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The students have（）more interesting English classes as they like without any restrictions in any specified field.

The new technology will greatly（）food production in China to feed more people on such densely populated land.

They arranged daily routine that would （）her sense of security though she was just a trainee.

Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual property（1）from creative thinking and may include products,（2）, processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected（3）misappropriation (盗用). Misappropriation is taking the intellectual property of others without （4）compensation and using it for monetary gain. Legal protection is provided for the（5）of intellectual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks. Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent Office（6）a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is（7）. The patent prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owner’s（8）for a period of 20 years. Copyright are similar to patents（9）that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an（10）artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy,（11）, display, or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work. The（12）of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author（13）an additional 70 years. Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and（14）it from similar goods of others. A service mark is similar to a trademark（15）is used to identify service. A trademark prevents others from using the（16）or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and（17）of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace.（18）registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. It can be（19）for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as（20）as the mark’s use continues.

Eating disorders have been most commonly associated with women and therefore most studies on anorexia nervosa have been concentrated within the female population. Such gender bias however makes it less likely that a doctor will diagnose a male as having an eating disorder or anorexia nervosa even though the symptoms might be identical. Men are far less likely to discuss an eating disorder with other men or with women. Their doctors are more likely to diagnose them as having a bout of depression due to stress or some kind of upset rather than suffering from an eating disorder because such disorders have been largely labeled female diseases. This is mostly due to cultural differences between men and women. Discussions about beauty, new diets and body weight are seen as the female arena of discussion that males seldom enter. Also, traditionally men’s beauty is displayed in body mass, building muscle, and body building and therefore to discuss issues surrounding weight loss is not seen as particularly masculine because men “Don’t have psychological problems” and “Don’t talk about their feelings” even though men do suffer from anorexia. The disease is far more common in the Western world than anywhere else and there is much cause for concern as recent research suggests that the disease is on the increase. The disease mostly manifests itself during adolescence when the signs of obvious weight loss become apparent. People who suffer from the disease have a genuine and constant terrifying fear of gaining weight, even when their weight is much less than people of their same height and stature. Doctors have been able to characterize the disease because the sufferer’s body weight is about 15% below average for their height. Suffers also tend to avoid fatty foods, use laxatives, diuretics or engage in excessive exercise. Because people live in a world obsessed with image and a fashion and cosmetics industry that forces an image of the ideal body, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between anorexics and those who have a higher interest in their physical appearance than most people. Anorexics can be distinguished from non-anorexics because weight loss is completely self-induced vomiting until eventually the situation fast gets out of control. Sufferers are also completely preoccupied with their bodies and actually believe themselves to be fat when in reality they are malnourished and starkly thinner than their peers. They also begin to lose interest in activities their peers are involved in such as socializing and very often become withdrawn. These are common symptoms in many adolescents but coupled with the obvious and drastic weight loss and lack of concentration it is easier to diagnose an adolescent with the beginning stages of anorexia. The actual cause of the disease is unknown but scientists believe that biological and social factors play a role and sometimes the disease can be triggered by traumatic events such as a death in the family, stress or the onset of puberty. While it is true that most sufferers of the disease are female, some 10% are male. Studies show that there are differences between male and female anorexics. Female sufferers tend to view themselves as fatter, more overweight than males with the same condition. Males tend to engage in less self-induced vomiting, take fewer laxatives and diuretics, are more motivation but have more physical complaints. It has also been suggested that there is a link between homosexuality and males afflicted by the disease. The actual figure is unknown and it is important to understand that such a link does not indicate that all male sufferers of anorexia nervosa or eating disorder are homosexual. Also there tends to be a higher rate in suicide attempts in male sufferers. The biggest problem, however, is diagnosing male anorexia or eating disorder because of the common belief that such diseases are essentially female although the medical profession is more aware of male anorexia than ever before. Sufferers can go many years without treatment but eventually sufferers lose more body weight, as much as 25%-30%, which leads to chronic illness and even death. The mortality rate is as high as 5%. Others are lucky because sometimes the onset of the disease can temporarily complete recovery. There is treatment for sufferers of this terrible disease. In some cases sufferers are treated by medication, usually when the disease is accompanied by severe depression. Usually though, sufferers are referred to a psychologist or a therapist and are encouraged to join self-help groups and are counseled by people who have first-hand experience of the disease themselves. 1.Why might a doctor wrongly diagnose an eating disorder in males as stress related?2.In paragraph 3, why does the author infer that male beauty is different from female beauty?3.In paragraph 5, why does the author say that it’s sometimes difficult to distinguish non-anorexics from genuine sufferers?4.In paragraph 5, which of the following statements most accurately reflects the author’s opinion about the fashion and cosmetics industry?5.In paragraph 6, why does the author state that in reality sufferers are malnourished and starkly thinner than their peers?

Alcoholism and drug addiction has already reached epidemic proportions in the 21st Century. One of the biggest misconceptions about addiction is that it only affects certain groups within society: for example that poor people from poor neighborhoods and ethnic minorities are more likely to be addicted to alcohol and drugs. The truth is however that addiction is blind to race, color and socio-economic background. Another fact is that drug and alcohol related crimes are increasing all over the world. There are many reasons why a person might first try drugs. Some of these might include peer pressure from friends, stress and personality characteristics. People take drugs and alcohol because of the elevating or relaxing effects they have on the body otherwise people wouldn’t take them in the first place. But as the person develops a habit, the chemistry of the brain starts to change and adapt, demanding more and more of the drug as it resists the discomfort of withdrawal. The person becomes an addict and the initial masons for taking the drug soon pale in significance as the need for drugs and or alcohol begins to dominate every aspect of the addict’s life. Addictions are lifelong illnesses that are very hard to treat. The disturbing fact is that 1/3rd of patients who do receive treatment usually relapse within one year. Many scientists believe that addiction is related to our most basic instinct, survival. Since the beginning of time our brain has evolved to ensure the survival of our species. The brain controls behavior by rewarding actions that will ensure survival of the species. For example, the intake of nutrients such as sugars and fats activate taste receptors that in turn activate brain reward mechanisms. The activation of these mechanisms produces certain changes in the individual ranging from being in a much better mood to intense pleasure and euphoria. We are far more likely to continue to seek out and eat these nutrients because the brain rewards us for taking the nutrients into the body by releasing chemicals that make us feel good. The problem lies in the fact that these reward systems do not only reward the intake of harmless substances such as sugars and fats. Some chemicals activate brain reward systems directly, bypassing the sensory receptors mediating natural rewards. Caffeine, alcohol and nicotine all activate brain reward mechanisms directly. But other far more harmful drugs such as heroine, crack and cocaine are better at activating brain reward systems, producing a far more powerful effect compared to a feeling of calmness or relaxation after eating a good nutritious meal. The activation is much more intense causing the individual to crave the drug and to focus their activities around taking the drug. The ability of addictive drugs to strongly activate brain reward mechanisms and their ability to chemically alter the normal functioning of these systems can produce an addiction. However some people become addicted while others do not. Many people drink alcohol or smoke cannabis or even cocaine and other illegal drugs but this does not necessarily make them addicts and not all addicts have the same intensity of addiction. It has been estimated that approximately 10% of any population of any country will tend to have an addictive nature and become addicts of some kind. It is true that though that some races, notably Native American Indians and Eskimos, do tend to have higher rates of addiction than others for reasons that are not fully understood. It is also true that people who become addicts may be highly intelligent and be extremely motivated but are unable to control their addiction. Addiction is by no means dependent on intelligence. Some of the most skilled and intelligent people might become addicts even though they are fully aware of the detrimental nature of continuing to take drugs or alcohol. The fact is that still we do not know why some people become addicts and others do not although there are many theories that reason that some people simply have an “addictive personality type”—being far more susceptible to the reward mechanism that produces addiction—while others still believe that it is the addicts’ lack of will power to refrain from taking drugs or alcohol. The biggest killer though is a person’s denial of his or her condition, that they believe that they do not have a problem, do not seek help but instead continue the abuse until they have either lost everything or die as the body cannot cope and eventually shuts down.1.In paragraph1, the word misconceptions is closest in meaning to（）.2.According to the passage, who is most likely to become addicted to drugs and/or alcohol?3.According to the author, most people first try drugs, and alcohol because（）.4.According to the passage, why might there be a problem in the brain’s natural reward system?5.In paragraph 7, the word intensity is closest in meaning to（）.

The political crisis in Ukraine, where opposition protesters are burning campfires and setting up tents in the center of Kiev, is presenting a test for Russia, which gambled heavily on its neighbor’s presidential election.A defeat of the pro-Moscow candidate, Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, would humiliate the Kremlin one year after another former Soviet Republic, Georgia, slipped from its influence, according to observers and political analysts.The Ukrainian upheaval echoes what happened in Georgia, where protests over vote rigging led to the resignation of a Moscow-linked President and a landslide victory of a young, Western-educated and Western-oriented leader.For Moscow, the stakes are even higher in Ukraine. Unlike Georgia, Ukraine shares close ethnic and linguistic ties with Russia; Kiev, Ukraine’s capital, is the cradle of the Russian culture and the ancient capital of the first Russian state.President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia wants to forge a closer union between three Slavic nations Russia, Ukraine, and tiny, authoritarian Belarus and Ukraine is key to the plan, Russian businesses have major interests in Ukraine, which borders Russia to the west. The Russian military also wants to have Ukraine as an ally over which it can hold sway, not as a potential NATO participant, the analysts said.As other former republics turned away from Russia, Moscow “gets the feeling that Ukraine is its closest ally, with a symbolic significance,” said Marsha Lipman of the Carnegie Moscow Center. “Russia has given itself a goal of getting a controllable Ukraine. I’m afraid it won’t happen.”Putin quickly congratulated Yanukovych following Sunday’s vote, which pitted the prime minister against opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko. But Western observers reported voting fraud, and hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians rallied in protest.“If the crisis lasts, it will become a potential source of problems for Russia’s relations with the West,” said Alexander Pikayev, an independent political analyst in Moscow “Russia will have to share responsibility for the acute political crisis.”The Kremlin had come out early and strongly for Yanukovych before the election. Putin traveled twice to Ukraine, ahead of each round of voting. To support the official purpose of his first visit, attending anniversary celebrations of Ukraine’s liberation from the Nazis in World War Ⅱ, the festivities were rescheduled for 10 days earlier than the actual date.Since the vote, the Kremlin’s propaganda machine has been in full swing. Russia’s Channel One television, controlled by the Kremlin like all other major networks accused the Ukrainian opposition of breaking the law by declaring Yushchenko the rightfully elected President.In his prime-time show, television commentator Mikhail Leontyev compared the Ukrainian opposition to Middle Eastern militants. “But this is not the Gaza Strip, and the chaos cannot go on indefinitely,” he said, warning that protest strikes would only hurt ordinary people.Russian television also aired reports on the anniversary of Georgia’s “Rose Revolution” on Tuesday, saying the country was steeped in misery and poverty a year after the fall of the old government. Russian independent newspapers, however, which reach only a fraction of the TV audience, wrote about a different Georgia the same day telling how happy Georgians had decorated shop windows and restaurants with roses to celebrate.Many Russians view Ukraine’s powerful opposition as a kind of force that has disappeared in Russia under the increasingly authoritarian Putin administration.Russia has not had a seriously contested presidential election since 1996, when Boris Yeltsin narrowly defeated a Communist challenger. The political opposition here is fractured and marginalized, ousted from parliament in last year’s balloting closely directed by the Kremlin.Russian optimists hope a defeat of Yanukovych would force the Kremlin to reconsider its attempts to control political life in other former Soviet republics. Pessimists fear that his loss would only prompt the Kremlin to tighten its rule.“The stakes are high,” Lipman said, “It’s a question of whether Russia’s neighbor will be a Ukraine ruled not through democratic institutes but though administrative means or a Ukraine that will embrace democracy”.1.By saying “For Moscow the stakes are even higher in Ukraine”, the author means（）.2.As to Ukrainian election, which of the following is true?3.What’s the meaning of the sentence “…the Kremlin’s propaganda machine has been in full swing”?4.What can be inferred from the passage?

Walking through my train yesterday, staggering from my seat to the buffet and back, I counted five people reading Harry Potter novels. Not children- these were real grown-ups reading children’s books.Maybe that would have been understandable. If these people had jumped whole-heartedly into a second childhood it would have made more sense. But they were card-carrying grown-ups with laptops and spreadsheets returning from sales meetings and seminars. Yet they chose to read a children’s book.I don’t imagine you’ll find this headcount exceptional. You can no longer get on the London Tube and not see a Harry Potter book. Nor is it just the film; these throwback readers were out there in droves long before the movie campaign opened.So who are these adult readers who have made J.K. Rowling the second-biggest female earner in Britain (after Madonna) As I have tramped along streets knee-deep in Harry Potter paperbacks, I’ve mentally slotted them into three groups.First come the Never-Readers, whom Harry has enticed into opening a book. Is this a bad thing probably not. Writing has many advantages over film, but it can never compete with its magnetic punch. If these books can re-establish the novel as a thrilling experience for some people, then this can only be for the better. If it takes obsession-level hype to lure them into a bookshop, that’s fine by me. But will they go on to read anything else again, we can only hope.The second group are the Occasional Readers. These people claim that tiredness, work and children allow them to read only a few books a year. Yet now—to be part of the crowd, to say they’ve read it—they put Harry Potter on their oh-so-select reading list. It’s infuriating, and maddening. Yes, I’m a writer myself, currently writing difficult, unreadable, hopefully unsettling novels, but there are so many other good books out there, so much rewarding, enlightening, enlarging works of fiction for adults; and yet these sad cases are swept along by the hype, the faddism, into reading a children’ s book.The third group are the Regular Readers, for whom Harry is sandwiched between McEwan and Balzac, Roth and Dickens. This is the real baffler—what on earth do they get out of reading it? Why bother? But if they call rattle through it in a week just to say they’ve been there — like going to Longleat or the Eiffel Tower—the worst they’ re doing is encouraging others.1.What’s the passage mainly about?2.The author believes that many adults read（）.3.According to the author, the Never-Readers（）.4.The Occasional Readers are referred to as sad cases because（）.5.What’s the bad effect of the way the Regular Readers read Harry Patter?6.The main culprit for this madness about Harry Potter is most probably（）.

Directions: Choose one of the two topics to develop an essay of about 300 words.1.At present, China’s reform of the supply-side structure, or the supply front structure reform is a comprehensive strategic development that involves industry, macro control capital and the fiscal and taxation systems. How do you understand the supply front structure reform? How do you think it influences your career? How do you think it affects the reform of education?2.The idea “craftsmanship” or “the spirit of craftsman” occurs in the Report on the Work of the Government delivered at the 13th National people’s Congress by premier Li Keqiang. How do you understand the spirit of craftsman? How do you think it influences your career? How do you think it affects the reform of education?

1.书籍引导我们进入优秀的社会群体，将我们带到伟大的思想家面前。2.这些不同文化背景的年轻人都具有共同的爱好，喜欢同样的服饰、音乐和娱乐。3.名声、财富和权利都是身外之物，人人可求而得之，但没有人能代替你感受人生。4.中国坚持以人为本的科学发展观，着力构建和谐社会。5.一个时代展现在我们面前；政治更加民主，社会全面进步，人们生活进一步提高。

For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the street or loading a cart in a shopping mall. Soon, that will change. 1.Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bring people more choices. There will, however, be a cost: protecting the consumer from fraud will be harder. Many governments therefore want to extend high street regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation.2.Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refund when goods are faulty. But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence in their country is on the screen. Other countries have regulators, but the rules of consumer protection differ, as does enforcement. Even where a clear right to compensation exists, the online catalogue customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to extract a refund for a dud purchase.3.One answer is for governments to cooperate more: to recognize each other’s rules. But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules. 4.And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober states to accept. There is, however, an alternative. Let the electronic businesses do the “regulation”themselves. They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so.5.In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset. Governments, too, may compete to be trusted. For instance, customers ordering medicines online may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA’s rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead.

Anderson held out his arms to（）the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived.

The young lady is Mr. Smith’step-daughter, her（）parents having died in an accident.

Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of（）.

Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association（）that schools should continue to test, if they so choose.

Some of the old customs have continued（）politeness although they are no longer thought about now.

The importance of（）can never be neglected when it comes to fulfilling one’s military missions.

The（）from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.

The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show（）.

It took this disabled boy a long time to（）the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college.

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