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The children’s （） natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.

A computer program can provide information in ways that force students to （） learning instead of being merely of knowledge.

The vast majority of people in any given culture will （） to the established standards of that culture.

Many tourists were （） by the city's complicated traffic system.

"Too many child stars grow up to be unhappy adults. He has to be cautious and not （） himself from real life.”

（） these questions may sound academic, answers to them could have profound economic and political significance.

The disease was kept under control （） early diagnosis and treatment.

These national parks are very important for preserving many animals, who would （） run the risk of becoming extinct.

“Oh, I’m too sleepy to study.” “Well, if you （） that late movie last night, you wouldn't have been so sleepy.”

A class action lawsuit has been filed against a prominent Toronto doctor by patients who allege he injected a banned substance into their faces for cosmetic purposes. The doctor had already been investigated for more than three years for using the liquid silicone, a product not authorized for use in Canada.Some patients say they are now suffering health problems and think the liquid silicone may be to blame. One of those patients is Anna Barbiero. She says her Toronto dermatologist told her he was using liquid silicone to smooth out wrinkles. What she says he didn’t tell her is that it isn't approved for use in Canada. “I didn't know what liquid silicone was and he just called it liquid gold, Barbiero remembers. After her last treatment, Anna discovered Dr. Sheldon Pollack had been ordered to stop using the silicone two years earlier by Health Canada. Experts say silicone can migrate through the body, and cause inflammation and deformities.“My upper lip is always numb and it burns”，Barbiero says. Barbiero is spearheading （带头） a lawsuit against the doctor, who her lawyer thinks might involve up to 100 patients injected with the same material. “The fact, a physician of his stature would use an unauthorized product on a patient because he thought it was okay, is really very disturbing.” says lawyer Douglas Elliott.Ontario’s College of Physicians and Surgeons is also investigating Dr. Pollack to see if, in fact, he continued to use the silicone after agreeing to stop and whether he wrote in patient records that he used another legal product when he used silicone. However, in a letter to the College, Dr. Pollack wrote that he had always told patients that the silicone was not approved for sale in Canada, and had warned them of the risks. And in Barviero’s case, “....at the time of her first visit, prior to her ever receiving IGLS treatment, I specifically informed her that the material was not approved for sale in Canada by the Health Protection Branch and that I did receive the material from outside the country.... I would like to emphasize that, as is evident on Ms. Barbiero’s chart, I drew a specific diagram on the chart which I carefully discussed with and explained to Ms. Barbiero as I did with every other patient to explain the nature and likelihood of complications and the reasons and consequences of those possible complications.”Dr. Pollack decline to speak to CTV News, or to have his lawyer discuss the case. None of the allegations have been proven in court. But the cause raises questions about the ability of governing bodies to monitor doctors. “There’s a large message and that is: buyer beware,” says Nancy Neilsen of Cosmetic Surgery Canada, It's incumbent （负有义务的）on consumers to do their research.”1.Doctor Sheldon Pollack was charged that （）.2.What does the word "dermatoIogist"(Line2.Para2) mean?3.The investigation of Ontario's College of Physicians and Surgeons is to find （）.4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?5.From the ending part of the passage, we can conclude that （）.

Obesity generally is defined as an accumulation of fat beyond what is considered normal for a person's age, sex, and body type. In today’s society obesity is considered a disease, not a moral failing. It occurs when energy intake exceeds the amount of energy expended over time. Only in a small minority of cases is obesity caused by such illnesses as hypothyroidism, or the result of taking medications such as steroids(类固醇),that can cause weight gain.The more a person weighs, the more blood vessels the body needs to circulate blood throughout the body. The heart takes on a heavy burden as has to pump harder to force the blood flow through so many vessels. As a result; the heart grows in size and blood pressure tends to rise. Obesity is also a factor in osteoarthritis (because of the extra weight placed on the joints), bone and joint diseases, respiratory ailments, gallbladder disease, complications during pregnancy and delivery, and higher accidental death rate.Obesity can alter hormone levels, affect immune function, and cause impotence in men and reproductive problems in women. Women who are 30% overweight are twice as likely to die of endometrial cancer, and those who are 40% overweight have four times the risk. Obese women also are more likely to incur cancers of the breast, ovaries, and gallbladder. Obese men are more likely to develop cancers of the rectum, colon, bladder, pancreas, stomach, and prostate.Obesity can also cause psychological problems. Sufferers are associated with laziness, failure, or inadequate willpower. As a result, overweight men and women blame themselves for being heavy, thus causing feelings of guilt and depression.Scientific evidence has found an association between BMI (body mass index) and higher death rates. However, the relative risk of being heavy declines with age. Some researchers have found that data linking overweight and death are inconclusive, while other researchers have found that losing weight may be riskier than dangers posed by extra pounds. Some researchers counter that overweight indirectly contributes to over 300, 000 deaths a year.A poll by Shape Up America found that 78% of overweight or obese adults have abandoned dieting as a means of losing weight. Diets do not teach people how to eat properly. They merely restrict food intake temporarily, so when the diet ends, weight gain resumes.1.Which of the following expresses the main idea of this passage?2.According to the passage, （）.3.According to the passage, why does dieting not result in permanent weight loss?4.Which of the following is implied in Paragraph 5?5.Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the sun’s rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant’s gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink huge volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe （吸收）over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert，as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated. It is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.Why light in color is important to large animals in deserts?3.What will be fatal to non-adapted animals?4.What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?5.What is the following strategy NOT mentioned by the author?

Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion （拥挤）.One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable （可伸缩的）arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer （蜂鸣器）that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present day highway.1.One significant improvement in the future car will probably be （）.2.What is the author’s main concern?3.What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?4.In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is to （）.5.What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos?

Charles Weiss, programme director of science and international affairs at Georgetown University in Washington D.C, was the bank's science adviser in the early 1980s. He believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance of succeeding than his own efforts. This, he says, is partly because they have the support of senior executives, particularly James Wolfensohn, the bank's president and partly because the bank is now keen to promote knowledge-based development.Unusually for a lending institution, the World Bank possesses world-class expertise on the projects and the regions where it lends money. Of its 8,000 staff, 3000 have a PhD-level qualification, and many of these are top-ranked researchers headhunted from universities. The quantity and quality of the bank's research is consistently high.But this more analytical aspect of the bank's work has always been overshadowed by its lending arm ----known as operations ----which has generally considered research to be a function of lending, rather than an activity in its own right. In 1987, half of the research staff were sent to work in operations.This tension between the research and lending wings remains, and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit. In particular, the need for a new department for science is being questioned by some who do not want to see science confined to a ghetto and think it should be part of the lending portfolio of all of the bank's departments.Some Operations staff have yet to be convinced of the merits of raising the bank's research profile or funding research in developing countries. They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs in poorer counties which, because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital.The reaction from developing countries will be an important test of the new strategy. The richer countries of Southeast Asia, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East are likely to be more receptive than poorer countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the bank is not popular, and where almost 50 percent of bank-assisted projects have failed during this decade.1.Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?2.We can infer from the passage that （）.3.One of the challenges for raising the bank's research profile lies in （）.4.The word“infrastructure” （Paragraph 5） most probably refers to （）.5.The best title of the passage maybe “（）”.

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre-modern era. In 1850, for example, borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years —lots that could have housed five to six million people.Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.1.With which of the following subject is the passage mainly concerned?2.Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?3.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?4.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,（） .5.What does the underlined word "anticipate" mean in the second paragraph?

Directions: Write a composition in the title “Cyber Crimes (网上犯罪)’’ based on the following given outline. Your composition should be about 150 English words. Please write your composition on the Answer Sheet.Outline:1. There are various kinds of cyber crimes.2. Cause for cyber crimes.3. We should take effective measures to crack down cyber crimes.

Translate the following sentences into English1.凡事预则立，不预则废。2.我们可以让内燃机使用另一种污染程度较低的燃料，如天然气、燃料电池，液态氢等，这些我们都可以考虑。3.我们必须考虑到这一点：我们的星球是从子孙后代那里借来的，而不是我们祖先馈赠的。4.可持续发展是指：为了将来后代的利益，我们必须保留足够的生存空间，以满足他们的需要和施展他们的抱负。5.这门学科的重要性与其被了解的程度不成正比。

Translate the following passage into ChineseSome old people are troubled by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Young men who have reason to fear they will be killed in a battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows and has done whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat ignoble. The best way to overcome it — so at least it seems to me ― is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly part of the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river — small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grow wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become part of the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.

One might predict that the easiest and fastest adjustment would be made by the flexible, tolerant person who had chosen to come to the new country and who had a job. Additionally, （1）would be easier for someone whose culture and language are（2）to those of the new country.（3），a person who has a lot of support（4）friends and family would probably adjust more quickly. Undoubtedly, in many （5）these would be good predictors of a relatively smooth adjustment. However, sometimes there are surprises in people's cultural（6）to a new country.Some newcomers —（7）a society does well in their first year of cultural adjustment.（8）, they may have a more difficult time later. Perhaps they expected the second year to be（9）easy and successful as the first year, but are not prepared to deal with obstacles（10）arise during the second year. （11）who had problems from the beginning may（12）find the second year easier（13）they are used to solving problems. They expect difficulties and aren't surprised by them.There is yet another unpredictable variable in cultural adjustment. Sometimes people come to a second（14）speaking the new language very well, but still do not have an easy adjustment. The newcomers think,（15）because they have a good（16）of the language, they will not have much difficulty.（17）, if people think that the new country is very similar to their country of origin（18）, in fact, it is not, they may actually adapt more slowly. This is because the ewcomers only imagine the similarity between the two cultures. Therefore they may（19）that differences exist. Cultural differences do not（20），of course, just because a person denies that they exist.

If you know what the trouble is, why don't you help them to （） the situation?

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