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For a while everyone was screaming, tugging, beating and kicking and then Mother came in from the kitchen and said firmly，”（）! It’s time for a rest.”

She said that she had （）courage to fight （）brutal man because she had（） support from（）Lord.

Those who got angry and crazy set fire to cars and shops in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois, then the problem （）.

The accident occurred when a van （）on the snow-covered road and bumped into a car that was not able to steer away in time owing also to the snow.

This leads record companies to treat musicians as contracted artists who are not paid a fixed sum for their labor-time, but instead receive royalties in（） to their success.

This special committee was established for well-integrated members of the society and not for（）individuals.

He always included something above the understanding of his hearers in order to prevent them from becoming（）and to stimulate their desire to learn more.

Written primarily for a specialized but diverse body of scholars, this book （）the attention of those interested in seventeenth-century English literature.

Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this （）produces artificial cold surrounding it.

Reduction in overseas government expenditure took place, but（）and more gradually than now seems desirable.

It would seem that Miller cannot have been on friendly terms with the gardeners there, or he would have made a（）of visiting them.

His presidential address in New York （）on the importance of communication between science and industry.

Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed （1）extending man’s knowledge of these subjects. The emphasis given to each of these functions （2） from university to university, according to the views of the people in （3） and according to the resources available.The smaller and newer universities do not （4） the staff or equipment to carry out the （5） research projects possible in larger institutions. （6） most experts agree that some research activity is （7） to keep the staff and their students in （8） with the latest developments in their subjects.Most students attend a university mainly to （9） the knowledge needed for their chosen （10） . Educationists believe that this aim should not be the （11） one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women （12） judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge.For this reason, they （13） students to meet others with differing （14） and to read widely to （15） their understanding in many fields of study. （16） a secondary school course, a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own （17） . He should be prepared to （18） every effort to study his chosen （19） in depth. He should have an ambition to make some （20） contribution to man’s knowledge.

I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that unfairly treated member of society — a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I am convinced the things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a deceptive new motto for so-called “service” organizations --- Staff Before Service.How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there were not enough staff on duty to man all the service grilles or checkout counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to hire cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that uncovering all their cash registers at any one time would increase operating costs. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied "at times when demand is low”.It is the same with hotels, because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is cut short. As for us guests, we just have to put up with it. There is also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been thrown out of their jobs in the interests of "efficiency” and replaced by coin-eating machines which offer everything from lager to laxatives. Not to mention the tea-making kit in your room: a kettle with a mixed collection of tea bags, plastic milk boxes and lump sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I do not, especially when I am paying for “service”.Can it be stopped, this worsening of service, this growing attitude that the customer is always a bore? I angrily hope so because it is happening, sadly, in all walks of life.Our only hope is to hammer home our anger whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, bring back into practice that other, older slogan-Take Our Deal Elsewhere.1.The writer feels that nowadays a customer （）.2.The writer argues that the quality of service is changing because （）.3.According to the writer, long queues at counters are caused by （）.4.Service organizations contend that keeping all checkout counters operated can result in（）.5.The writer suggests that a customer （）.

In the next century we’ll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, “Had I the right, for my own benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?” Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies?Probably not. Instead, we’ll reach again for a time tested in called the Golden Rule and which Kant, the millennium’s most prudent moralist, conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end.Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans’ ends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality).The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us.Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the technology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a “dry ware” machine, so that we could live on without the “wet ware” of a biological brain and body. The 20th century’s revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st century’s revolution in biotechnology. But this is science fiction. Let’s turn the page now and get back to real science.1.Dr. Frankenstein's remarks are mentioned in the text （）.2.It can be concluded from the text that the technology of human cloning should be employed（）.3.From the text, we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion that（）. 4.Which of the following statements is true?5.What does the word "it" in Sentence 2, Paragraph 1 refer to （）.

The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401(k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritance, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.The Hudson Institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the report's recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income, provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it, may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.1.According to Hudson Institute researcher, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the US economy is（）.2.The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may（）.3.The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that （）.4.The word "hinder” in the last sentence of Paragraph 1 refers to （）.5.Which of the following statements is true?

What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer's epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man," tortured by self-consciousness turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for". There is widespread distress because national morale has declined and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory but this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform, origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth—a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks, only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form, the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolations, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness—in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.1.In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the US society may lie in （）.2.The asocial personality of Americans may stem from （）.3.Homer's epics is mentioned in Paragraph 1 in order to （）.4.The word "consensus" is closest in meaning to （）.5.The word "our" in Sentence 1, Paragraph 3 refers to （）.

Choose one if the two topics to develop an essay about 300 words.1. In the work report by Hu Jintao at 18 Party Congress, the former president urged to build China into a beautiful country. In the face of severe resource constraints, serious environmental pollution, how do you understand the idea of Beautiful China, and what do you think we should do.2. Crisis of trustworthiness is becoming more and more serious in China. What's your view of this problem and what do you think we should do about it?

Read the following Paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. 尽管我们对“学习”的理解不尽完善，然而我们对此已有不少了解。“学习”可以呈现不同的形式，也可以在许多情况下进行。一般来说，“学习”必然会引起行为的变化。“学习”导致人们行为发生变化吋，这种变化常能持久。“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。就好比你在钢琴上学习一首新的曲子。

Read the following Paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese. The period of adolescence, i.e.，the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. Furthermore，the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the 19th century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.

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