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人们对金钱有各自的看法。有的人喜欢钱是因为钱能为他们买到东西，另一些人则把它看作安全的保障。有的人担心自己永远挣不到足够的钱，另一些人则不喜欢有太多的钱。人们对于钱的态度取决于许多方面：在什么样的环境中长大，习惯于拥有多少钱，是为钱而努力工作还是为喜欢的工作而挣钱。甚至人们对生活的信念也影响对金钱的看法。对于金钱的态度没有正确和错误之分，每种态度都自有其合理之处。

It is a common saying that we do not fully value a thing until we lose it. We often value the love and worth of a friend when he has been taken from us by death, more than when he was with us in the flesh; it is only when we have left school or college that we understand the greatness of our opportunity of education, which has gone forever; and it is the sick and the ailing who realize the value of good health. We are so used to vigorous health that we take it for granted.（1） The organs of our body work so smoothly that we scarcely know we have lungs and liver, heart and stomach. But when any of these get upset and give us pain and sickness, we learn by bitter experience what an unspeakable blessing it is to be well,（2）It is therefore wise and necessary to learn in time, before we have lost out health, that it can be kept only by knowing and observing the laws of health. Nature's laws cannot be ignored with impunity. In the long run they will avenge themselves on us if we forget them, even if they do not do so at once. At first we may not feel the result of excesses and unhealthy habits; but we certainly shall some day. （3）Many a man who in middle age finds himself a confirmed invalid has to curse the follies of his youth: but his remorse is vain, for Nature never forgives breaches of the laws of health.（4） Loss of health makes us miserable, and a burden to ourselves and our friends. It cripples our efforts, so that we cannot accomplish many of the good and great things we might have done. It spoils our life. What must we do to keep our health?We must be moderate in eating and drinking, and wise in the choice of plain, wholesome simple food. Gluttony has killed thousands, and strong drink tens of thousands. （5） We must, when young, get plenty of sleep, which is “nature's sweet restorer” (恢复剂), and not try to bum the candle at both ends. We must live as much as possible in the open air and keep our rooms well ventilated. We must get sufficient and regular physical exercise; and keep our bodies clean. And we must avoid bad habits and secret sins as we avoid the devil, and keep our thoughts clean and our bodies pure. Our ideal must be the second mind in the sound body.

The right combination of bricks, mortar and plaster can be mixed to build a great city, but it is the city's people who add that extra dimension which makes it vibrant, memorable, famous and much-visited. London is such a city, and a major exhibition about its people makes this point by pulling-together paintings, drawings, and prints by artists over the centuries to show Londoners from all walks of life and in all manner of settings. The capital's renowned old markets, most now gone, like Covent Garden and Billingsgate, captured the eye of painters because of the extraordinarily disparate range of characters mingling together. Processions and ceremonial events were popular subjects, although many artists were inspired by the individuals they saw: the street traders, laborers, merchants, craftsmen, society folk, servants, visiting foreigners, the very poor, the old, and the criminals. There is a book which accompanies the show and from which in Britain has chosen its illustrations. Londoners are published by Thames and Hudson, 30-34 Bloomsbury Street, London WC1B3QP. Telephone 01-636 5488. It has 237 illustrations, 20 in color: £20 in hardback, £9.95 paperback. Available post-free direct from the publishers to addresses, overseas, or from bookshops in the UK.The exhibition continues until August 2 at the Museum of London. Open Tuesday to Saturday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Admission free.1.According to the advertisement, the element which adds the real color to a city is（）. 2.The artists are more likely to be inspired by （）.3.From the advertisement, we are told that the book which goes with the exhibition（）. 4.Readers overseas can get a copy of the book （）. 5.From the advertisement, we can infer that there would be free admission（）.

Plays are an important form of entertainment in most countries. Two kinds of drama unique to Japan are Noh and Kabuki. Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both men's and women's parts in Noh and Kabuki plays. But the similarities end there.Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy. Real gold is used on them. On the other hand, Noh costumes are quite simple. Kabuki stages are huge. The stage sets are elaborate. Noh stages are only 18 feet (5.4 meters) square. The only scenery used is background wall with a tree painted on it. A scene changes when the Noh actors change their places. The audience must use a lot of imaginations.Noh plays started in the fourteenth century to entertain the upper class. The form of the play has not changed much since that time. All parts of a Noh play must follow a certain set of rules. To a person unfamiliar with Noh drama, a Noh actor may look as if he is sleepwalking. The action of the play is slow. Every movement is controlled. Certain actions stand for certain things. For example, a few steps forward mean the end of a journey. An important part of a Noh play is the chorus that chants much of the story.Kabuki plays were developed in the seventeenth century for the common people. Theatre was the main amusement of the merchants of that time. Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants' tastes and ideas. The colorful costumes reflect their gay moods. The heroes are often warriors who perform daring feats. The players wear thick makeup. They exaggerate their movements and facial expressions to communicate feeling.Music is very important to Kabuki plays, Kabuki actors sing, dance, and speak their lines while the music is played in the background. The music may sound strange at first, but it makes the action on the stage more exciting. Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor.1.What do Noh and Kabuki share in common?2.Which statement is true about the Kabuki plays?3.One of the differences between Noh and Kabuki plays is that （）.4.Kabuki plays can inform us about （）. 5.What musical instruments are used in Kabuki plays?

Sharks have gained an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanity's unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife protection; we strive only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threatening parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts.A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude toward another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States protested the use of driftnets of tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in driftnets. In contrast to this effort on behalf of the dolphins, these same environmentalists have done very little to help save the Pacific Ocean sharks whose population has decreased nearly to the point of extinction. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus that species such as the Great White Shark have manage to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability changing environments. It is time for us human, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate we are damaging the planet, to cast away our fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as an important part of a program for protection of all our natural environment.1.With which of the following topics is this passage primarily concerned?2.How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?3.About how long sharks lived on the planet?4.What is the author's tone in this passage?5.Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?

Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamins, minerals, and high-quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol, one of the major causes of heart disease. One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has caused egg sales to plummet in recent years, which in turn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. One alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These egg substitutes having lower cholesterol rates, and they can be scrambled or used in baking. One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg, sometimes called “designer” eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low-fat diets consisting of ingredients such as canola oil, flax, and rice bean. In spite of their diets, however, these hens produce eggs that contain the same amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans.Egg producers claim that their product has been portrayed unfairly. They cite scientific studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed results. It may be that it is not the type of egg that is the main determinant of cholesterol but the person who is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. In fact, there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the body's production of blood cholesterol. Consequently, while it still makes sense to limit one's intake of eggs, even designer eggs, it seems that doing this without regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level.1.What is the main purpose of this passage?2. According to the passage, which of the following is a cause of heart disease?3.According to the passage, what has been the cause for changes in the sale of eggs?4.According to the passage, one egg yolk contains approximately what fraction of the suggested daily limit for human consumption of cholesterol?5.According to the passage, egg substitutes cannot be used to make any of the following types of eggs EXCEPT （）.

In early 19th century America, care for the mentally ill was almost non-existent: the afflicted were usually relegated to prisons, almshouses, or inadequate supervision by families. Treatment, if provided, paralleled other medical treatments of the time, including bloodletting and purgatives. However, in a wave of concern for the oppressed, some took action. Among these, Dorothea Dix was the leading crusader for the establishment of state-supported mental asylums. Through her efforts, the first state hospitals for the insane were built in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. She and other reformers sought humane, individualized care, with the rich and the poor housed together to insure high standards for all. The movement was generated by social reform, but throughout the century, mental illness was probed and analyzed, and “cures” prescribed by both the scientific and lay communities. “Moral treatment” was the predominating philosophy to cure the insane.This system was developed in late 18th century Europe, and by Benjamin Rush in the United States. It challenged the demonic explanations for insanity and emphasized the role of environment in determining character: improper external conditions could induce derangement. The “moral treatment” system was optimistic that an appropriate environment could facilitate cure, especially for those with acute (not chronic) afflictions. Essential to this theory was a physiological basis/for mental disorder: insanity was caused by brain damage. The brain's surface was soft and malleable and physically altered by outward influence. This idea was closely related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated. To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies performed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities. Although progress was made in the diagnosis of somatic diseases like tumors syphilitic derangement, these efforts were frustrating and subjective. Also controversial was the fate of the chronically versus acutely ill: the differences between them, whether they should be housed together, and whether the chronically ill should be treated at all.1.What is the passage mainly about? 2.According to paragraph 1, the movement to establish state-supported mental asylums was motivated by concern for （）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used in “moral treatment” were （）. 4.According to the passage, phrenology was （）. 5.Autopsies were performed on mental patients（）.

American university students are expected to abide by the honor system.

John's evenings out are usually followed by a quick dash back to his own flat to finish his reading for the following day's tutorial.

By the time that dispute was resolved, relations between service and management had been poisoned.

Lisa's friends have varying capacities to cope with the affliction.

The hotel was a four-storey building away from the university where most competitors were accommodated.

For several years the lives of the two old ladies continued to revolve in intimate enmity around each other.

With each successive visit our knowledge of those regions increased.

One of the peculiarities of the bazaar is that people dealing in the same kind of goods collect in the same area.

Her peers were her worst critics.

He was meticulous in checking his accounts.

The severance of church and state is a basic principle of that government.

Well, you're a tall man and you can carry a good deal of weight without looking awkward.

The article insinuated that the official was bribed.

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