In the last part, you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary.

Directions: Suppose that you wish go abroad as a visiting scholar, and Professor Smith, the scholar you wish to be your future advisor or coordinator, asks you to write a letter, describing your research plan. Please write a letter to Professor Smith, trying to ask for his approval. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Start your letter with “Dear Professor Smith”; DO NOT sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Chen Ling” instead. You do not need to write the address.

Directions: Translate the following part into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment, has been continuously practiced by humans for some 20,000 years. Together with other activities（1）ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated as artistic (such as music or dance), painting was one of the earliest ways in which man（2）to express his own personality and his（3）understanding of an existence beyond the material world.（4）music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day. The modern eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction（5）the 15,000-year-old cave murals of Lascaux -- some examples（6）to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists. And painting, like other arts, exhibits universal qualities that（7）for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate.　 The major（8）examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and the Soviet Union. But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed（9）to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions.（10）, Western shared a European cultural tradition -- the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later, the countries of the New World.　 Western painting is in general distinguished by its concentration（11）the representation of the human（12）, whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance（13）this tradition through a（14）examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, linking painting（15）the developing sciences of anatomy and optics. The first real（16）from figurative painting came with the growth of landscape painting in the 17th and 18th centuries. The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was increasingly（17）“painterly” qualities of the（18）of light and color and the expressive qualities of paint handling. In the 20th century these interests（19）to the development of a third major tradition in Western painting, abstract painting, which sought to（20）and express the true nature of paint and painting through action and form.

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers’ life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor.Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.1. Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true?2. Why do workers want more money?3. The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers’ jobs more interesting,（）.4. In this passage, the author tells us（）.5. The author of this passage is probably by a（）.

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